关于Linux下通过ping/mtr 长期监控网络输出日志报告的一些笔记

写在前面

• 分享一些 通过 ping、mtr 长期监控网络输出报告的笔记
• 博文内容涉及
• 通过systemd-run 启动一个临时的 ping Service 实现长 ping 日志输出
• 通过systemd-run 启动一个临时的 mtr time & mtr Srevice 实现 mtr 定时报告日志输出
• 理解不足小伙伴帮忙指正

我所渴求的，無非是將心中脫穎語出的本性付諸生活，為何竟如此艱難呢 ------赫尔曼·黑塞《德米安》

关于 ping 和 mtr 的作用使用这里不多介绍，下面提供的实现方式前提是系统通过 Systemd 来引导进程。

ping

对于 ping 来讲可以 通过 systemd-run 来生成临时 Service ，然后通过 journalctl 获取命令

┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$systemd-run --unit ping-print --slice ping  /usr/bin/ping  192.168.29.154
Running as unit ping-print.service.
┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$systemctl is-active ping-print.service
active

直接查看 ping 日志

┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$journalctl -u ping-print | tail -n 5
12月 24 16:36:54 vms82.liruilongs.github.io ping[97218]: 64 bytes from 192.168.29.154: icmp_seq=87 ttl=128 time=0.782 ms
12月 24 16:36:55 vms82.liruilongs.github.io ping[97218]: 64 bytes from 192.168.29.154: icmp_seq=88 ttl=128 time=0.596 ms
12月 24 16:36:56 vms82.liruilongs.github.io ping[97218]: 64 bytes from 192.168.29.154: icmp_seq=89 ttl=128 time=0.713 ms
12月 24 16:36:57 vms82.liruilongs.github.io ping[97218]: 64 bytes from 192.168.29.154: icmp_seq=90 ttl=128 time=0.801 ms
12月 24 16:36:58 vms82.liruilongs.github.io ping[97218]: 64 bytes from 192.168.29.154: icmp_seq=91 ttl=128 time=0.678 ms
┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$date
2022年 12月 24日 星期六 16:37:11 CST
┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$

导出 ping 日志

┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$journalctl -u ping-print.service  > ping.192.168.29.154.log
┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ls -hl ping.192.168.29.154.log;tail -n 3 ping.192.168.29.154.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 46K 12月 24 16:41 ping.192.168.29.154.log
12月 24 16:41:45 vms82.liruilongs.github.io ping[97218]: 64 bytes from 192.168.29.154: icmp_seq=378 ttl=128 time=5.52 ms
12月 24 16:41:46 vms82.liruilongs.github.io ping[97218]: 64 bytes from 192.168.29.154: icmp_seq=379 ttl=128 time=0.841 ms
12月 24 16:41:47 vms82.liruilongs.github.io ping[97218]: 64 bytes from 192.168.29.154: icmp_seq=380 ttl=128 time=0.787 ms
┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$

退出当前登录 bash，可以发现进程任然存在，不会随着bash进程消失而消失

┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$exit
登出
Connection to 192.168.26.82 closed.
PS C:\Users\山河已无恙> ssh root@192.168.26.82
root@192.168.26.82''s password:
Last login: Sat Dec 24 13:30:20 2022 from 192.168.26.1
┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$systemctl is-active ping-print.service
active
┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$journalctl -u ping-print | tail -n 1
12月 24 16:43:55 vms82.liruilongs.github.io ping[97218]: 64 bytes from 192.168.29.154: icmp_seq=507 ttl=128 time=0.633 ms
┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$date
2022年 12月 24日 星期六 16:43:57 CST
┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$

测试完成删除 ping 进程

┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$pgrep ping
97218
┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$systemctl stop ping-print.service
┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$pgrep ping
┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$

相比于下面的方式，上面的方式更加方便管理

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$nohup /usr/bin/ping  192.168.29.154 >> 192.168.29.154.log 2>&1  &
[2] 53139

Mtr

对于 mtr 来讲，我们通过配置定时输出报告的方式，启动 临时 time 每分钟执行一次 mtr 命令输出一次报告，同样可以通过 journalctl 来管理应用。

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$systemd-run --on-calendar=*:*:00  --unit mtr-print-log --slice mtr /usr/sbin/mtr -r -b  192.168.29.154
Running timer as unit mtr-print-log.timer.
Will run service as unit mtr-print-log.service.

查看 time 状态

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$systemctl status mtr-print-log.service
● mtr-print-log.service - /usr/sbin/mtr -r -b 192.168.29.154
   Loaded: loaded (/run/systemd/system/mtr-print-log.service; static; vendor preset: disabled)
  Drop-In: /run/systemd/system/mtr-print-log.service.d
           └─50-Description.conf, 50-ExecStart.conf, 50-Slice.conf
   Active: active (running) since 六 2022-12-24 22:07:00 CST; 6s ago
 Main PID: 15427 (mtr)
   CGroup: /mtr.slice/mtr-print-log.service
           └─15427 /usr/sbin/mtr -r -b 192.168.29.154

12月 24 22:07:00 vms81.liruilongs.github.io systemd[1]: Started /usr/sbin/mtr -r -b 192.168.29.154.

以及下次执行时间

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$systemctl list-timers mtr-print-log.timer
NEXT                         LEFT     LAST                         PASSED  UNIT                ACTIVATES
六 2022-12-24 22:08:00 CST  23s left 六 2022-12-24 22:07:00 CST  36s ago mtr-print-log.timer mtr-print-log.service

1 timers listed.
Pass --all to see loaded but inactive timers, too.
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$journalctl -u mtr-print-log.service

查看 mtr 的日志，你可以看到他的执行日志，输出的报告，同时你可以选择合适的方式导出

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$journalctl -u  mtr-print-log.service  | tail -n 10
12月 24 22:13:00 vms81.liruilongs.github.io systemd[1]: Started /usr/sbin/mtr -r -b 192.168.29.154.
12月 24 22:13:14 vms81.liruilongs.github.io mtr[21252]: Start: Sat Dec 24 22:13:00 2022
12月 24 22:13:14 vms81.liruilongs.github.io mtr[21252]: HOST: vms81.liruilongs.github.io  Loss%   Snt   Last   Avg  Best  Wrst StDev
12月 24 22:13:14 vms81.liruilongs.github.io mtr[21252]: 1.|-- gateway (192.168.26.2)     0.0%    10    0.2   0.3   0.2   0.5   0.0
12月 24 22:13:14 vms81.liruilongs.github.io mtr[21252]: 2.|-- 192.168.29.154             0.0%    10    0.8   0.8   0.7   1.1   0.0
12月 24 22:14:00 vms81.liruilongs.github.io systemd[1]: Started /usr/sbin/mtr -r -b 192.168.29.154.
12月 24 22:14:14 vms81.liruilongs.github.io mtr[22215]: Start: Sat Dec 24 22:14:00 2022
12月 24 22:14:14 vms81.liruilongs.github.io mtr[22215]: HOST: vms81.liruilongs.github.io  Loss%   Snt   Last   Avg  Best  Wrst StDev
12月 24 22:14:14 vms81.liruilongs.github.io mtr[22215]: 1.|-- gateway (192.168.26.2)     0.0%    10    0.3   0.3   0.2   0.4   0.0
12月 24 22:14:14 vms81.liruilongs.github.io mtr[22215]: 2.|-- 192.168.29.154             0.0%    10    0.9   0.8   0.7   1.0   0.0
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$

如果只希望看到输出和执行时间，那么可以这样。

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$journalctl -u  mtr-print-log.service -o cat | tail -n 10
Started /usr/sbin/mtr -r -b 192.168.29.154.
Start: Sat Dec 24 22:13:00 2022
HOST: vms81.liruilongs.github.io  Loss%   Snt   Last   Avg  Best  Wrst StDev
1.|-- gateway (192.168.26.2)     0.0%    10    0.2   0.3   0.2   0.5   0.0
2.|-- 192.168.29.154             0.0%    10    0.8   0.8   0.7   1.1   0.0
Started /usr/sbin/mtr -r -b 192.168.29.154.
Start: Sat Dec 24 22:14:00 2022
HOST: vms81.liruilongs.github.io  Loss%   Snt   Last   Avg  Best  Wrst StDev
1.|-- gateway (192.168.26.2)     0.0%    10    0.3   0.3   0.2   0.4   0.0
2.|-- 192.168.29.154             0.0%    10    0.9   0.8   0.7   1.0   0.0

测试完成删除 mtr 进程

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$systemctl stop mtr-print-log.timer
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$systemctl is-active mtr-print-log.service
unknown

博文参考

https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/98706.html

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41741588/running-mtr-network-diagnostic-tool-in-the-background-like-nohup-processes