Scrum活动之每日例会(站会)
之前发了一篇博文,介绍“每日站会中常见的错误与误区”。有小伙伴问,那些都是错误的做法,那么正确的每日站会应该怎么开?下面就说一下在Scrum中,每日站会是怎么开的。
在冲刺期间的每一天,理想的做法是在每天同一时间,开发团队举行一定时间范围内(不超过15分钟)的每日例会(Daily Scrum,参见下图)。这个检视与调整活动有时也称为“每日站会”(Daily Stand-up),因为大家站着开会可以使会议简明扼要。
举行每日例会的一个常见做法是ScrumMaster负责确保会议更顺畅,每个团队成员都要轮流回答3个问题,让其他团队成员了解情况:
在上次每日例会之后我完成了什么?
在下次每日例会之前我计划做什么工作?
有什么障碍让我无法取得进展?
通过回答这些问题,每个人都能了解全局,知道发生了什么事情,实现冲刺目标的进展如何,对当天的工作,是否需要修改计划,有什么需要处理的问题。每日例会是必不可少的,能够帮助团队管理一个冲刺内快速、灵活的工作流。
每日例会这个活动不是用来解决问题的。相反,很多团队选择的做法把问题的讨论放到每日例会之后,和一小部分感兴趣的人讨论。每日例会也不是传统意义上的状态会议,尤其不是以前那种由项目经理召集、为了解项目最新状态而举行的会议。不过每日例会对于开发团队成员交流冲刺Backlog条目的状态也是可能有帮助的。每日例会主要是一个检视、同步、适应性地制定每日计划的活动,以帮助自组织团队更好地完成工作。
Scrum曾经使用过术语“猪”和“鸡”来区分在每日例会中哪些人应当参与,哪些人只要站在旁边看就行了,不过这两个术语现在已经不用了。这两个农场动物术语来自一个老笑话(这个笑话有几个不同的版本):“在早餐吃的火腿鸡蛋中,鸡是参与者,猪是全部投入了。”显然,Scrum使用这些术语是为了区分参与者(鸡)和为了实现冲刺目标而全力投入的人(猪)。在每日例会中,只有猪应当发言,如果有鸡参加例会的话,应当作为旁观者。
我发现一种很有用的做法,即把Scrum团队中的每个人都看成猪,不是猪的,就是鸡。当然,不是每个人都赞成我这个观点。例如,产品负责人不需要参加每日例会,所以有些人认为他是鸡(其中的逻辑是,如果不需要参与,又怎么可能“全力投入”呢?)。我认为这好像不对,因为很难想象作为Scrum团队的一员,对于冲刺的最后结果,产品负责人的投入怎么可能比开发团队更少呢?如果在Scrum团队中使用猪和鸡的隐喻,是行不通的。
下面是关于Daily Scrum的另一种描述。(摘自ScrumAlliance官方网站说明)
Activity: Daily Scrum
The Development Team is self-organizing. The Development Team uses the Daily Scrum meeting to ensure that they are on track for attaining the Sprint Goal. The meeting takes place at the same time and place every day. Each Development Team member gives three bits of information:
What I have accomplished since our last Daily Scrum.
What I plan to accomplish between now and our next Daily Scrum.
What is impeding my progress.
There may be brief clarifying questions and answers, but there is no discussion of any of these topics during the Daily Scrum. However, many teams meet right after the Daily Scrum to work on any issues that have come up.
The Daily Scrum is not a report to management, nor to the Product Owner, nor to the ScrumMaster. It is a communication meeting within the Development Team, to ensure that they are all on the same page. Only the Scrum Team members, including ScrumMaster and Product Owner, speak during this meeting. Other interested parties can come and listen in. Based on what comes up in the meeting, the Development Team reorganizes the work as needed to accomplish the Sprint Goal.
The Daily Scrum is a key element of Scrum, leading to transparency, trust, and better performance. It provides rapid recognition of problems, and promotes the team's self-organization and self-reliance. All Scrum meetings are timeboxed. The recommended timebox for the Daily Scrum is no more than 15 minutes.
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