如何在 Linux 上安装 AMQP PHP 扩展和 RabbitMQ 客户端

要连接到 RabbitMQ 消息队列服务器，您可以使用各种编程语言编写客户端程序。目前您可以使用 C#、erlang、java、perl、PHP、python 和 ruby​​ 编写客户端。

本教程介绍如何安装和配置 RabbitMQ 客户端库和 AMQP PHP 扩展。
一旦你安装了 AMQP PHP 扩展，你就可以使用 AMQP 编写 PHP 程序，它可以连接到RabbitMQ 服务器来操作消息。

第 1 部分：安装 RabbitMQ 客户端库

1.安装cmake

cmake 是 rabbitmq-c 库使用的开源构建系统。在安装 AMQP PHP 扩展之前，我们需要安装 rabbitmq-c 库。但是，要安装 rabbitmq-c 库，我们需要 cmake。

从cmake 下载页面，向下滚动到 Linux i386 部分并下载 cmake-2.8.10.2-Linux-i386.sh 文件。或者，使用 wget 将其下载到您的系统上。

cd /usr/src
wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.10.2-Linux-i386.sh

执行 cmake-2.8.10.2-Linux-i386.sh 文件，它会在你的当前目录下安装 cmake，如下图所示。

# /bin/sh cmake-2.8.10.2-Linux-i386.sh
Do you accept the license? [yN]: y
By default the CMake will be installed in:
  "/usr/src/cmake-2.8.10.2-Linux-i386"
Do you want to include the subdirectory cmake-2.8.10.2-Linux-i386?
Saying no will install in: "/usr/src" [Yn]: y
Using target directory: /usr/src/cmake-2.8.10.2-Linux-i386
Extracting, please wait...
tar: Read 4096 bytes from -
Unpacking finished successfully

重命名 cmake 目录，并验证 cmake 是否安装正确。

# cd /usr/src
# mv cmake-2.8.10.2-Linux-i386 cmake
# /usr/save/cmake/bin/cmake --version
cmake version 2.8.10.2

2.下载RabbitMQ客户端

首先安装 AMQP PHP 扩展所需的 librabbitmq 库。从rabbitmq-c git repository下载 zip 文件。

cd /usr/src
unzip rabbitmq-c-master.zip
cd rabbitmq-c-master

3.配置RabbitMQ客户端

使用 cmake 配置 rabbitmq 客户端进行安装。确保将 PREFIX 指定为 /usr/local，将安装 rabbitmq 客户端。

# mkdir build
# cd build
# /usr/src/cmake/bin/cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.1.2
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE not specified. Creating Release build
-- Found C inline keyword: inline
-- Looking for getaddrinfo
-- Looking for getaddrinfo - found
-- Looking for socket
-- Looking for socket - found
-- Looking for htonll
-- Looking for htonll - not found
-- Found POPT: /usr/include
-- Could NOT find XMLTO (missing:  XMLTO_EXECUTABLE)
-- Building rabbitmq as a shared library - yes
-- Building rabbitmq as a static library - no
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /usr/save/rabbitmq-c-master/build

4. 安装 RabbitMQ 客户端

配置完成后，使用cmake安装rabbitmq客户端，如下图。这将在 /usr/local 下安装 librabbitmq 库。部分输出如下所示。

#  /usr/src/cmake/bin/cmake --build . --target install
Scanning dependencies of target rabbitmq
[  2%] Building C object librabbitmq/CMakeFiles/rabbitmq.dir/amqp_framing.c.o
[  4%] Building C object librabbitmq/CMakeFiles/rabbitmq.dir/amqp_api.c.o
..
[ 95%] Built target amqp-publish
[ 97%] Building C object tests/CMakeFiles/test_parse_url.dir/test_parse_url.c.o
[100%] Building C object tests/CMakeFiles/test_tables.dir/test_tables.c.o
[100%] Built target test_tables
Install the project...
-- Install configuration: "Release"
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/librabbitmq.pc
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/librabbitmq.so.1.0.1
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/librabbitmq.so.1
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/librabbitmq.so
-- Installing: /usr/local/include/amqp.h
-- Installing: /usr/local/include/amqp_framing.h
-- Installing: /usr/local/bin/amqp-publish
-- Removed runtime path from "/usr/local/bin/amqp-publish"
-- Installing: /usr/local/bin/amqp-get
-- Removed runtime path from "/usr/local/bin/amqp-get"
-- Installing: /usr/local/bin/amqp-consume
-- Removed runtime path from "/usr/local/bin/amqp-consume"
-- Installing: /usr/local/bin/amqp-declare-queue
-- Removed runtime path from "/usr/local/bin/amqp-declare-queue"
-- Installing: /usr/local/bin/amqp-delete-queue
-- Removed runtime path from "/usr/local/bin/amqp-delete-queue"

5.验证RabbitMQ客户端

该库附带一个示例程序，您可以使用它来验证它是否按预期工作。

从终端执行以下操作。这将处于等待状态。

# cd /usr/src/rabbitmq-c-master/build
# ./examples/amqp_listen localhost 5672 amq.direct test

打开另一个 rterminal，然后执行以下操作。这将向队列发送“hello world”消息。

# cd /usr/src/rabbitmq-c-master/build
# ./examples/amqp_sendstring localhost 5672 amq.direct test "hello world"

现在回到第一个处于等待状态的终端，您现在将看到如下所示的“hello world”消息。

# ./examples/amqp_listen localhost 5672 amq.direct test
Result 0
Frame type 1, channel 1
Method AMQP_BASIC_DELIVER_METHOD
Delivery 1, exchange amq.direct routingkey test
Content-type: text/plain
----
00000000: 68 65 6C 6C 6F 20 77 6F : 72 6C 64                 hello world
0000000B:

第 2 部分：安装 AMQP PHP 扩展

您可以使用 pecl 安装 amqp，也可以从源代码编译。

要使用 pecl 安装，只需执行以下操作：

# pecl search amqp
amqp    1.0.9/(1.0.9 stable)       Communicate with any AMQP compliant server

# pecl install amqp

要从源代码安装（我更喜欢），请按照以下步骤操作。

6.下载AMQP PHP扩展

下载AMQP PHP 扩展的最新稳定版本。当前稳定版本为 1.0.10

cd /usr/src
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/amqp-1.0.10.tgz
tar xvfz amqp-1.0.10.tgz
cd amqp-1.0.9

7.配置AMQP

执行phpize并配置如下图。

# phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version:         20090626
Zend Module Api No:      20090626
Zend Extension Api No:   220090626

# ./configure --with-amqp
checking for egrep... grep -E
checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sed
..
creating libtool
appending configuration tag "CXX" to libtool
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating config.h

8. 安装 AMQP

使用 make 和 make install 安装 AMQP，如下所示。显示部分输出。

# make
..
creating amqp.la
(cd .libs && rm -f amqp.la && ln -s ../amqp.la amqp.la)
/bin/sh /usr/save/amqp-1.0.9/libtool --mode=install 
cp ./amqp.la /usr/save/amqp-1.0.9/modules
cp ./.libs/amqp.so /usr/save/amqp-1.0.9/modules/amqp.so
cp ./.libs/amqp.lai /usr/save/amqp-1.0.9/modules/amqp.la
PATH="$PATH:/sbin" ldconfig -n /usr/save/amqp-1.0.9/modules
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Libraries have been installed in:
   /usr/save/amqp-1.0.9/modules

If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries
in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and
specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR'
flag during linking and do at least one of the following:
   - add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable
     during execution
   - add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable
     during linking
   - use the `-Wl,--rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag
   - have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf'

See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Build complete.

# make install
Installing shared extensions: 
/usr/local/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/
..
You should add "extension=amqp.so" to php.ini

9.修改php.ini，添加AMQP Extension

在您的系统上找到 php.ini 文件并将以下行添加到其中。

# vi /usr/local/lib/php.ini
extension=amqp.so

10. 验证 AMQP PHP 扩展

创建以下将显示 phpinfo 的测试页面，并将其放在 Apache 的 htdocs 下。

# vi /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/test.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>

现在，如果您从浏览器调用 test.php，您将看到 AMQP PHP 扩展显示在页面上，如下所示。现在，您可以在 PHP 代码中编写 AMQP 调用来与 RabbitMQ 服务器通信。