经典智能合约之智能拍卖
实现一个简易的拍卖合约
角色分析:4类角色(拍卖师actioneer,委托人seller,竞买人bidder,买受人buyer)
功能分析:拍卖的基本原则是价高者得,在设定的拍卖时限内,出价最高者最终获得拍卖得标物(提示:在数据结构上,不用太复杂的设计,只需能记录当前最高价的竞买人及其金额、拍卖结束时间即可。)
竞拍功能:竞买人可以多次出价,价格必须高于当前记录的最高价,并将最高价和竞买人替换。
竞拍结束:竞拍结束时,宣布胜利者。
状态变量定义和初始化
定义变量:委托人、拍卖师、买受人、竞拍结束标志、时间限制、竞拍最高金额。(提示:合约调用者为拍卖师,如果涉及到转账的角色需要用address
payable,构造函数可以初始化拍卖师[即msg.sender]、拍卖时限、竞拍结束标志,竞买人在程序中选择不同account,根据account和msg.value更新买受人和最高金额)
竞拍功能
只要竞拍未结束都可以发起竞拍(提示:从调用信息窗口选择买家,输入竞拍价格,用msg.sender和msg.value获得买家和价格信息)
但需要满足以下条件:竞拍未结束;竞拍时的价格一定要比之前的价格高;竞拍在时限内;
当竞拍被允许时,需要退钱给上一个买家,并替换原有的最高价格和买受人。
结束竞拍
判断是否超过时限,并且是第一次执行本操作,确认通过后,转账给委托人。
合约代码
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;
contract auction {
uint auctionEndTime;
address public auctioneer;
address public buyer;
address payable public seller;
uint public auctionAmount;
// Allowed withdrawals of previous bids
mapping(address => uint) pendingReturns;
// A sign to judge whether the auction is over
// Set to true at the end, disallows any change.
bool ended;
// Events that will be emitted on changes.
event auctionAmountIncreased(address bidder, uint amount);
event AuctionEnded(address winner, uint amount);
// Errors that describe failures.
/// The auction has already ended.
error AuctionAlreadyEnded();
/// There is already a higher or equal bid.
error BidNotHighEnough(uint auctionAmount);
/// The auction has not ended yet.
error AuctionNotYetEnded();
/// The function auctionEnd has already been called.
error AuctionEndAlreadyCalled();
constructor(
uint biddingTime,
address payable sellerAddress
) {
seller = sellerAddress;
auctionEndTime = block.timestamp + biddingTime;
auctioneer = msg.sender;
}
/// Bid function
function bid() external payable {
// Revert the call if the bidding period is over.
if (block.timestamp > auctionEndTime)
revert AuctionAlreadyEnded();
// Return money if the bid is not high enough
if (msg.value <= auctionAmount)
revert BidNotHighEnough(auctionAmount);
if (auctionAmount != 0) {
pendingReturns[buyer] += auctionAmount;
}
buyer = msg.sender;
auctionAmount = msg.value;
emit auctionAmountIncreased(msg.sender, msg.value);
}
/// End the auction and send the highest bid to the seller.
function auctionEnd() external payable {
// Analyzing conditions
if (block.timestamp < auctionEndTime)
revert AuctionNotYetEnded();
if (ended)
revert AuctionEndAlreadyCalled();
ended = true;
emit AuctionEnded(buyer, auctionAmount);
// transfer
seller.transfer(auctionAmount);
}
}
首先,按照要求deploy拍卖合约,按照要求设置相关参数,其中seller的地址是 0x78731D3Ca6b7E34aC0F824c42a7cC18A495cabaB
,竞拍的时间是 120
。
如下所示:
deploy成功之后,进行初始查询,右下可知,auctioneer即为合约调用者的地址,seller地址与刚刚输入的地址一致。初始buyer地址默认为0,出价金额也为0。
然后进行第一次竞拍,切换至地址结尾为 35cb2
的账户,出价为1949 wei,进行竞拍:
查询后可知,竞拍成功,并且出现在当前buyer位置:
然后进行第二次竞拍,切换至地址结尾为 C02db
的账户,出价为6666 wei,进行竞拍:
查询后可知,竞拍成功,并且出现在当前buyer位置:
然后进行第三次竞拍,切换至地址结尾为 5E7f2
的账户,出价为9999 wei,进行竞拍:
查询后可知,竞拍成功,并且出现在当前buyer位置:
最后,待拍卖时间结束后进行auctionEnd,根据定义,价高者得,因此winner是出价9999 wei的账户,结果如下:
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