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关于Linux下Redis自动化部署的一些笔记

山河已无恙发表于 2022/12/03 15:18:20 2022/12/03

【摘要】写在前面分享一些安装 redis 的笔记博文内容涉及：通过源码编译和yum 安装 redis Demo通过二进制文件和systemd运行 redis 的配置方式服务管理，配置的文件的简单介绍ansible redis 角色ansible-role-redis 编写通过 ansible 自动化安装理解不足小伙伴帮忙指正傍晚时分，你坐在屋檐下，看着天慢慢地黑下去，心里寂寞而凄凉，感到自己的生命...

写在前面

分享一些安装 redis 的笔记
博文内容涉及：
- 通过源码编译和yum 安装 redis Demo
- 通过二进制文件和systemd运行 redis 的配置方式
- 服务管理，配置的文件的简单介绍
- ansible redis 角色ansible-role-redis 编写
- 通过 ansible 自动化安装
理解不足小伙伴帮忙指正

傍晚时分，你坐在屋檐下，看着天慢慢地黑下去，心里寂寞而凄凉，感到自己的生命被剥夺了。当时我是个年轻人，但我害怕这样生活下去，衰老下去。在我看来，这是比死亡更可怕的事。--------王小波

部署Redis服务

安装包下载： wget https://download.redis.io/redis-stable.tar.gz

┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$wget https://download.redis.io/redis-stable.tar.gz
--2022-10-02 00:36:22--  https://download.redis.io/redis-stable.tar.gz
.........
2022-10-02 00:36:24 (3.64 MB/s) - 已保存 “redis-stable.tar.gz” [3047785/3047785])

解压编译安装

┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$tar -xzf redis-stable.tar.gz
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$cd redis-stable/
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$ls
00-RELEASENOTES     CONTRIBUTING.md  INSTALL    README.md   runtest-cluster    SECURITY.md    tests
BUGS                COPYING          Makefile   redis.conf  runtest-moduleapi  sentinel.conf  TLS.md
CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md  deps             MANIFESTO  runtest     runtest-sentinel   src            utils

编译 Redis，切换到根目录，然后运行make：

如果编译成功，你会在src目录中找到几个 Redis 二进制文件，包括：

redis-server : Redis 服务器本身
redis-cli是与 Redis 对话的命令行界面实用程序。要在/usr/local/bin中安装这些二进制文件，请运行：make install

┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$make
cd src && make all
which: no python3 in (/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin)
make[1]: 进入目录“/root/redis-stable/src”
    CC Makefile.dep
make[1]: 离开目录“/root/redis-stable/src”
which: no python3 in (/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin)
make[1]: 进入目录“/root/redis-stable/src”
    CC adlist.o
/bin/sh: cc: 未找到命令
make[1]: *** [adlist.o] 错误 127
make[1]: 离开目录“/root/redis-stable/src”
make: *** [all] 错误 2
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$rpm -q gcc || yum -y install gcc

没有 gcc 包，需要安装一下

┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$make && make install
........
Hint: It's a good idea to run 'make test' '';)

    INSTALL redis-server
    INSTALL redis-benchmark
    INSTALL redis-cli
make[1]: 离开目录“/root/redis-stable/src”
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$

初始化配置

配置服务运行参数 ./utils/install_server.sh 执行源码目录下的初始化脚本

┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$./utils/install_server.sh
Welcome to the redis service installer
This script will help you easily set up a running redis server

This systems seems to use systemd.
Please take a look at the provided example service unit files in this directory, and adapt and install them. Sorry!

这里提示退出了，当前系统的引导进程使用的是 systemd所以，redis 不建议通过这样的方式初始化启动。

这里有两种解决办法：

需要把导致退出的这个状态码注释掉，脚本就可以顺利执行，通过二进制文件启动
使用推荐的 systemd 来管理 redis 服务，做成 Service unit ，通过 systemctl 来管理

当前，作为 Service unit 之后更方便管理，这里我们分别看下

二进制方式

┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$vim ./utils/install_server.sh
#bail if this system is managed by systemd
_pid_1_exe="$(readlink -f /proc/1/exe)"
if [ "${_pid_1_exe##*/}" = systemd ]
then
        echo "This systems seems to use systemd."
        echo "Please take a look at the provided example service unit files in this directory, and adapt and install them. Sorry!"
        #exit 1

运行脚本，默认值即可

┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$./utils/install_server.sh
Welcome to the redis service installer
This script will help you easily set up a running redis server

This systems seems to use systemd.
Please take a look at the provided example service unit files in this directory, and adapt and install them. Sorry!
Please select the redis port for this instance: [6379]
Selecting default: 6379
Please select the redis config file name [/etc/redis/6379.conf]
Selected default - /etc/redis/6379.conf
Please select the redis log file name [/var/log/redis_6379.log]
Selected default - /var/log/redis_6379.log
Please select the data directory for this instance [/var/lib/redis/6379]
Selected default - /var/lib/redis/6379
Please select the redis executable path [/usr/local/bin/redis-server]
Selected config:
Port           : 6379
Config file    : /etc/redis/6379.conf
Log file       : /var/log/redis_6379.log
Data dir       : /var/lib/redis/6379
Executable     : /usr/local/bin/redis-server
Cli Executable : /usr/local/bin/redis-cli
Is this ok? Then press ENTER to go on or Ctrl-C to abort.
Copied /tmp/6379.conf => /etc/init.d/redis_6379
Installing service...
Successfully added to chkconfig!
Successfully added to runlevels 345!
Starting Redis server...
Installation successful!
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$

生成的配置信息：

端口 6379
主配置文件 /etc/redis/6379.conf
日志文件 /var/log/redis_6379.log
数据库目录 /var/lib/redis/6379
服务启动程序 /usr/local/bin/redis-server
命令行连接命令 /usr/local/bin/redis-cli

Service unit 的方式

这里为了演示，我们换一台机器，下载解压安装包

┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$wget https://download.redis.io/redis-stable.tar.gz
┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$tar -xzf redis-stable.tar.gz
┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$cd redis-stable/

这里的话需要安装一个 systemd-devel 包，否则 Service 启动会报下面的错 systemd supervision requested or auto-detected, but Redis is compiled without libsystemd support!

┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$yum -y install gcc
┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$yum -y install systemd-devel

编译移动二进制文件

┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$make USE_SYSTEMD=yes  && make  install

确认二进制文件

┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/local/bin]
└─$ll /usr/local/bin/redis*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  5198944 10月 30 15:55 /usr/local/bin/redis-benchmark
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       12 10月 30 15:55 /usr/local/bin/redis-check-aof -> redis-server
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       12 10月 30 15:55 /usr/local/bin/redis-check-rdb -> redis-server
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  5416224 10月 30 15:55 /usr/local/bin/redis-cli
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       12 10月 30 15:55 /usr/local/bin/redis-sentinel -> redis-server
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11401800 10月 30 15:55 /usr/local/bin/redis-server
┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/local/bin]
└─$

从安装包的里复制移动相关的单元文件和配置文件

┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable/utils]
└─$mv systemd-redis_server.service  /etc/systemd/system/redis.service
┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable/utils]
└─$cd ..
┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$mkdir -p /etc/redis/
┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$cp redis.conf  /etc/redis/

然后需要修改一下单元文件,这里主要修改了-启动、停止超时时间，加载的redis配置文件位置，设置为守护进程

┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$systemctl cat redis
# /etc/systemd/system/redis.service
# example systemd service unit file for redis-server
#
# In order to use this as a template for providing a redis service in your
# environment, _at the very least_ make sure to adapt the redis configuration
# file you intend to use as needed (make sure to set "supervised systemd"), and
# to set sane TimeoutStartSec and TimeoutStopSec property values in the unit's
# "[Service]" section to fit your needs.
#
# Some properties, such as User= and Group=, are highly desirable for virtually
# all deployments of redis, but cannot be provided in a manner that fits all
# expectable environments. Some of these properties have been commented out in
# this example service unit file, but you are highly encouraged to set them to
# fit your needs.
#
# Please refer to systemd.unit(5), systemd.service(5), and systemd.exec(5) for
# more information.

[Unit]
Description=Redis data structure server
Documentation=https://redis.io/documentation
#Before=your_application.service another_example_application.service
#AssertPathExists=/var/lib/redis
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf  --supervised systemd  --daemonize yes
## Alternatively, have redis-server load a configuration file:
#ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/redis-server /path/to/your/redis.conf
LimitNOFILE=10032
NoNewPrivileges=yes
#OOMScoreAdjust=-900
#PrivateTmp=yes
Type=notify
TimeoutStartSec=30
TimeoutStopSec=30
UMask=0077
#User=redis
#Group=redis
#WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/redis

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

部分启动参数的意思

supervised systemd -通过写入READY=1到$NOTIFY_SOCKET发送信号systemd
--daemonize no -默认情况下，Redis不作为守护进程运行。如果需要，请使用yes。注意，当daemonized时，Redis将在/var/run/Redis.pid中写入一个pid文件。

如果之前启动过，修改配置文件需要重新 reload 一下配置文件

┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$systemctl  daemon-reload
┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$systemctl start redis
┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$systemctl status redis
● redis.service - Redis data structure server
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/redis.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 日 2022-10-30 23:04:52 CST; 10s ago
     Docs: https://redis.io/documentation
 Main PID: 15816 (redis-server)
   Status: "Ready to accept connections"
   CGroup: /system.slice/redis.service
           └─15816 /usr/local/bin/redis-server 127.0.0.1:6379
..............

这两种方式我们直接使用 root 来运行的，一般生产环境，出于安全考虑，一般使用 redis 用户来运行

管理redis 服务

二进制文件方式

查看进程和端口

┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$ss -nutlp | grep redis
tcp    LISTEN     0      128    127.0.0.1:6379                  *:*                   users:(("redis-server",pid=10800,fd=6))
tcp    LISTEN     0      128     ::1:6379                 :::*                   users:(("redis-server",pid=10800,fd=7))
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$ps -C  redis-server
   PID TTY          TIME CMD
 10800 ?        00:00:00 redis-server
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$netstat  -utnlp | grep :6379
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6379          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      10800/redis-server
tcp6       0      0 ::1:6379                :::*                    LISTEN      10800/redis-server

停止 redis

┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$/etc/init.d/redis_6379  stop
Stopping ...
Redis stopped
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$netstat  -utnlp | grep :6379

启动 redis

┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$/etc/init.d/redis_6379  start
Starting Redis server...
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$ps -C  redis-server
   PID TTY          TIME CMD
 10842 ?        00:00:00 redis-server
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$

Service unit的方式

查看下进程端口相关信息

┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$ss -nutpl | grep redis
tcp    LISTEN     0      128    127.0.0.1:6379                  *:*                   users:(("redis-server",pid=15896,fd=6))
tcp    LISTEN     0      128     ::1:6379                 :::*                   users:(("redis-server",pid=15896,fd=7))
┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$
┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$cat /var/run/redis_6379.pid
15816
┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$pgrep redis
15816

设置开启自启

┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$systemctl enable redis --now
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/redis.service to /etc/systemd/system/redis.service.
┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$

停止服务

┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$systemctl stop redis.service
┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$systemctl status redis.service
● redis.service - Redis data structure server
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/redis.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since 日 2022-10-30 23:35:57 CST; 14s ago
     Docs: https://redis.io/documentation
  Process: 15816 ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf --supervised systemd --daemonize yes (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 15816 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Status: "Saving the final RDB snapshot"
.....

连接 redis 服务

查看版本

┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$redis-server -v
Redis server v=7.0.5 sha=00000000:0 malloc=libc bits=64 build=7b7dd95daaafae1
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$

命令行客户端使用

┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> ping
PONG
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
(empty array)
127.0.0.1:6379>
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$

远程连接

┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$redis-cli -h 192.168.26.153 -p 6350 -a liruilong
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
192.168.26.153:6350> GET *
(nil)
192.168.26.153:6350>

配置文件解析

常用的配置设置

┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$cat /etc/redis/6379.conf | grep -v ^# | grep -v ^$
bind 127.0.0.1 -::1 # 运行监听的IP地址
port 6379  #端口
daemonize yes #是否守护进程
pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid # PID 文件位置
loglevel notice #日志级别
logfile /var/log/redis_6379.log #日志位置
databases 16  #数据库个数
maxclients 10000 #客户端最大连接数
dir /var/lib/redis/6379 # 数据库位置
requirepass foobared #连接需要的密码
protected-mode yes #是否为保护模式
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$

在默认配置中，Redis 6之后支持 ACL配置，感兴趣小伙伴可以了解下，原来的密码作为默认用户的密码。下面为命令行的一些配置，当然也可以通过配置文件来配置

192.168.26.153:6350> acl list
1) "user default on sanitize-payload #269028aedd888ab588d32aae3061d3d083d4c3d85ccdc3f4c51c5a0f8a53f4e4 ~* &* +@all"
192.168.26.153:6350> acl setuser liruilong
OK
192.168.26.153:6350> acl list
1) "user default on sanitize-payload #269028aedd888ab588d32aae3061d3d083d4c3d85ccdc3f4c51c5a0f8a53f4e4 ~* &* +@all"
2) "user liruilong off resetchannels -@all"
192.168.26.153:6350> acl setuser liruilong on
OK
192.168.26.153:6350> acl setuser liruilong +@all
OK
192.168.26.153:6350> acl list
1) "user default on sanitize-payload #269028aedd888ab588d32aae3061d3d083d4c3d85ccdc3f4c51c5a0f8a53f4e4 ~* &* +@all"
2) "user liruilong on resetchannels +@all"
192.168.26.153:6350> acl setuser liruilong >liruilong
OK
192.168.26.153:6350> auth liruilong liruilong
OK
192.168.26.153:6350>  acl list
1) "user default on sanitize-payload #269028aedd888ab588d32aae3061d3d083d4c3d85ccdc3f4c51c5a0f8a53f4e4 ~* &* +@all"
2) "user liruilong on #269028aedd888ab588d32aae3061d3d083d4c3d85ccdc3f4c51c5a0f8a53f4e4 resetchannels +@all"
192.168.26.153:6350>

外部连接redis ，需要更改监听接口，默认情况下 redis 开启了保护模式，只监听本地的回环地址，这里需要修改为网卡地址

┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$/etc/init.d/redis_6379 stop
Stopping ...
Redis stopped
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$sed 's/bind 127.0.0.1/bind 192.168.26.153/g' /etc/redis/6379.conf | grep bind
# By default, if no "bind" configuration directive is specified, Redis listens
# the "bind" configuration directive, followed by one or more IP addresses.
# bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1     # listens on two specific IPv4 addresses
# bind 192.168.26.153 ::1              # listens on loopback IPv4 and IPv6
# bind * -::*                     # like the default, all available interfaces
# internet, binding to all the interfaces is dangerous and will expose the
# following bind directive, that will force Redis to listen only on the
bind 192.168.26.153 -::1
# Using bind-source-addr it is possible to configure a specific address to bind
# bind-source-addr 10.0.0.1
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$sed 's/bind 127.0.0.1/bind 192.168.26.153/g' /etc/redis/6379.conf -i
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$

外网访问，建议修改默认端口


┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$sed 's/^port 6379/port 6350/g' /etc/redis/6350.conf | grep "port 6"
port 6350
# tls-port 6379
# cluster-announce-tls-port 6379
# cluster-announce-bus-port 6380
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$sed 's/^port 6379/port 6350/g' /etc/redis/6350.conf -i
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$

添加密码

┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$sed '/^# requirepass/c requirepass liruilong' /etc/redis/6350.conf  | grep -i 'requirepass'
# If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration
# IMPORTANT NOTE: starting with Redis 6 "requirepass" is just a compatibility
# The requirepass is not compatible with aclfile option and the ACL LOAD
# command, these will cause requirepass to be ignored.
requirepass liruilong
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$sed -i '/^# requirepass/c requirepass liruilong' /etc/redis/6350.conf  | grep -i 'requirepass'
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$

重启服务做简单测试,有的时候，我们直接 kill 调进程，作为守护进程， redis 的进程ID 依然存在

┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$/etc/init.d/redis_6379  start
/var/run/redis_6379.pid exists, process is already running or crashed
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$cat  /var/run/redis_6379.pid
10941
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$rm -rf /var/run/redis_6379.pid

需要删除进程IP文件之后重新启动

┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$/etc/init.d/redis_6379  start
Starting Redis server...
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$/etc/init.d/redis_6379  status
Redis is running (11179)
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$

在156 机器上测试

┌──[root@vms156.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$redis-cli -h 192.168.26.153 -p 6350 -a liruilong
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
192.168.26.153:6350> GET *
(nil)
192.168.26.153:6350>

涉及内存配置

优化内存策略

┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$cat -n /etc/redis/6379.conf | grep -v ^$ | grep -A 15 -m 8 maxmemory
#从物理内存中划分多少内存给redis使用，
#这里没有指定，则代表将本机的所有物理内存交给redis去使用；
  1120  # maxmemory <bytes>

#maxmemory-policy 定义当内存空间不足时，删除已存储数据的方式，
#策略为 noeviction，即，即使内存使用完了，也不删除已存储的数据
  1149  # maxmemory-policy noeviction

#当使用lru，lfu，ttl 策略时，需要指定key模板的个数，
#默认值为5会产生足够好的结果。10非常接近真实的LRU，但CPU成本更高。3更快，但不是很准确。  
  1160  # maxmemory-samples 5

#逐出处理设计为在默认设置下运行良好。
#如果写入流量异常大，则可能需要增加值。降低此值可能会降低延迟，但有被逐出的风险处理有效性
#0=最小延迟，10=默认值，100=不考虑延迟的过程
  1168  # maxmemory-eviction-tenacity 10
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$

内存淘汰策略

maxmemory-policy 配置在内存不足的时候，删除已经存在的数据，对应的删除策略：

┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$cat -n /etc/redis/6379.conf | grep -v ^$ | grep -A 10 MAXMEMORY
  1122  # MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory
  1123  # is reached. You can select one from the following behaviors:
  1124  #
  1125  # volatile-lru -> Evict using approximated LRU, only keys with an expire set.
  1126  # allkeys-lru -> Evict any key using approximated LRU.
  1127  # volatile-lfu -> Evict using approximated LFU, only keys with an expire set.
  1128  # allkeys-lfu -> Evict any key using approximated LFU.
  1129  # volatile-random -> Remove a random key having an expire set.
  1130  # allkeys-random -> Remove a random key, any key.
  1131  # volatile-ttl -> Remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
  1132  # noeviction -> Don't evict anything, just return an error on write operations.
┌──[root@vms153.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$

具体的描述

volatile-lru -> 向redis中存入数据时，数据已满，则会在设置了TTL过期时间的变量中选择，删除最近最少使用的key,用于存放新的key;
allkeys-lru -> 向redis中存入数据时，数据已满，则会在所有的变量中选择，删除最近最少使用的key,用于存放新的key;
volatile-lfu -> 向redis中存入数据时，数据已满，则会在设置了TTL过期时间的变量中选择，删除使用频率最少的key,用于存放新的key;
allkeys-lfu -> 向redis中存入数据时，数据已满，则会在所有的变量中选择，删除使用频率最少的key,用于存放新的key;
volatile-random -> 向redis中存入数据时，数据已满，则会在设置了TTL过期时间的变量中选择，随机删除key,用于存放新的key;
allkeys-random -> 向redis中存入数据时，数据已满，则会在所有的变量中选择，随机删除key,用于存放新的key;
volatile-ttl -> 向redis中存入数据时，数据已满，删除最近过期的key;
noeviction -> 向redis中存入数据时，数据已满，显示报错提示；

自动化部署 ansible Redis 角色编写

初始化一个角色

┌──[root@vms152.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ansible-galaxy init  ansible-role-redis --init-path=roles
- Role ansible-role-redis was created successfully
┌──[root@vms152.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ansible-galaxy list
# /root/roles
- ansible-role-redis, (unknown version)
┌──[root@vms152.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$

yum 源问题，这里安装 redis 3 的版本,主任务文件

主任务yaml文件编写

┌──[root@vms152.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/roles]
└─$cat ansible-role-redis/tasks/main.yml
---
# tasks file for ansible-role-redis
- name: Ensure Redis is installed.
  package:
    name: "{{ redis_package }}"
    state: present
    enablerepo: "{{ redis_enablerepo | default(omit, true) }}"


- name: Create a directory redis data
  file:
    path: "{{ redis_dbdir }}"
    state: directory
    mode: '0755'


- name: Ensure Redis configuration dir exists.
  file:
    path: "{{ redis_conf_path | dirname }}"
    state: directory
    mode: 0755


- name: Ensure Redis is configured.
  template:
    src: redis.conf.j2
    dest: "{{ redis_conf_path }}"
    mode: "{{ redis_conf_mode }}"
  notify: restart redis


- name: Ensure Redis is running and enabled on boot.
  service:
    name: "{{ redis_daemon }}"
    state: started
    enabled: yes

配置文件模板编写

┌──[root@vms152.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/roles]
└─$cat ansible-role-redis/templates/redis.conf.j2
# {{ ansible_managed }}

# 是否守护进程
daemonize yes
# Pid 文件位置
pidfile /var/run/redis/{{ redis_daemon }}.pid
# 端口
port {{ redis_port }}
# 指定 监听的地址
bind {{ redis_bind_interface }}

# 指定Unix套接字的路径
{% if redis_unixsocket %}
unixsocket {{ redis_unixsocket }}
{% endif %}

# 在客户闲置N秒后关闭连接（0表示禁用）
timeout {{ redis_timeout }}

# 日志级别和文件位置
loglevel {{ redis_loglevel }}
logfile {{ redis_logfile }}

# To enable logging to the system logger, just set 'syslog-enabled' to yes,
# and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.
# syslog-enabled no
# syslog-ident redis
# syslog-facility local0

# 数据库个数
databases {{ redis_databases }}

# 写入磁盘配置
{% for save in redis_save %}
save {{ save }}
{% endfor %}


rdbcompression {{ redis_rdbcompression }}
dbfilename {{ redis_dbfilename }}
dir {{ redis_dbdir }}

# maxclients 128

# 内存大小，淘汰策略，对应Key的模板个数

{% if redis_maxmemory %}
maxmemory {{ redis_maxmemory }}
maxmemory-policy {{ redis_maxmemory_policy }}
maxmemory-samples {{ redis_maxmemory_samples }}
{% endif %}

# 开启 AOF 持久化，持久化频率。是否考虑缓存
appendonly {{ redis_appendonly }}
appendfsync {{ redis_appendfsync }}
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no

# 包含的配文件
{% for include in redis_includes %}
include {{ include }}
{% endfor %}

# 密码配置
{% if redis_requirepass %}
requirepass {{ redis_requirepass }}
{% endif %}

# 命令从命令
{% for redis_disabled_command in redis_disabled_commands %}
rename-command {{ redis_disabled_command }} ""
{% endfor %}
#
{{ redis_extra_config }}
┌──[root@vms152.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/roles]
└─$

默认变量设置

┌──[root@vms152.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/roles]
└─$cat ansible-role-redis/defaults/main.yml
---
redis_package: redis
redis_daemon: redis
redis_conf_path: /etc/redis.conf
redis_conf_mode: 0644
redis_enablerepo: epel

redis_port: 6379
redis_bind_interface: 127.0.0.1
redis_unixsocket: ''
redis_timeout: 300

redis_loglevel: "notice"
redis_logfile: /var/log/redis/redis-server.log

redis_databases: 16

# Set to an empty set to disable persistence (saving the DB to disk).
redis_save:
  - 900 1
  - 300 10
  - 60 10000

redis_rdbcompression: "yes"
redis_dbfilename: dump.rdb
redis_dbdir: /var/lib/redis

redis_maxmemory: 0
redis_maxmemory_policy: "noeviction"
redis_maxmemory_samples: 5

redis_appendonly: "no"
redis_appendfsync: "everysec"
# Add extra include files for local configuration/overrides.
redis_includes: []

# Require authentication to Redis with a password.
redis_requirepass: ""

# Disable certain Redis commands for security reasons.
redis_disabled_commands: []
#  - FLUSHDB
#  - FLUSHALL
#  - KEYSls
#  - PEXPIRE
#  - DEL
#  - CONFIG
#  - SHUTDOWN
#  - BGREWRITEAOF
#  - BGSAVE
#  - SAVE
#  - SPOP
#  - SREM
#  - RENAME
#  - DEBUG

redis_extra_config: ""

┌──[root@vms152.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/roles]
└─$

handle 处理器编写

┌──[root@vms152.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/roles]
└─$cat ansible-role-redis/handlers/main.yml
---
# handlers file for ansible-role-redis
- name: restart redis
  service:
     name: "{{ redis_daemon }}"
     state: restarted
┌──[root@vms152.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/roles]
└─$

测试角色

测试剧本yaml文件

┌──[root@vms152.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$cat redistest.yaml
---
- hosts: localhost
  roles:
    - ansible-role-redis

运行角色

┌──[root@vms152.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ansible-playbook redistest.yaml

PLAY [localhost] **************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************
ok: [localhost]

TASK [ansible-role-redis : Ensure Redis is installed.] ************************************************
changed: [localhost]

TASK [ansible-role-redis : Create a directory redis data] *********************************************
changed: [localhost]

TASK [ansible-role-redis : Ensure Redis configuration dir exists.] ************************************
ok: [localhost]

TASK [ansible-role-redis : Ensure Redis is configured.] ***********************************************
changed: [localhost]

TASK [ansible-role-redis : Ensure Redis is running and enabled on boot.] ******************************
changed: [localhost]

RUNNING HANDLER [ansible-role-redis : restart redis] **************************************************
changed: [localhost]

PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************
localhost                  : ok=7    changed=5    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

查看运行状态

┌──[root@vms152.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$systemctl status redis
● redis.service - Redis persistent key-value database
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/redis.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
  Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/redis.service.d
           └─limit.conf
   Active: active (running) since 日 2022-11-06 23:44:47 CST; 6s ago
  Process: 86146 ExecStop=/usr/libexec/redis-shutdown (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 86161 (redis-server)
   CGroup: /system.slice/redis.service
           └─86161 /usr/bin/redis-server 127.0.0.1:6379

11月 06 23:44:47 vms152.liruilongs.github.io systemd[1]: Stopped Redis persistent key-value database.
11月 06 23:44:47 vms152.liruilongs.github.io systemd[1]: Starting Redis persistent key-value data.....
11月 06 23:44:47 vms152.liruilongs.github.io systemd[1]: Started Redis persistent key-value database.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
┌──[root@vms152.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$

时间关系，通过源码安装的角色这里没有完成，下面是安装的剧本编写，感兴趣小伙伴可以研究下

┌──[root@vms152.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/roles/ansible-role-redis/tasks]
└─$cat install_Compile.yaml
---
# tasks file for ansible-role-redis
- name:  Download redis to  dir  /tmp
  get_url:
     url: https://download.redis.io/redis-stable.tar.gz
     dest: /tmp/
     mode: 777
     force: yes

- name: Extract archive
  unarchive:
  # 2.9 version
  # src: https://download.redis.io/redis-stable.tar.gz
    src: /tmp/redis-stable.tar.gz
    dest: /tmp/
  # remote_src: yes
    remote_src: no

- name: Dependency Package Install
  yum:
    name:
      - gcc
      - systemd-devel
    state: present

- name: Compile and install redis
  shell: 'cd /tmp/redis-stable/;make USE_SYSTEMD=yes  && make  install'

- name: delete redis-stable.tar.gz
  file:
    path: "{{ item }}"
    state: absent
  loop:
    - /tmp/redis-stable
    - /tmp/redis-stable.tar.gz
    。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。

博文参考

https://github.com/geerlingguy/ansible-role-redis

https://redis.io/docs/

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/386562883?utm_id=0

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