Unity 实现一个分数系统
【摘要】
项目中经常遇到分数统计的需求，例如我们执行了某项操作或做了某个题目，操作正确则计分，相反则不计分失去该项分数，为了应对需求需要一个分数统计系统。
首先定义一个分数信息的数据结构，使用Serializable特性使其可序列化：
using System;using UnityEngine; namespace SK.Framework...
项目中经常遇到分数统计的需求，例如我们执行了某项操作或做了某个题目，操作正确则计分，相反则不计分失去该项分数，为了应对需求需要一个分数统计系统。
首先定义一个分数信息的数据结构，使用Serializable特性使其可序列化：
-
using System;
-
using UnityEngine;
-
-
namespace SK.Framework
-
{
-
/// <summary>
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/// 分数信息
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/// </summary>
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[Serializable]
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public class ScoreInfo
-
{
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/// <summary>
-
/// ID
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/// </summary>
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public int id;
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/// <summary>
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/// 描述
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/// </summary>
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[TextArea]
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public string description;
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/// <summary>
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/// 分值
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/// </summary>
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public float value;
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}
-
}
ScoreInfo类可序列化后，创建ScoreProfile类继承ScriptableObject使其作为可通过菜单创建的Asset资产：
-
using UnityEngine;
-
-
namespace SK.Framework
-
{
-
/// <summary>
-
/// 分数配置文件
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/// </summary>
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[CreateAssetMenu]
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public class ScoreProfile : ScriptableObject
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{
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public ScoreInfo[] scores = new ScoreInfo[0];
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}
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}
使用ScoreIDConstant类编写所有分数项ID常量，创建ScoreID特性并使用PropertyDrawer使其可在面板选择：
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namespace SK.Framework
-
{
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public sealed class ScoreIDConstant
-
{
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public const int INVALID = -1;
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}
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}
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using UnityEngine;
-
-
#if UNITY_EDITOR
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using UnityEditor;
-
using System;
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using System.Reflection;
-
using System.Collections;
-
#endif
-
-
namespace SK.Framework
-
{
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public class ScoreIDAttribute : PropertyAttribute { }
-
-
#if UNITY_EDITOR
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[CustomPropertyDrawer(typeof(ScoreIDAttribute))]
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public class ScoreIDPropertyAttributeDrawer : PropertyDrawer
-
{
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private int[] scoreIDArray;
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private GUIContent[] scoreIDConstArray;
-
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public override float GetPropertyHeight(SerializedProperty property, GUIContent label)
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{
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return base.GetPropertyHeight(property, label);
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}
-
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public override void OnGUI(Rect position, SerializedProperty property, GUIContent label)
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{
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if (scoreIDConstArray == null)
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{
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ArrayList constants = new ArrayList();
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FieldInfo[] fieldInfos = typeof(ScoreIDConstant).GetFields(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy);
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for (int i = 0; i < fieldInfos.Length; i++)
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{
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var fi = fieldInfos[i];
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if (fi.IsLiteral && !fi.IsInitOnly) constants.Add(fi);
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}
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FieldInfo[] fieldInfoArray = (FieldInfo[])constants.ToArray(typeof(FieldInfo));
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scoreIDArray = new int[fieldInfoArray.Length];
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scoreIDConstArray = new GUIContent[fieldInfoArray.Length];
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for (int i = 0; i < fieldInfoArray.Length; i++)
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{
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scoreIDConstArray[i] = new GUIContent(fieldInfoArray[i].Name);
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scoreIDArray[i] = (int)fieldInfoArray[i].GetValue(null);
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}
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}
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var index = Array.IndexOf(scoreIDArray, property.intValue);
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index = Mathf.Clamp(index, 0, scoreIDArray.Length);
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index = EditorGUI.Popup(position, label, index, scoreIDConstArray);
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property.intValue = scoreIDArray[index];
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}
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}
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#endif
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}
有了ScoreID特性后，用于ScoreInfo中的id字段：
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using System;
-
using UnityEngine;
-
-
namespace SK.Framework
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{
-
/// <summary>
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/// 分数信息
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/// </summary>
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[Serializable]
-
public class ScoreInfo
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{
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/// <summary>
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/// ID
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/// </summary>
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[ScoreID]
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public int id;
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/// <summary>
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/// 描述
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/// </summary>
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[TextArea]
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public string description;
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/// <summary>
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/// 分值
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/// </summary>
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public float value;
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}
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}
数据可配置后，创建分数项Score类，声明以下字段：Flag表示该分数项的标识，注册分数项时返回该标识，用于后续获取或取消该分数项分值；Description即分数项的描述；Value表示该分数项的分值；IsObtained用于标记该分数项的分值是否已经获得。
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namespace SK.Framework
-
{
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/// <summary>
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/// 分数项
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/// </summary>
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public class Score
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{
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/// <summary>
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/// 标识
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/// </summary>
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public string Flag { get; private set; }
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/// <summary>
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/// 描述
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/// </summary>
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public string Description { get; private set; }
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/// <summary>
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/// 分值
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/// </summary>
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public float Value { get; private set; }
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/// <summary>
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/// 是否已经获得分值
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/// </summary>
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public bool IsObtained { get; set; }
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public Score(string flag, string description, float value)
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{
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Flag = flag;
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Description = description;
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Value = value;
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}
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}
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}
为了实现一个分数组合，例如某项操作，通过A操作方式可获得5分，通过B操作方式可获得3分，它们之间是互斥的，即获得了前者的5分，就不会获得后者的3分，创建ScoreGroup类：
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using System.Collections.Generic;
-
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namespace SK.Framework
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{
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/// <summary>
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/// 分数组合
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/// </summary>
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public class ScoreGroup
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{
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/// <summary>
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/// 组合描述
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/// </summary>
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public string Description { get; private set; }
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/// <summary>
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/// 计分模式
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/// Additive表示组合内分值进行累加
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/// MutuallyExclusive表示组内各分数项互斥 获得其中一项分值 则取消其它项分值
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/// </summary>
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public ValueMode ValueMode { get; private set; }
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public List<Score> Scores { get; private set; }
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public ScoreGroup(string description, ValueMode valueMode, params Score[] scores)
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{
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Description = description;
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ValueMode = valueMode;
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Scores = new List<Score>(scores);
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}
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public bool Obtain(string flag)
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{
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var target = Scores.Find(m => m.Flag == flag);
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if (target != null)
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{
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switch (ValueMode)
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{
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case ValueMode.Additive: target.IsObtained = true; break;
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case ValueMode.MutuallyExclusive:
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for (int i = 0; i < Scores.Count; i++)
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{
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Scores[i].IsObtained = Scores[i] == target;
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}
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break;
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default: break;
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}
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if (ScoreMaster.DebugMode)
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{
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ScoreMaster.LogInfo($"获取分数组合 [{Description}] 中标识为 [{flag}] 的分值 [{target.Description}]");
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}
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return true;
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}
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if (ScoreMaster.DebugMode)
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{
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ScoreMaster.LogError($"分数组合 [{Description}] 中不存在标识为 [{flag}] 的分数项.");
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}
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return false;
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}
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public bool Cancle(string flag)
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{
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var target = Scores.Find(m => m.Flag == flag);
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if (target != null)
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{
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if (ScoreMaster.DebugMode)
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{
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ScoreMaster.LogInfo($"取消分数组合 [{Description}] 中标识为 [{flag}] 的分数项分值 [{target.Description}]");
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}
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target.IsObtained = false;
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return true;
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}
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if (ScoreMaster.DebugMode)
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{
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ScoreMaster.LogError($"分数组合 [{Description}] 中不存在标识为 [{flag}] 的分数项.");
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}
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return false;
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}
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}
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}
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namespace SK.Framework
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{
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/// <summary>
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/// 计分方式
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/// </summary>
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public enum ValueMode
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{
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/// <summary>
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/// 累加的
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/// </summary>
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Additive,
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/// <summary>
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/// 互斥的
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/// </summary>
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MutuallyExclusive,
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}
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}
最终编写分数管理类，封装Create、Obtain、Cancle、GetSum函数，分别用于创建分数组合、获取分数、取消分数、获取总分，实现Editor类使分数信息在Inspector面板可视化：
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using System;
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using UnityEngine;
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using System.Collections.Generic;
-
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#if UNITY_EDITOR
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using UnityEditor;
-
using System.Reflection;
-
#endif
-
-
namespace SK.Framework
-
{
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public class ScoreMaster : MonoBehaviour
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{
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#region NonPublic Variables
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private static ScoreMaster instance;
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[SerializeField] private ScoreProfile profile;
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private readonly Dictionary<string, ScoreGroup> groups = new Dictionary<string, ScoreGroup>();
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#endregion
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#region Public Properties
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public static ScoreMaster Instance
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{
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get
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{
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if (instance == null)
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{
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instance = FindObjectOfType<ScoreMaster>();
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}
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if (instance == null)
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{
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instance = new GameObject("[SKFramework.Score]").AddComponent<ScoreMaster>();
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instance.profile = Resources.Load<ScoreProfile>("Score Profile");
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if (instance.profile == null && DebugMode)
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{
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LogError("加载分数信息配置表失败.");
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}
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}
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return instance;
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}
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}
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#endregion
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#region NonPublic Methods
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private string[] CreateScore(string description, ValueMode valueMode, params int[] idArray)
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{
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Score[] scores = new Score[idArray.Length];
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string[] flags = new string[idArray.Length];
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for (int i = 0; i < idArray.Length; i++)
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{
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var info = Array.Find(profile.scores, m => m.id == idArray[i]);
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if (info != null)
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{
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var flag = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
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flags[i] = flag;
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scores[i] = new Score(flag, info.description, info.value);
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if (DebugMode) LogInfo($"创建分数ID为 [{idArray[i]}] 的分数项 [{info.description}] flag: {flag}");
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}
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else if (DebugMode)
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{
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LogError($"配置中不存在ID为 [{idArray[i]}] 的分数信息.");
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}
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}
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ScoreGroup group = new ScoreGroup(description, valueMode, scores);
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groups.Add(description, group);
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if (DebugMode)
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{
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LogInfo($"创建分数组合 [{description}] 计分模式[{valueMode}]");
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}
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return flags;
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}
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private bool ObtainValue(string groupDescription, string flag)
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{
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if (groups.TryGetValue(groupDescription, out ScoreGroup target))
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{
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return target.Obtain(flag);
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}
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if (DebugMode)
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{
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LogError($"不存在分数组合 [{groupDescription}].");
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}
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return false;
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}
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private bool CancleValue(string groupDescription, string flag)
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{
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if (groups.TryGetValue(groupDescription, out ScoreGroup target))
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{
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return target.Cancle(flag);
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}
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if (DebugMode)
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{
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LogError($"不存在分数组合 [{groupDescription}].");
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}
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return false;
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}
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private float GetSumValue()
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{
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float retV = 0f;
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foreach (var kv in groups)
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{
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var scores = kv.Value.Scores;
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for (int i = 0; i < scores.Count; i++)
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{
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var score = scores[i];
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if (score.IsObtained)
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{
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retV += score.Value;
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}
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}
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}
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return retV;
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}
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#endregion
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#region Public Methods
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/// <summary>
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/// 创建分数组合
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="description">分数组合描述</param>
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/// <param name="valueMode">分数组计分方式</param>
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/// <param name="idArray">分数信息ID组合</param>
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/// <returns>返回分数项标识符组合</returns>
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public static string[] Create(string description, ValueMode valueMode, params int[] idArray)
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{
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return Instance.CreateScore(description, valueMode, idArray);
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 获取分数组合中指定标识分数项的分值
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="groupDescription">分数组合</param>
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/// <param name="flag">分数项标识</param>
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/// <returns>获取成功返回true 否则返回false</returns>
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public static bool Obtain(string groupDescription, string flag)
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{
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return Instance.ObtainValue(groupDescription, flag);
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 取消分数组合中指定标识分数项的分值
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="groupDescription">分数组合</param>
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/// <param name="flag">分数项标识</param>
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/// <returns></returns>
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public static bool Cancle(string groupDescription, string flag)
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{
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return Instance.CancleValue(groupDescription, flag);
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 获取总分值
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/// </summary>
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/// <returns>总分值</returns>
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public static float GetSum()
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{
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return Instance.GetSumValue();
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}
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#endregion
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#region Debugger
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public static bool DebugMode = true;
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public static void LogInfo(string info)
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{
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Debug.Log($"<color=cyan><b>[SKFramework.Score.Info]</b></color> --> {info}");
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}
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public static void LogWarn(string warn)
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{
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Debug.Log($"<color=yellow><b>[SKFramework.Score.Warn]</b></color> --> {warn}");
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}
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public static void LogError(string error)
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{
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Debug.Log($"<color=red><b>[SKFramework.Score.Error]</b></color> --> {error}");
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}
-
#endregion
-
}
-
-
#if UNITY_EDITOR
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[CustomEditor(typeof(ScoreMaster))]
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public class ScoreMasterInspector : Editor
-
{
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private SerializedProperty profile;
-
private Dictionary<string, ScoreGroup> groups;
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private Dictionary<ScoreGroup, bool> groupFoldout;
-
-
private void OnEnable()
-
{
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profile = serializedObject.FindProperty("profile");
-
}
-
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public override void OnInspectorGUI()
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{
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EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(profile);
-
if (GUI.changed)
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{
-
serializedObject.ApplyModifiedProperties();
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EditorUtility.SetDirty(target);
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}
-
-
if (!Application.isPlaying) return;
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Color color = GUI.color;
-
GUI.color = Color.cyan;
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OnRuntimeGUI();
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GUI.color = color;
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}
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private void OnRuntimeGUI()
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{
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if (groupFoldout == null)
-
{
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groups = typeof(ScoreMaster).GetField("groups", BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic)
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.GetValue(ScoreMaster.Instance) as Dictionary<string, ScoreGroup>;
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groupFoldout = new Dictionary<ScoreGroup, bool>();
-
}
-
-
foreach (var kv in groups)
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{
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if (!groupFoldout.ContainsKey(kv.Value))
-
{
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groupFoldout.Add(kv.Value, false);
-
}
-
-
ScoreGroup group = kv.Value;
-
groupFoldout[group] = EditorGUILayout.Foldout(groupFoldout[group], group.Description);
-
if (groupFoldout[group])
-
{
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GUILayout.Label($"计分模式： {(group.ValueMode == ValueMode.Additive ? "累加" : "互斥")}");
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for (int i = 0; i < group.Scores.Count; i++)
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{
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Score score = group.Scores[i];
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GUILayout.BeginVertical("Box");
-
GUI.color = score.IsObtained ? Color.green : Color.cyan;
-
GUILayout.Label($"描述： {score.Description}");
-
GUILayout.Label($"标识： {score.Flag}");
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GUILayout.BeginHorizontal();
-
GUILayout.Label($"分值： {score.Value} {(score.IsObtained ? "√" : "")}");
-
GUI.color = Color.cyan;
-
GUILayout.FlexibleSpace();
-
GUI.color = Color.yellow;
-
if (GUILayout.Button("Obtain", "ButtonLeft", GUILayout.Width(50f)))
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{
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ScoreMaster.Obtain(group.Description, score.Flag);
-
}
-
if (GUILayout.Button("Cancle", "ButtonRight", GUILayout.Width(50f)))
-
{
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ScoreMaster.Cancle(group.Description, score.Flag);
-
}
-
GUI.color = Color.cyan;
-
GUILayout.EndHorizontal();
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GUILayout.EndVertical();
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
GUILayout.BeginHorizontal();
-
GUILayout.FlexibleSpace();
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GUILayout.Label($"总分： {ScoreMaster.GetSum()}", "LargeLabel");
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GUILayout.Space(50f);
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GUILayout.EndHorizontal();
-
}
-
}
-
#endif
-
}
测试：
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namespace SK.Framework
-
{
-
public sealed class ScoreIDConstant
-
{
-
public const int INVALID = -1;
-
-
public const int TEST_A = 0;
-
public const int TEST_B = 1;
-
public const int TEST_C = 2;
-
public const int TEST_D = 3;
-
}
-
}
-
using UnityEngine;
-
using SK.Framework;
-
-
public class Foo : MonoBehaviour
-
{
-
private string[] flags;
-
-
private void Start()
-
{
-
flags = ScoreMaster.Create("测试", ValueMode.MutuallyExclusive,
-
ScoreIDConstant.TEST_A, ScoreIDConstant.TEST_B,
-
ScoreIDConstant.TEST_C, ScoreIDConstant.TEST_D);
-
}
-
-
private void OnGUI()
-
{
-
if (GUILayout.Button("A", GUILayout.Width(200f), GUILayout.Height(50f)))
-
{
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ScoreMaster.Obtain("测试", flags[0]);
-
}
-
if (GUILayout.Button("B", GUILayout.Width(200f), GUILayout.Height(50f)))
-
{
-
ScoreMaster.Obtain("测试", flags[1]);
-
}
-
if (GUILayout.Button("C", GUILayout.Width(200f), GUILayout.Height(50f)))
-
{
-
ScoreMaster.Obtain("测试", flags[2]);
-
}
-
if (GUILayout.Button("D", GUILayout.Width(200f), GUILayout.Height(50f)))
-
{
-
ScoreMaster.Obtain("测试", flags[3]);
-
}
-
GUILayout.Label($"总分： {ScoreMaster.GetSum()}");
-
}
-
}
文章来源: coderz.blog.csdn.net，作者：CoderZ1010，版权归原作者所有，如需转载，请联系作者。
原文链接：coderz.blog.csdn.net/article/details/121654343
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