• 如下图，我们可以看到allure报告的总览，里边的一些特性是可以自定义设置的。
  

1 Environment设置

• Environment可以理解为环境变量；
• 默认为空；
• 可以自己设置。

1.1 设置方法

• 在存放测试报目录下创建environment.properties或者environment.xml文件；
• 而测试报告目录是使用--alluredir指定的目录，比如：

--alluredir allure-results

• 比如之前提到的用例：

pytest -n auto --alluredir=allure-results test_xdist.py

1.2 创建文件

• environment.properties：

Browser=Chrome
Browser.Version=111.0.5563.65
Env=Test
IP=192.168.1.133
Allure-Pytest.Version=2.8.12

• 运行后查看Environment：
  
• 或者创建environment.xml：

environment>
    <parameter>
        <key>Browser</key>
        <value>Chrome</value>
    </parameter>
    <parameter>
        <key>Browser.Version</key>
        <value>111.0.5563.65</value>
    </parameter>
    <parameter>
        <key>Env</key>
        <value>Test</value>
    </parameter>
        <parameter>
        <key>IP</key>
        <value>192.168.1.133</value>
    </parameter>
        <parameter>
        <key>Allure-Pytest.Version</key>
        <value>2.8.12</value>
    </parameter>
</environment>

2 Categories设置

• Categories即分类，测试用例结果的分类；
• 默认有两种分类：

# Product defects 产品缺陷（测试结果：failed）
# Test defects 测试缺陷（测试结果：error/broken）

• 可以自定义分类。

2.1 设置方式

• 和environment方式一样，在allure-results目录中创建categories.json文件

2.2 创建文件

[
  {
    "name": "Ignored tests", 
    "matchedStatuses": ["skipped"] 
  },
  {
    "name": "Infrastructure problems",
    "matchedStatuses": ["broken", "failed"],
    "messageRegex": ".*bye-bye.*" 
  },
  {
    "name": "Outdated tests",
    "matchedStatuses": ["broken"],
    "traceRegex": ".*FileNotFoundException.*" 
  },
  {
    "name": "Product defects",
    "matchedStatuses": ["failed"]
  },
  {
    "name": "Test defects",
    "matchedStatuses": ["broken"]
  }
]

• 参数说明：

name：分类名称
matchedStatuses：测试用例的运行状态，默认["failed", "broken", "passed", "skipped", "unknown"]
messageRegex：测试用例运行的错误信息，默认.* ，通过正则匹配
traceRegex：测试用例运行的错误堆栈信息，默认.*  ，通过正则匹配

• 写一个用例，验证下：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# 作者：虫无涯
# 日期：2023/3/20
# 文件名称：test_yyy.py
# 作用：allure特性categories验证
# 联系：VX(NoamaNelson)
# 博客：https://blog.csdn.net/NoamaNelson

import pytest
import time

class TestCase01():
    def test_case_01(self):
        time.sleep(1)
        print("case01$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
        assert 1 == 2

    def test_case_02(self):
        time.sleep(1)
        print("case02$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
        assert 3 == 3

    def test_case_03(self):
        time.sleep(1)
        print("case03$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
        assert "is" in "is_you"

    def test_case_04(self):
        time.sleep(1)
        print("case04$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
        assert 5 < 10

    def test_case_05(self):
        time.sleep(1)
        print("case05$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
        assert 222 == 333

    def test_case_06(self):
        time.sleep(1)
        print("case06$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
        assert 444 > 666

class TestCase02():
    def test_case_07(self):
        time.sleep(1)
        print("case07$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
        assert 10/2 == 5.0

    def test_case_08(self):
        time.sleep(1)
        print("case08$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
        assert "num" in "num_list"

    def test_case_09(self):
        time.sleep(1)
        print("case08$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
        assert "num1" in "num_list"


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(["-s", "test_yyy.py"])

• 运行命令：

pytest -n auto --alluredir=allure-results test_yyy.py

• 运行命令：

allure serve allure-results

• 查看结果：
  
  

3 关于Flaky test

3.1 Flaky test介绍

• Flaky test在被测对象和测试条件都不变的情况下，有时候失败、有时候成功的测试；
• 实际上就是不稳定的测试，或者随机失败(随机成功)的测试；
• 标记成Flaky是为了当用例失败的情况下，我们能获取足够详细的信息。

3.2 产生Flaky Tests的原因

• 异步等待；
• 并发；
• 资源泄露；
• 远程服务；
• 测试依赖性。

3.3 Flaky安装

pip3 install pytest-ignore-flaky

C:\Users\Administrator>pip3 install pytest-ignore-flaky
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Collecting pytest-ignore-flaky
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/22/bf/4a670d28c8c37569e26536c068d83b37a01aea9fff9a45a03ae3be5344b9/pytest_ignore_flaky-2.0.0-py3-none-any.whl (3.9 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: pytest>=6.0 in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest-ignore-flaky) (6.2.4)
Requirement already satisfied: py>=1.8.2 in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=6.0->pytest-ignore-flaky) (1.10.0)
Requirement already satisfied: colorama in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=6.0->pytest-ignore-flaky) (0.4.4)
Requirement already satisfied: attrs>=19.2.0 in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=6.0->pytest-ignore-flaky) (20.3.0)
Requirement already satisfied: atomicwrites>=1.0 in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=6.0->pytest-ignore-flaky) (1.4.0)
Requirement already satisfied: iniconfig in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=6.0->pytest-ignore-flaky) (1.1.1)
Requirement already satisfied: importlib-metadata>=0.12 in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=6.0->pytest-ignore-flaky) (2.1.1)
Requirement already satisfied: toml in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=6.0->pytest-ignore-flaky) (0.10.2)
Requirement already satisfied: packaging in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=6.0->pytest-ignore-flaky) (20.8)
Requirement already satisfied: pluggy<1.0.0a1,>=0.12 in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=6.0->pytest-ignore-flaky) (0.13.1)
Requirement already satisfied: zipp>=0.5 in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from importlib-metadata>=0.12->pytest>=6.0->pytest-ignore-flaky) (1.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pyparsing>=2.0.2 in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from packaging->pytest>=6.0->pytest-ignore-flaky) (2.4.7)
Installing collected packages: pytest-ignore-flaky
Successfully installed pytest-ignore-flaky-2.0.0

3.4 Flaky使用

• 再写一个用例：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# 作者：虫无涯
# 日期：2023/3/20
# 文件名称：test_yyy.py
# 作用：allure特性categories验证
# 联系：VX(NoamaNelson)
# 博客：https://blog.csdn.net/NoamaNelson

import pytest
import time

class TestCase01():
    def test_case_01(self):
        time.sleep(1)
        print("case01$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
        assert 1 == 2

    def test_case_02(self):
        time.sleep(1)
        print("case02$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
        assert 3 == 3

    def test_case_03(self):
        time.sleep(1)
        print("case03$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
        assert "is" in "is_you"

    def test_case_04(self):
        time.sleep(1)
        print("case04$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
        assert 5 < 10

    def test_case_05(self):
        time.sleep(1)
        print("case05$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
        assert 222 == 333

    def test_case_06(self):
        time.sleep(1)
        print("case06$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
        assert 444 > 666

class TestCase02():
    def test_case_07(self):
        time.sleep(1)
        print("case07$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
        assert 10/2 == 5.0

    def test_case_08(self):
        time.sleep(1)
        print("case08$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
        assert "num" in "num_list"

    @pytest.mark.flaky
    def test_case_09(self):
        time.sleep(1)
        print("case08$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
        assert "num1" in "num_list"


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(["-s", "test_yyy.py"])

• 使用命令直接运行用例：

pytest -n auto --alluredir=allure-results test_yyy.py

========================================== short test summary info ===========================================
FAILED test_yyy.py::TestCase01::test_case_06 - assert 444 > 666
FAILED test_yyy.py::TestCase01::test_case_01 - assert 1 == 2
FAILED test_yyy.py::TestCase01::test_case_05 - assert 222 == 333
FAILED test_yyy.py::TestCase02::test_case_09 - AssertionError: assert 'num1' in 'num_list'
==================================== 4 failed, 5 passed, 1 rerun in 5.99s ====================================

• 从上发现被我们使用@pytest.mark.flaky标记的用例，断言是失败的，也正常标准失败：
  
  
• 命令行加上代码：--ignore-flaky重新运行：

pytest -n auto --alluredir=allure-results test_yyy.py --ignore-flaky

• 发现被标记的用例变成了xfailed而不是失败了：
  
  

3.5 小结

小结1

• 默认情况下， @pytest.mark.flaky 装饰器标记的测试用例默认会执行；
• 当用例执行结果成功时正常执行正常显示用例结果；
• 当用例执行结果失败时，测试用例默认失败重跑一次。

小结2

• pytest命令行参数 --ignore-flaky 运行 @pytest.mark.flaky 标记的测试用例：当用例执行成功时执行结果显示正常；
• 当用例执行失败时执行结果显示XFAIL(skip flaky test failure)。