微信公众平台安全模式下传输xml数据包时解密方式
【摘要】 大家好，我是雄雄，欢迎你的到来。 前言：最近一直在搞微信服务（公众）号开发，前面也写过一篇文章，是关于一开始配置、验证token以及接收用户触发关注/取消关注事件时的接口，文章地址：java实现微信服务（公众）号用户关注时，获取openid，安全模式下的加密解密实现今天将加密解密的工具类汇总整理一下发出来，记录一下。 加密/解密工具类/** * 对公众平台发送给公众账号的消息加解密示例代码....
大家好，我是雄雄，欢迎你的到来。
前言：
最近一直在搞微信服务（公众）号开发，前面也写过一篇文章，是关于一开始配置、验证token以及接收用户触发关注/取消关注事件时的接口，文章地址：java实现微信服务（公众）号用户关注时，获取openid，安全模式下的加密解密实现
今天将加密解密的工具类汇总整理一下发出来，记录一下。
加密/解密工具类
/**
* 对公众平台发送给公众账号的消息加解密示例代码.
*
* @copyright Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Tencent Inc.
*/
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* 针对org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64，
* 需要导入架包commons-codec-1.9（或commons-codec-1.8等其他版本）
* 官方下载地址：http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-codec/download_codec.cgi
*/
package org.jeecg.modules.utils;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
/**
* 提供接收和推送给公众平台消息的加解密接口(UTF8编码的字符串).
* <ol>
* <li>第三方回复加密消息给公众平台</li>
* <li>第三方收到公众平台发送的消息，验证消息的安全性，并对消息进行解密。</li>
* </ol>
* 说明：异常java.security.InvalidKeyException:illegal Key Size的解决方案
* <ol>
* <li>在官方网站下载JCE无限制权限策略文件（JDK7的下载地址：
* http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jce-7-download-432124.html</li>
* <li>下载后解压，可以看到local_policy.jar和US_export_policy.jar以及readme.txt</li>
* <li>如果安装了JRE，将两个jar文件放到%JRE_HOME%\lib\security目录下覆盖原来的文件</li>
* <li>如果安装了JDK，将两个jar文件放到%JDK_HOME%\jre\lib\security目录下覆盖原来文件</li>
* </ol>
*/
public class WXBizMsgCrypt {
static Charset CHARSET = Charset.forName("utf-8");
Base64 base64 = new Base64();
byte[] aesKey;
String token;
String appId;
/**
* 构造函数
* @param token 公众平台上，开发者设置的token
* @param encodingAesKey 公众平台上，开发者设置的EncodingAESKey
* @param appId 公众平台appid
*
* @throws AesException 执行失败，请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息
*/
public WXBizMsgCrypt(String token, String encodingAesKey, String appId) throws AesException {
if (encodingAesKey.length() != 43) {
throw new AesException(AesException.IllegalAesKey);
}
this.token = token;
this.appId = appId;
aesKey = Base64.decodeBase64(encodingAesKey + "=");
}
// 生成4个字节的网络字节序
byte[] getNetworkBytesOrder(int sourceNumber) {
byte[] orderBytes = new byte[4];
orderBytes[3] = (byte) (sourceNumber & 0xFF);
orderBytes[2] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 8 & 0xFF);
orderBytes[1] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 16 & 0xFF);
orderBytes[0] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 24 & 0xFF);
return orderBytes;
}
// 还原4个字节的网络字节序
int recoverNetworkBytesOrder(byte[] orderBytes) {
int sourceNumber = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
sourceNumber <<= 8;
sourceNumber |= orderBytes[i] & 0xff;
}
return sourceNumber;
}
// 随机生成16位字符串
String getRandomStr() {
String base = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
Random random = new Random();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
int number = random.nextInt(base.length());
sb.append(base.charAt(number));
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* 对明文进行加密.
*
* @param text 需要加密的明文
* @return 加密后base64编码的字符串
* @throws AesException aes加密失败
*/
String encrypt(String randomStr, String text) throws AesException {
ByteGroup byteCollector = new ByteGroup();
byte[] randomStrBytes = randomStr.getBytes(CHARSET);
byte[] textBytes = text.getBytes(CHARSET);
byte[] networkBytesOrder = getNetworkBytesOrder(textBytes.length);
byte[] appidBytes = appId.getBytes(CHARSET);
// randomStr + networkBytesOrder + text + appid
byteCollector.addBytes(randomStrBytes);
byteCollector.addBytes(networkBytesOrder);
byteCollector.addBytes(textBytes);
byteCollector.addBytes(appidBytes);
// ... + pad: 使用自定义的填充方式对明文进行补位填充
byte[] padBytes = PKCS7Encoder.encode(byteCollector.size());
byteCollector.addBytes(padBytes);
// 获得最终的字节流, 未加密
byte[] unencrypted = byteCollector.toBytes();
try {
// 设置加密模式为AES的CBC模式
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/NoPadding");
SecretKeySpec keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(aesKey, "AES");
IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(aesKey, 0, 16);
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keySpec, iv);
// 加密
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(unencrypted);
// 使用BASE64对加密后的字符串进行编码
String base64Encrypted = base64.encodeToString(encrypted);
return base64Encrypted;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new AesException(AesException.EncryptAESError);
}
}
/**
* 对密文进行解密.
*
* @param text 需要解密的密文
* @return 解密得到的明文
* @throws AesException aes解密失败
*/
String decrypt(String text) throws AesException {
byte[] original;
try {
// 设置解密模式为AES的CBC模式
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/NoPadding");
SecretKeySpec key_spec = new SecretKeySpec(aesKey, "AES");
IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(Arrays.copyOfRange(aesKey, 0, 16));
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key_spec, iv);
// 使用BASE64对密文进行解码
byte[] encrypted = Base64.decodeBase64(text);
// 解密
original = cipher.doFinal(encrypted);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new AesException(AesException.DecryptAESError);
}
String xmlContent, from_appid;
try {
// 去除补位字符
byte[] bytes = PKCS7Encoder.decode(original);
// 分离16位随机字符串,网络字节序和AppId
byte[] networkOrder = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 16, 20);
int xmlLength = recoverNetworkBytesOrder(networkOrder);
xmlContent = new String(Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 20, 20 + xmlLength), CHARSET);
from_appid = new String(Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 20 + xmlLength, bytes.length),
CHARSET);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new AesException(AesException.IllegalBuffer);
}
// appid不相同的情况
if (!from_appid.equals(appId)) {
throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateAppidError);
}
return xmlContent;
}
/**
* 将公众平台回复用户的消息加密打包.
* <ol>
* <li>对要发送的消息进行AES-CBC加密</li>
* <li>生成安全签名</li>
* <li>将消息密文和安全签名打包成xml格式</li>
* </ol>
*
* @param replyMsg 公众平台待回复用户的消息，xml格式的字符串
* @param timeStamp 时间戳，可以自己生成，也可以用URL参数的timestamp
* @param nonce 随机串，可以自己生成，也可以用URL参数的nonce
*
* @return 加密后的可以直接回复用户的密文，包括msg_signature, timestamp, nonce, encrypt的xml格式的字符串
* @throws AesException 执行失败，请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息
*/
public String encryptMsg(String replyMsg, String timeStamp, String nonce) throws AesException {
// 加密
String encrypt = encrypt(getRandomStr(), replyMsg);
// 生成安全签名
if (timeStamp == "") {
timeStamp = Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis());
}
String signature = SHA1.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, encrypt);
// System.out.println("发送给平台的签名是: " + signature[1].toString());
// 生成发送的xml
String result = XMLParse.generate(encrypt, signature, timeStamp, nonce);
return result;
}
/**
* 检验消息的真实性，并且获取解密后的明文.
* <ol>
* <li>利用收到的密文生成安全签名，进行签名验证</li>
* <li>若验证通过，则提取xml中的加密消息</li>
* <li>对消息进行解密</li>
* </ol>
*
* @param msgSignature 签名串，对应URL参数的msg_signature
* @param timeStamp 时间戳，对应URL参数的timestamp
* @param nonce 随机串，对应URL参数的nonce
* @param postData 密文，对应POST请求的数据
*
* @return 解密后的原文
* @throws AesException 执行失败，请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息
*/
public String decryptMsg(String msgSignature, String timeStamp, String nonce, String postData)
throws AesException {
// 密钥，公众账号的app secret
// 提取密文
Object[] encrypt = XMLParse.extract(postData);
// 验证安全签名
String signature = SHA1.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, encrypt[1].toString());
// 和URL中的签名比较是否相等
// System.out.println("第三方收到URL中的签名：" + msg_sign);
// System.out.println("第三方校验签名：" + signature);
if (!signature.equals(msgSignature)) {
throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateSignatureError);
}
// 解密
String result = decrypt(encrypt[1].toString());
return result;
}
/**
* 验证URL
* @param msgSignature 签名串，对应URL参数的msg_signature
* @param timeStamp 时间戳，对应URL参数的timestamp
* @param nonce 随机串，对应URL参数的nonce
* @param echoStr 随机串，对应URL参数的echostr
*
* @return 解密之后的echostr
* @throws AesException 执行失败，请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息
*/
public String verifyUrl(String msgSignature, String timeStamp, String nonce, String echoStr)
throws AesException {
String signature = SHA1.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, echoStr);
if (!signature.equals(msgSignature)) {
throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateSignatureError);
}
String result = decrypt(echoStr);
return result;
}
}
官方提供的测试类：
package org.jeecg.modules.utils;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringReader;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import org.junit.*;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
public class WXBizMsgCryptTest {
String encodingAesKey = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789ABCDEFG";
String tokeN = "";
String timestamp = "1409304348";
String nonce = "xxxxxx";
String appId = "wxb11529c136998cb6";
String replyMsg = "我是中文abcd123";
String xmlFormat = "<xml><><![CDATA[toUser]]></ToUserName><Encrypt><![CDATA[%1$s]]></Encrypt></xml>";
String afterAesEncrypt = "jn1L23DB+6ELqJ++3bnyg5K55bgVtVzd832WzZGMhkP72vVOfg==";
String randomStr = "aaaabbbbccccdddd";
String replyMsg2 = "<xml><ToUserName><![CDATA[oia2Tj我是中文jewbmiOUlr6X-1crbLOvLw]]></ToUserName><FromUserName><![CDATA[gh_7f083739789a]]></FromUserName><CreateTime>1407743423</CreateTime><MsgType><![CDATA[video]]></MsgType><Video><MediaId><![CDATA[eYJ1MbwPRJtOvIEabaxHs7TX2D-HV71s79GUxqdUkjm6Gs2Ed1KF3ulAOA9H1xG0]]></MediaId><Title><![CDATA[testCallBackReplyVideo]]></Title><Description><![CDATA[testCallBackReplyVideo]]></Description></Video></xml>";
String afterAesEncrypt2 = "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";
@BeforeClass
public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
}
@AfterClass
public static void tearDownAfterClass() throws Exception {
}
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
}
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
}
@Test
public void testNormal() throws ParserConfigurationException, SAXException, IOException {
try {
WXBizMsgCrypt pc = new WXBizMsgCrypt(token, encodingAesKey, appId);
String afterEncrpt = pc.encryptMsg(replyMsg, timestamp, nonce);
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
StringReader sr = new StringReader(afterEncrpt);
InputSource is = new InputSource(sr);
Document document = db.parse(is);
Element root = document.getDocumentElement();
NodeList nodelist1 = root.getElementsByTagName("Encrypt");
NodeList nodelist2 = root.getElementsByTagName("MsgSignature");
String encrypt = nodelist1.item(0).getTextContent();
String msgSignature = nodelist2.item(0).getTextContent();
String fromXML = String.format(xmlFormat, encrypt);
// 第三方收到公众号平台发送的消息
String afterDecrpt = pc.decryptMsg(msgSignature, timestamp, nonce, fromXML);
assertEquals(replyMsg, afterDecrpt);
} catch (AesException e) {
fail("正常流程，怎么就抛出异常了？？？？？？");
}
}
@Test
public void testAesEncrypt() {
try {
WXBizMsgCrypt pc = new WXBizMsgCrypt(token, encodingAesKey, appId);
assertEquals(afterAesEncrypt, pc.encrypt(randomStr, replyMsg));
} catch (AesException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
fail("no异常");
}
}
@Test
public void testAesEncrypt2() {
try {
WXBizMsgCrypt pc = new WXBizMsgCrypt(token, encodingAesKey, appId);
assertEquals(afterAesEncrypt2, pc.encrypt(randomStr, replyMsg2));
} catch (AesException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
fail("no异常");
}
}
@Test
public void testIllegalAesKey() {
try {
new WXBizMsgCrypt(token, "abcde", appId);
} catch (AesException e) {
assertEquals(AesException.IllegalAesKey, e.getCode());
return;
}
fail("错误流程不抛出异常？？？");
}
@Test
public void testValidateSignatureError() throws ParserConfigurationException, SAXException,
IOException {
try {
WXBizMsgCrypt pc = new WXBizMsgCrypt(token, encodingAesKey, appId);
String afterEncrpt = pc.encryptMsg(replyMsg, timestamp, nonce);
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
StringReader sr = new StringReader(afterEncrpt);
InputSource is = new InputSource(sr);
Document document = db.parse(is);
Element root = document.getDocumentElement();
NodeList nodelist1 = root.getElementsByTagName("Encrypt");
String encrypt = nodelist1.item(0).getTextContent();
String fromXML = String.format(xmlFormat, encrypt);
pc.decryptMsg("12345", timestamp, nonce, fromXML); // 这里签名错误
} catch (AesException e) {
assertEquals(AesException.ValidateSignatureError, e.getCode());
return;
}
fail("错误流程不抛出异常？？？");
}
@Test
public void testVerifyUrl() throws AesException {
WXBizMsgCrypt wxcpt = new WXBizMsgCrypt("QDG6eK",
"jWmYm7qr5nMoAUwZRjGtBxmz3KA1tkAj3ykkR6q2B2C", "wx5823bf96d3bd56c7");
String verifyMsgSig = "5c45ff5e21c57e6ad56bac8758b79b1d9ac89fd3";
String timeStamp = "1409659589";
String nonce = "263014780";
String echoStr = "P9nAzCzyDtyTWESHep1vC5X9xho/qYX3Zpb4yKa9SKld1DsH3Iyt3tP3zNdtp+4RPcs8TgAE7OaBO+FZXvnaqQ==";
wxcpt.verifyUrl(verifyMsgSig, timeStamp, nonce, echoStr);
// 只要不抛出异常就好
}
}
我的解密测试
这个是我写的解密测试类，其实也差不多，只是我为了后面维护方便，将共用的信息提取到了常量类中：
package org.jeecg.modules.utils;
import org.jeecg.modules.config.WeChatContant;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import java.io.StringReader;
/**
* @author: muxiongxiong
* @date: 2022年08月17日 下午 9:21
* 公众号：雄雄的小课堂
* 博客：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34137397
* 个人站：http://www.穆雄雄.com
* 个人站：http://www.muxiongxiong.cn
* @Description: 官方提供的加解密demo类
*/
public class Program {
// 需要加密的明文
String encodingAesKey = WeChatContant.ENCODINGAESKEY;
String token = WeChatContant.TOKEN;
String timestamp = "1409304348";
String nonce = "xxxxxx";
String appId = WeChatContant.APPID;
/**
* main方法
* @param args
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Program program = new Program();
program.decode();
}
/**
* 解密测试
*/
public void decode() throws AesException {
//构造函数
WXBizMsgCrypt pc = new WXBizMsgCrypt(token, encodingAesKey, appId);
String miwen = "5Fhy9chrfcshHmeCrAKLBZmJdYWm1RwDNYOyCfbVC6L1MUAUto5xOimdotgLBSCKRyt+yys+o+5aO0nRdO4XfS9CAhYK50NeO6O/M8woX0fanUn/DjYGJV4Mm/Zfg7KmpkXXxwguo5RJrYweglVOHZ96tLWZppAA5/LDl26YF2TmaBWAwPZU1n8R1Wg8jCaSolXBOYZ90lE3854n/+GV27xtpNy1+a+lPs5YPmyauL6wCCU2g2H71g4iYyz4ifi1afxmZsI6vkmKv0sncQMfkOYgX7g0pOZaQ/rnwjmnGfFpmY3DJe7ufmSyd+LA/5r93PIW0vW7j/Bf7xbw77ElrSghvA/Ro6U+xEZHNF3ZUqb5ce1P+62qPakC0r23RlJfMhTVF1yqKL0W/fM1pNbCfJC7KBX9IHja9bxPuN7QiWs=";
String jiemi = pc.decrypt(miwen);
System.out.println("解密后的内容是："+jiemi);
}
/**
* 官方提供的示例代码
* @throws Exception
*/
public void authorityDemo() throws Exception{
String replyMsg = " 中文<xml><ToUserName><![CDATA[oia2TjjewbmiOUlr6X-1crbLOvLw]]></ToUserName><FromUserName><![CDATA[gh_7f083739789a]]></FromUserName><CreateTime>1407743423</CreateTime><MsgType><![CDATA[video]]></MsgType><Video><MediaId><![CDATA[eYJ1MbwPRJtOvIEabaxHs7TX2D-HV71s79GUxqdUkjm6Gs2Ed1KF3ulAOA9H1xG0]]></MediaId><Title><![CDATA[testCallBackReplyVideo]]></Title><Description><![CDATA[testCallBackReplyVideo]]></Description></Video></xml>";
//构造函数
WXBizMsgCrypt pc = new WXBizMsgCrypt(token, encodingAesKey, appId);
String mingwen = pc.encryptMsg(replyMsg, timestamp, nonce);
System.out.println("加密后: " + mingwen);
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
dbf.setFeature("http://apache.org/xml/features/disallow-doctype-decl", true);
dbf.setFeature("http://xml.org/sax/features/external-general-entities", false);
dbf.setFeature("http://xml.org/sax/features/external-parameter-entities", false);
dbf.setFeature("http://apache.org/xml/features/nonvalidating/load-external-dtd", false);
dbf.setXIncludeAware(false);
dbf.setExpandEntityReferences(false);
DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
StringReader sr = new StringReader(mingwen);
InputSource is = new InputSource(sr);
Document document = db.parse(is);
Element root = document.getDocumentElement();
NodeList nodelist1 = root.getElementsByTagName("Encrypt");
NodeList nodelist2 = root.getElementsByTagName("MsgSignature");
String encrypt = nodelist1.item(0).getTextContent();
String msgSignature = nodelist2.item(0).getTextContent();
String format = "<xml><ToUserName><![CDATA[toUser]]></ToUserName><Encrypt><![CDATA[%1$s]]></Encrypt></xml>";
String fromXML = String.format(format, encrypt);
//
// 公众平台发送消息给第三方，第三方处理
//
// 第三方收到公众号平台发送的消息
String result2 = pc.decryptMsg(msgSignature, timestamp, nonce, fromXML);
System.out.println("解密后明文: " + result2);
//pc.verifyUrl(null, null, null, null);
}
}
然后就可以了。
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