Linux系统之diff命令的基本使用
一、diff命令介绍
diff工具的主要作用是比较两个文件的不同。该命令的功能为逐行比较两个文本文件,列出其不同之处。它对给出的文件进行系统的检查, 并显示出两个文件中所有不同的行,不要求事先对文件进行排序。
二、本次实践环境介绍
1.操作系统版本
本次使用的操作系统版本为centos7.6
[root@jeven ~]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
2.操作系统内核版本
操作系统内核版本为3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
[root@jeven ~]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
[root@jeven ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
三、diff命令的安装
1.检查yum仓库状态
检查yum仓库状态
[root@jeven ~]# yum repolist all |grep enable
!base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.a enabled: 10,072
!docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64 Docker CE Stable - x86_64 enabled: 210
!elrepo ELRepo.org Community Enterp enabled: 155
!epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterpri enabled: 13,768
!extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors enabled: 515
!updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirror enabled: 4,839
2.检查diff工具是否安装
centos7默认已安装diff相关包,如未安装,可以直接yum安装即可。
[root@jeven ~]# yum list installed |grep diffutils
diffutils.x86_64 3.3-4.el7 @anaconda
3.安装diff
使用yum安装diff工具
[root@jeven ~]# yum -y install diffutils-3.3-5.el7.x86_64
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* elrepo: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
docker-ce-stable | 3.5 kB 00:00:00
elrepo | 3.0 kB 00:00:00
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package diffutils.x86_64 0:3.3-4.el7 will be updated
---> Package diffutils.x86_64 0:3.3-5.el7 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===============================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===============================================================================================================================================
Updating:
diffutils x86_64 3.3-5.el7 base 322 k
Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================================================
Upgrade 1 Package
Total size: 322 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Updating : diffutils-3.3-5.el7.x86_64 1/2
Cleanup : diffutils-3.3-4.el7.x86_64 2/2
Verifying : diffutils-3.3-5.el7.x86_64 1/2
Verifying : diffutils-3.3-4.el7.x86_64 2/2
Updated:
diffutils.x86_64 0:3.3-5.el7
Complete!
四、diff的使用帮助
1.Linux中的help帮助
在linux中的–help输出
[root@jeven ~]# diff --help
Usage: diff [OPTION]... FILES
Compare FILES line by line.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
--normal output a normal diff (the default)
-q, --brief report only when files differ
-s, --report-identical-files report when two files are the same
-c, -C NUM, --context[=NUM] output NUM (default 3) lines of copied context
-u, -U NUM, --unified[=NUM] output NUM (default 3) lines of unified context
-e, --ed output an ed script
-n, --rcs output an RCS format diff
-y, --side-by-side output in two columns
-W, --width=NUM output at most NUM (default 130) print columns
--left-column output only the left column of common lines
--suppress-common-lines do not output common lines
-p, --show-c-function show which C function each change is in
-F, --show-function-line=RE show the most recent line matching RE
--label LABEL use LABEL instead of file name
(can be repeated)
-t, --expand-tabs expand tabs to spaces in output
-T, --initial-tab make tabs line up by prepending a tab
--tabsize=NUM tab stops every NUM (default 8) print columns
--suppress-blank-empty suppress space or tab before empty output lines
-l, --paginate pass output through 'pr' to paginate it
-r, --recursive recursively compare any subdirectories found
--no-dereference don't follow symbolic links
-N, --new-file treat absent files as empty
--unidirectional-new-file treat absent first files as empty
--ignore-file-name-case ignore case when comparing file names
--no-ignore-file-name-case consider case when comparing file names
-x, --exclude=PAT exclude files that match PAT
-X, --exclude-from=FILE exclude files that match any pattern in FILE
-S, --starting-file=FILE start with FILE when comparing directories
--from-file=FILE1 compare FILE1 to all operands;
FILE1 can be a directory
--to-file=FILE2 compare all operands to FILE2;
FILE2 can be a directory
-i, --ignore-case ignore case differences in file contents
-E, --ignore-tab-expansion ignore changes due to tab expansion
-Z, --ignore-trailing-space ignore white space at line end
-b, --ignore-space-change ignore changes in the amount of white space
-w, --ignore-all-space ignore all white space
-B, --ignore-blank-lines ignore changes where lines are all blank
-I, --ignore-matching-lines=RE ignore changes where all lines match RE
-a, --text treat all files as text
--strip-trailing-cr strip trailing carriage return on input
-D, --ifdef=NAME output merged file with '#ifdef NAME' diffs
--GTYPE-group-format=GFMT format GTYPE input groups with GFMT
--line-format=LFMT format all input lines with LFMT
--LTYPE-line-format=LFMT format LTYPE input lines with LFMT
These format options provide fine-grained control over the output
of diff, generalizing -D/--ifdef.
LTYPE is 'old', 'new', or 'unchanged'. GTYPE is LTYPE or 'changed'.
GFMT (only) may contain:
%< lines from FILE1
%> lines from FILE2
%= lines common to FILE1 and FILE2
%[-][WIDTH][.[PREC]]{doxX}LETTER printf-style spec for LETTER
LETTERs are as follows for new group, lower case for old group:
F first line number
L last line number
N number of lines = L-F+1
E F-1
M L+1
%(A=B?T:E) if A equals B then T else E
LFMT (only) may contain:
%L contents of line
%l contents of line, excluding any trailing newline
%[-][WIDTH][.[PREC]]{doxX}n printf-style spec for input line number
Both GFMT and LFMT may contain:
%% %
%c'C' the single character C
%c'\OOO' the character with octal code OOO
C the character C (other characters represent themselves)
-d, --minimal try hard to find a smaller set of changes
--horizon-lines=NUM keep NUM lines of the common prefix and suffix
--speed-large-files assume large files and many scattered small changes
--help display this help and exit
-v, --version output version information and exit
FILES are 'FILE1 FILE2' or 'DIR1 DIR2' or 'DIR FILE...' or 'FILE... DIR'.
If --from-file or --to-file is given, there are no restrictions on FILE(s).
If a FILE is '-', read standard input.
Exit status is 0 if inputs are the same, 1 if different, 2 if trouble.
Report bugs to: bug-diffutils@gnu.org
GNU diffutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/>
General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
2.diff的使用说明
-<行数>:指定要显示多少行的文本。此参数必须与-c或-u参数一并使用;
-a或——text:diff预设只会逐行比较文本文件;
-b或–ignore-space-change:不检查空格字符的不同;
-B或–ignore-blank-lines:不检查空白行;
-c:显示全部内容,并标出不同之处;
-C<行数>或–context<行数>:与执行“-c-<行数>”指令相同;
-d或——minimal:使用不同的演算法,以小的单位来做比较;
-D<巨集名称>或ifdef<巨集名称>:此参数的输出格式可用于前置处理器巨集;
-e或——ed:此参数的输出格式可用于ed的script文件;
-f或-forward-ed:输出的格式类似ed的script文件,但按照原来文件的顺序来显示不同处;
-H或–speed-large-files:比较大文件时,可加快速度;
-l<字符或字符串>或–ignore-matching-lines<字符或字符串>:若两个文件在某几行有所不同,而之际航同时都包含了选项中指定的字符或字符串,则不显示这两个文件的差异;
-i或–ignore-case:不检查大小写的不同;
-l或——paginate:将结果交由pr程序来分页;
-n或——rcs:将比较结果以RCS的格式来显示;
-N或–new-file:在比较目录时,若文件A仅出现在某个目录中,预设会显示:Only in目录,文件A 若使用-N参数,则diff会将文件A 与一个空白的文件比较;
-p:若比较的文件为C语言的程序码文件时,显示差异所在的函数名称;
-P或–unidirectional-new-file:与-N类似,但只有当第二个目录包含了第一个目录所没有的文件时,才会将这个文件与空白的文件做比较;
-q或–brief:仅显示有无差异,不显示详细的信息;
-r或——recursive:比较子目录中的文件;
-s或–report-identical-files:若没有发现任何差异,仍然显示信息;
-S<文件>或–starting-file<文件>:在比较目录时,从指定的文件开始比较;
-t或–expand-tabs:在输出时,将tab字符展开;
-T或–initial-tab:在每行前面加上tab字符以便对齐;
-u,-U<列数>或–unified=<列数>:以合并的方式来显示文件内容的不同;
-v或——version:显示版本信息;
-w或–ignore-all-space:忽略全部的空格字符;
-W<宽度>或–width<宽度>:在使用-y参数时,指定栏宽;
-x<文件名或目录>或–exclude<文件名或目录>:不比较选项中所指定的文件或目录;
-X<文件>或–exclude-from<文件>;您可以将文件或目录类型存成文本文件,然后在=<文件>中指定此文本文件;
-y或–side-by-side:以并列的方式显示文件的异同之处;
–help:显示帮助;
–left-column:在使用-y参数时,若两个文件某一行内容相同,则仅在左侧的栏位显示该行内容;
–suppress-common-lines:在使用-y参数时,仅显示不同之处。
五、diff的基本使用
1.直接比较文件的区别
直接diff比较两个文件的区别,直接显示两个文件不同处的行及行号。
a - add 增加的内容
c - change 改变的内容
d - delete 删除的内容
[root@jeven tmp]# diff passwd passwd01
18c18
< colord:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin
---
> coloa1rd:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin
28c28
< unbound:x:994:989:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin
---
> un1abound:x:994:989:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin
43c43
< tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
---
> 1atcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
2.以上下文 (context) 模式比较差异
会在不同的位置,以上下文的模式来展现两个文件的不同
[root@jeven tmp]# diff -c passwd passwd01
*** passwd 2023-03-11 18:33:21.672772433 +0800
--- passwd01 2023-03-11 18:33:39.395771582 +0800
***************
*** 15,21 ****
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
libstoragemgmt:x:998:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin
! colord:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
gluster:x:996:993:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin
saslauth:x:995:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin
--- 15,21 ----
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
libstoragemgmt:x:998:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin
! coloa1rd:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
gluster:x:996:993:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin
saslauth:x:995:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin
***************
*** 25,31 ****
radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
! unbound:x:994:989:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin
chrony:x:993:988::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
--- 25,31 ----
radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
! un1abound:x:994:989:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin
chrony:x:993:988::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
***************
*** 40,46 ****
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
! tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
admin:x:1000:1000:admin:/home/admin:/bin/bash
mysql:x:1001:1001::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
redis:x:987:980:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/sbin/nologin
--- 40,46 ----
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
! 1atcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
admin:x:1000:1000:admin:/home/admin:/bin/bash
mysql:x:1001:1001::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
redis:x:987:980:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/sbin/nologin
3.指定上下文行数比较
指定上下文行数,比较两个文件的不同。
比较的特殊字符:
- 出现在前者,表示后者比前者少一行
+ 出现在后者,表示后者比前者多一行
- 出现在两者,表示有差别的行
[root@jeven tmp]# diff -C 2 passwd passwd01
*** passwd 2023-03-11 18:33:21.672772433 +0800
--- passwd01 2023-03-11 18:33:39.395771582 +0800
***************
*** 16,20 ****
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
libstoragemgmt:x:998:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin
! colord:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
gluster:x:996:993:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin
--- 16,20 ----
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
libstoragemgmt:x:998:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin
! coloa1rd:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
gluster:x:996:993:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin
***************
*** 26,30 ****
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
! unbound:x:994:989:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin
chrony:x:993:988::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin
--- 26,30 ----
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
! un1abound:x:994:989:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin
chrony:x:993:988::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin
***************
*** 41,45 ****
avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
! tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
admin:x:1000:1000:admin:/home/admin:/bin/bash
mysql:x:1001:1001::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
--- 41,45 ----
avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
! 1atcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
admin:x:1000:1000:admin:/home/admin:/bin/bash
mysql:x:1001:1001::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
4.以联合 (unified) 模式比较差异
以联合 (unified) 模式比较差异
第一部分,显示两个文件的基本信息。---表示第一个文件,+++ 表示第二个文件。
第二部分,@@包围的内容,其中 -15,7 表示输出的内容属于第一个文件的第15行和第21行,+15,7 表示输出的内容属于第二个文件的第15行到第21号,进行合并显示。
第三部分,为比较后合并的内容。减号 -为变化的部分中第一个文件内容,加号表示变化中第二个文件改变的内容
[root@jeven tmp]# diff -u passwd passwd01
--- passwd 2023-03-11 18:33:21.672772433 +0800
+++ passwd01 2023-03-11 18:33:39.395771582 +0800
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
libstoragemgmt:x:998:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin
-colord:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin
+coloa1rd:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
gluster:x:996:993:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin
saslauth:x:995:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
-unbound:x:994:989:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin
+un1abound:x:994:989:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin
chrony:x:993:988::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
-tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
+1atcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
admin:x:1000:1000:admin:/home/admin:/bin/bash
mysql:x:1001:1001::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
redis:x:987:980:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/sbin/nologin
5.以并列输出
比较两个文件的不同,且并列输出文件的全部内容。
比较的特殊字符:
| 表示前后 2 个文件内容有不同
< 表示后面文件比前面文件少了 1 行内容
> 表示后面文件比前面文件多了 1 行内容
[root@jeven tmp]# diff -y passwd passwd01
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/ systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
libstoragemgmt:x:998:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/v libstoragemgmt:x:998:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/v
colord:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologi | coloa1rd:x:997:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nolo
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
gluster:x:996:993:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologi gluster:x:996:993:GlusterFS daemons:/run/gluster:/sbin/nologi
saslauth:x:995:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin saslauth:x:995:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin
abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin
rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin
pulse:x:171:171:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin pulse:x:171:171:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin
radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin
unbound:x:994:989:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nol | un1abound:x:994:989:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/n
chrony:x:993:988::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin chrony:x:993:988::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox t tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox t
usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin
geoclue:x:992:986:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nol geoclue:x:992:986:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nol
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
sssd:x:991:985:User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologin sssd:x:991:985:User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologin
setroubleshoot:x:990:984::/var/lib/setroubleshoot:/sbin/nolog setroubleshoot:x:990:984::/var/lib/setroubleshoot:/sbin/nolog
saned:x:989:983:SANE scanner daemon user:/usr/share/sane:/sbi saned:x:989:983:SANE scanner daemon user:/usr/share/sane:/sbi
gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin
gnome-initial-setup:x:988:982::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbi gnome-initial-setup:x:988:982::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbi
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/no sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/no
avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/ avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin | 1atcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
admin:x:1000:1000:admin:/home/admin:/bin/bash admin:x:1000:1000:admin:/home/admin:/bin/bash
mysql:x:1001:1001::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin mysql:x:1001:1001::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
redis:x:987:980:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/sbin/no redis:x:987:980:Redis Database Server:/var/lib/redis:/sbin/no
zhangsan:x:1002:1002::/home/zhangsan:/bin/bash zhangsan:x:1002:1002::/home/zhangsan:/bin/bash
lisi:x:1003:1003::/home/lisi:/bin/bash lisi:x:1003:1003::/home/lisi:/bin/bash
kitty:x:1004:1004::/home/kitty:/bin/bash kitty:x:1004:1004::/home/kitty:/bin/bash
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
[root@jeven tmp]#
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