1 Newman简介

• Newman是Postman的一个扩展库（NodeJs库）；
• Newman+Postman可完成接口自动化测试工作；
• Postman导出的JSON格式文件可通过Newman的命令行执行；
• 因为Postman运行后只有概要结果，没有像其他自动化测试框架那么完美漂亮的测试报告样式，所以引入了Newman；
• Newman可快速完成集合的运行，构造自动化以及持续集成工作。

2 如何安装Newman？

2.1 安装NodeJs

• 下载地址：NodeJs；
• 下载后直接双击运行即可node-v20.10.0-x64.msi；
  

2.2 安装Newman

• 直接命令行输入以下命令即可：

npm install -g newman

C:\Windows\System32>npm install -g newman
npm WARN deprecated har-validator@5.1.5: this library is no longer supported
npm WARN deprecated uuid@3.4.0: Please upgrade  to version 7 or higher.  Older versions may use Math.random() in certain circumstances, which is known to be problematic.  See https://v8.dev/blog/math-random for details.

added 118 packages, and audited 119 packages in 15s

9 packages are looking for funding
  run `npm fund` for details

found 0 vulnerabilities
npm notice
npm notice New major version of npm available! 7.19.1 -> 10.2.4
npm notice Changelog: https://github.com/npm/cli/releases/tag/v10.2.4
npm notice Run npm install -g npm@10.2.4 to update!

• 注意安装时要以管理员身份打开，不然会报错：

C:\Users\Administrator>npm install -g newman
npm ERR! code EPERM
npm ERR! syscall open
npm ERR! path C:\Program Files\nodejs\node_cache\_cacache\tmp\9c4058f4
npm ERR! errno EPERM
npm ERR! FetchError: Invalid response body while trying to fetch https://registry.npmjs.org/newman: EPERM: operation not permitted, open 'C:\Program Files\nodejs\node_cache\_cacache\tmp\9c4058f4'
npm ERR!     at C:\Program Files\nodejs\nod_global\node_modules\npm\node_modules\minipass-fetch\lib\body.js:162:15
npm ERR!     at async [nodeFromEdge] (C:\Program Files\nodejs\nod_global\node_modules\npm\node_modules\@npmcli\arborist\lib\arborist\build-ideal-tree.js:936:19)
npm ERR!     at async [buildDepStep] (C:\Program Files\nodejs\nod_global\node_modules\npm\node_modules\@npmcli\arborist\lib\arborist\build-ideal-tree.js:882:11)
npm ERR!     at async Arborist.buildIdealTree (C:\Program Files\nodejs\nod_global\node_modules\npm\node_modules\@npmcli\arborist\lib\arborist\build-ideal-tree.js:218:7)
npm ERR!     at async Arborist.reify (C:\Program Files\nodejs\nod_global\node_modules\npm\node_modules\@npmcli\arborist\lib\arborist\reify.js:134:5)
npm ERR!     at async Install.install (C:\Program Files\nodejs\nod_

• 验证Newman是否安装成功：

'newman' 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序
或批处理文件。

• 问题排查：我们已经安装了node.js了，也已经安装了newman，其他都ok了。但还是不行查看node版本也是好的；
  

2.2 解决Newman不是内部命令

• 根据上边的提示，我们已经做好了很多工作，但是还是不行；
• 这里需要配置node.js的一些环境变；
• 在node.js的安装目录下新建两个文件夹如下node_global和node_cache：
  
• 打开系统环境变量，新增NODE_PATH变量：

NODE_PATH
D:\nodejs\node_modules

• 在系统环境变量的path新增：%NODE_PATH%：
  
• 打开用户环境变量，修改path中的npm路径为：D:\nodejs\node_global：
  
  
• 重启电脑、重启电脑、重启电脑（重要的事情说三遍）。
• 验证newman是否安装成功：

newman -h
newman --version

3 Newman使用

3.1 Newman如何运行集合？

• 从postman中将脚本导出，集合-右键-三个点-【Export】：
  
• 导出为JSON格式文件即可：
  
• 我们导出的文件为：test.postman_collection.json；
• 直接命令行执行以下命令运行脚本：

newman run test.postman_collection.json

• 运行结果如下：

C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop>newman run test.postman_collection.json
newman

test

→ zentao
  POST http://127.0.0.1/zentao/api.php/v1/tokens [201 Created, 1.29kB, 1997ms]
  √  状态码为201

┌─────────────────────────┬─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┐
│                         │            executed │              failed │
├─────────────────────────┼─────────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│              iterations │                   1 │                   0 │
├─────────────────────────┼─────────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│                requests │                   1 │                   0 │
├─────────────────────────┼─────────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│            test-scripts │                   1 │                   0 │
├─────────────────────────┼─────────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│      prerequest-scripts │                   0 │                   0 │
├─────────────────────────┼─────────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│              assertions │                   1 │                   0 │
├─────────────────────────┴─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┤
│ total run duration: 2.1s                                            │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ total data received: 44B (approx)                                   │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ average response time: 1997ms [min: 1997ms, max: 1997ms, s.d.: 0µs] │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

3.2 如何查看帮助文档？

• 使用以下命令即可：

newman -h
或
newman --help

C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop>newman -h
Usage: newman [options] [command]

Options:
  -v, --version               output the version number
  -h, --help                  display help for command

Commands:
  run [options] <collection>  Initiate a Postman Collection run from a given URL or path

To get available options for a command:
  newman <command> -h

C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop>newman --help
Usage: newman [options] [command]

Options:
  -v, --version               output the version number
  -h, --help                  display help for command

Commands:
  run [options] <collection>  Initiate a Postman Collection run from a given URL or path

To get available options for a command:
  newman <command> -h

3.3 环境变量设置

• 脚本文件和环境变量是两个文件；
• 所以运行脚本的时候如果有环境变量，那么直接加-e或--environment即可：

newman run 脚本文件 -e 环境变量文件

3.4 关于全局变量

• 这个和环境变量类似，如果有全局变量，使用-g或--globals即可；

newman run 脚本文件 -g 全局变量文件

3.5 数据源文件

• Postman中可以设置迭代次数和数据源文件，而在Newman中使用的话，需要加-d或--iteration-data参数指定数据源的路径：

newman run 脚本文件 -g 全局变量文件 -d 数据源文件

• 迭代次数通过-n或--iteration-count来确定。

3.6 如何导出变量

• 直接在命令行加如下参数即可：

--export-environment
--export-globals
--export-collection

4 测试报告

• Newman支持CLI、JSON、HTML、JUNIT等等；
• 本文主要说下HTML格式的报告使用。

4.1 newman-reporter-html安装

• newman-reporter-html插件安装：

npm install -g newman-reporter-html

4.2 newman-reporter-html使用

• 使用方法：

• 生成的测试报告默认保存到当前目录下，如果报告名称为目录名，则保存到指定目录下；
• 比如HTML报告：

newman run test.postman_collection.json \
-r html --reporter-html-export html_report.html

• 比如XML格式报告：

newman run test.postman_collection.json \
-r junit --reporter-junit-export xml_report.xml

• 比如JSON格式报告：

newman run test.postman_collection.json \
-r json --reporter-json-export json_report.json

{
  "collection": {
    "_": {
      "postman_id": "a1ee2193-7e02-4c50-892f-1e4d706a1132"
    },
    "item": [
      {
        "id": "393ea4b7-bfcf-4e3e-853d-e05a263435bf",
        "name": "zentao",
        "request": {
          "description": {
            "content": "禅道系统接口测试",
            "type": "text/plain"
          },
          "url": {
            "protocol": "http",
            "path": [
              "zentao",
              "api.php",
              "v1",
              "tokens"
            ],
            "host": [
              "127",
              "0",
              "0",
              "1"
            ],
            "query": [],
            "variable": []
          },
          "method": "POST",
          "body": {
            "mode": "raw",
            "raw": "{\"account\": \"admin\", \"password\": \"ZenTao123456\"}",
            "options": {
              "raw": {
                "language": "json"
              }
            }
          }
        },
        "response": [],
        "event": [
          {
            "listen": "test",
            "script": {
              "id": "63fb0da7-27ef-4569-87c6-81697169acf5",
              "type": "text/javascript",
              "exec": [
                "pm.test(\r",
                "    \"状态码为201\",function(){\r",
                "        pm.response.to.have.status(201);\r",
                "    }\r",
                ");"
              ],
              "_lastExecutionId": "9d83ab07-5d8c-4170-bb4f-898dbd965e57"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "event": [],
    "variable": [],
    "info": {
      "_postman_id": "a1ee2193-7e02-4c50-892f-1e4d706a1132",
      "name": "test",
      "schema": "https://schema.getpostman.com/json/collection/v2.1.0/collection.json"
    }
  },
  "environment": {
    "id": "a4b8954c-a10e-4b54-80d0-bb003c56953e",
    "values": []
  },
  "globals": {
    "id": "a084d77b-cbf5-4498-9770-200d6e0a4168",
    "values": []
  },
  "run": {
    "stats": {
      "iterations": {
        "total": 1,
        "pending": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "items": {
        "total": 1,
        "pending": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "scripts": {
        "total": 1,
        "pending": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "prerequests": {
        "total": 1,
        "pending": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "requests": {
        "total": 1,
        "pending": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "tests": {
        "total": 1,
        "pending": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "assertions": {
        "total": 1,
        "pending": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "testScripts": {
        "total": 1,
        "pending": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "prerequestScripts": {
        "total": 0,
        "pending": 0,
        "failed": 0
      }
    },
    "timings": {
      "responseAverage": 154,
      "responseMin": 154,
      "responseMax": 154,
      "responseSd": 0,
      "dnsAverage": 0,
      "dnsMin": 0,
      "dnsMax": 0,
      "dnsSd": 0,
      "firstByteAverage": 0,
      "firstByteMin": 0,
      "firstByteMax": 0,
      "firstByteSd": 0,
      "started": 1700804595902,
      "completed": 1700804596169
    },
    "executions": [
      {
        "cursor": {
          "position": 0,
          "iteration": 0,
          "length": 1,
          "cycles": 1,
          "empty": false,
          "eof": false,
          "bof": true,
          "cr": false,
          "ref": "1d6d4e14-53d2-4ab6-8e78-87c67bad8bc9",
          "httpRequestId": "b5949fe3-d241-4020-a10c-b4adcbef9bb1"
        },
        "item": {
          "id": "393ea4b7-bfcf-4e3e-853d-e05a263435bf",
          "name": "zentao",
          "request": {
            "description": {
              "content": "禅道系统接口测试",
              "type": "text/plain"
            },
            "url": {
              "protocol": "http",
              "path": [
                "zentao",
                "api.php",
                "v1",
                "tokens"
              ],
              "host": [
                "127",
                "0",
                "0",
                "1"
              ],
              "query": [],
              "variable": []
            },
            "method": "POST",
            "body": {
              "mode": "raw",
              "raw": "{\"account\": \"admin\", \"password\": \"ZenTao123456\"}",
              "options": {
                "raw": {
                  "language": "json"
                }
              }
            }
          },
          "response": [],
          "event": [
            {
              "listen": "test",
              "script": {
                "id": "63fb0da7-27ef-4569-87c6-81697169acf5",
                "type": "text/javascript",
                "exec": [
                  "pm.test(\r",
                  "    \"状态码为201\",function(){\r",
                  "        pm.response.to.have.status(201);\r",
                  "    }\r",
                  ");"
                ],
                "_lastExecutionId": "9d83ab07-5d8c-4170-bb4f-898dbd965e57"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "request": {
          "description": {
            "content": "禅道系统接口测试",
            "type": "text/plain"
          },
          "url": {
            "protocol": "http",
            "path": [
              "zentao",
              "api.php",
              "v1",
              "tokens"
            ],
            "host": [
              "127",
              "0",
              "0",
              "1"
            ],
            "query": [],
            "variable": []
          },
          "header": [
            {
              "key": "Content-Type",
              "value": "application/json",
              "system": true
            },
            {
              "key": "User-Agent",
              "value": "PostmanRuntime/7.33.0",
              "system": true
            },
            {
              "key": "Accept",
              "value": "*/*",
              "system": true
            },
            {
              "key": "Cache-Control",
              "value": "no-cache",
              "system": true
            },
            {
              "key": "Postman-Token",
              "value": "4dd31771-a07b-42e8-b78a-ac244c4dca6c",
              "system": true
            },
            {
              "key": "Host",
              "value": "127.0.0.1",
              "system": true
            },
            {
              "key": "Accept-Encoding",
              "value": "gzip, deflate, br",
              "system": true
            },
            {
              "key": "Connection",
              "value": "keep-alive",
              "system": true
            },
            {
              "key": "Content-Length",
              "value": "48",
              "system": true
            }
          ],
          "method": "POST",
          "body": {
            "mode": "raw",
            "raw": "{\"account\": \"admin\", \"password\": \"ZenTao123456\"}",
            "options": {
              "raw": {
                "language": "json"
              }
            }
          }
        },
        "response": {
          "id": "2a26af66-ad21-42d2-8b7a-b89cd7339a47",
          "status": "Created",
          "code": 201,
          "header": [
            {
              "key": "Date",
              "value": "Fri, 24 Nov 2023 05:43:16 GMT"
            },
            {
              "key": "Server",
              "value": "Apache"
            },
            {
              "key": "Set-Cookie",
              "value": "zentaosid=9f0dab6ebbe1e65c99a8abb3c351d89a; path=/zentao/; HttpOnly"
            },
            {
              "key": "Set-Cookie",
              "value": "lang=zh-cn; expires=Sun, 24-Dec-2023 05:43:16 GMT; Max-Age=2592000; path=/zentao/"
            },
            {
              "key": "Set-Cookie",
              "value": "device=desktop; expires=Sun, 24-Dec-2023 05:43:16 GMT; Max-Age=2592000; path=/zentao/; HttpOnly"
            },
            {
              "key": "Set-Cookie",
              "value": "theme=default; expires=Sun, 24-Dec-2023 05:43:16 GMT; Max-Age=2592000; path=/zentao/"
            },
            {
              "key": "Expires",
              "value": "Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT"
            },
            {
              "key": "Cache-Control",
              "value": "private"
            },
            {
              "key": "Pragma",
              "value": "no-cache"
            },
            {
              "key": "X-Content-Type-Options",
              "value": "nosniff"
            },
            {
              "key": "X-XSS-Protection",
              "value": "1; mode=block"
            },
            {
              "key": "Strict-Transport-Security",
              "value": "max-age=3600; includeSubDomains"
            },
            {
              "key": "Referrer-Policy",
              "value": "no-referrer-when-downgrade"
            },
            {
              "key": "X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies",
              "value": "master-only"
            },
            {
              "key": "X-Download-Options",
              "value": "noopen"
            },
            {
              "key": "Content-Security-Policy",
              "value": "form-action 'self';connect-src 'self';"
            },
            {
              "key": "X-Frame-Options",
              "value": "SAMEORIGIN"
            },
            {
              "key": "Access-Control-Allow-Origin",
              "value": "*"
            },
            {
              "key": "Access-Control-Allow-Credentials",
              "value": "true"
            },
            {
              "key": "Access-Control-Allow-Headers",
              "value": "Origin,X-Requested-With,Content-Type,Accept,Authorization,Token,Referer,User-Agent"
            },
            {
              "key": "Access-Control-Allow-Methods",
              "value": "GET,POST,PUT,DELETE,OPTIONS,PATCH"
            },
            {
              "key": "Content-Length",
              "value": "44"
            },
            {
              "key": "Keep-Alive",
              "value": "timeout=10, max=100"
            },
            {
              "key": "Connection",
              "value": "Keep-Alive"
            },
            {
              "key": "Content-Type",
              "value": "application/json"
            }
          ],
          "stream": {
            "type": "Buffer",
            "data": [
              123,
              34,
              116,
              111,
              107,
              101,
              110,
              34,
              58,
              34,
              57,
              102,
              48,
              100,
              97,
              98,
              54,
              101,
              98,
              98,
              101,
              49,
              101,
              54,
              53,
              99,
              57,
              57,
              97,
              56,
              97,
              98,
              98,
              51,
              99,
              51,
              53,
              49,
              100,
              56,
              57,
              97,
              34,
              125
            ]
          },
          "cookie": [],
          "responseTime": 154,
          "responseSize": 44
        },
        "id": "393ea4b7-bfcf-4e3e-853d-e05a263435bf",
        "assertions": [
          {
            "assertion": "状态码为201",
            "skipped": false
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "transfers": {
      "responseTotal": 44
    },
    "failures": [],
    "error": null
  }
}

• 以下是生成的几个报告：
  

4.3 htmlextra安装

• htmlextra主要实现比较高级的测试报告，需要进行安装：

npm install -g newman-reporter-htmlextra

4.4 htmlextra使用

• 使用方法和newman-reporter-html基本一样；
• 使用命令方法：

newman run test.postman_collection.json -r \
htmlextra --reporter-html-export html_report.html

• 执行命令后会在当前目录或者指定目录生成一个newman文件夹，文件夹中保存着生成的文报告信息；
• 测试报告样式如下：
  

5 关于postman使用

• 这个之前的文章已经介绍了，直接去浏览即可，这里不再赘述；
• 大概思路就是使用postman生成接口数据，导出来后使用Newman运行和生成测试报告。