Pb协议的接口测试

Protocol Buffers 是谷歌开源的序列化与反序列化框架。它与语言无关、平台无关、具有可扩展的机制。用于序列化结构化数据，此工具对标 XML ，支持自动编码，解码。比 XML 性能好，且数据易于解析。更多有关工具的介绍可参考官网。

Protocol Buffers官网：https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers

Protocol Buffers 为跨平台设计，以 Python 为例，使用者配置 .proto 文件，利用 Protocol Buffers 工具即可生成 Python 代码，此代码就是使用者想要的数据结构。

如果编程语言换成了 Java ，使用者可使用相同的 .proto 文件，利用 Protocol Buffers 工具生成 Java 代码，此代码可被 Java 进行解析。

这么做的好处是可以跨语言交流，试想 Java 与 Python 间的数据通信，只需要利用 .proto 确定格式，就可随心编程，这个过程惬意无比。基于 Protocol Buffers 的测试也无比舒服。

你可选择自己的语言进行测试，比如 Python 。由于数据格式基于 .proto 配置文件，获取到这个文件即可生成数据类，比如下述 .proto 内容通过 protoc --python_out=./ ./addressbook.proto 命令即可生成 addressbook_pb2.py 文件：

syntax = "proto2";

package tutorial;

message Person {
  optional string name = 1;
    optional int32 id = 2;
      optional string email = 3;
      
        enum PhoneType {
            MOBILE = 0;
                HOME = 1;
                    WORK = 2;
                      }
                      
                        message PhoneNumber {
                            optional string number = 1;
                                optional PhoneType type = 2 [default = HOME];
                                  }
                                  
                                    repeated PhoneNumber phones = 4;
                                    }
                                    
                                    message AddressBook {
                                      repeated Person people = 1;
                                      }
                                      
                                      ```
                                      
                                      测试人员的代码只需导入 addressbook_pb2 ，对其初始化后即可使用，比如对 Person 的字段加入一些测试值：
                                      ```
                                      import addressbook_pb2
                                      person = addressbook_pb2.Person()
                                      person.id = 1234
                                      person.name = "John Doe"
                                      person.email = "jdoe@example.com"
                                      phone = person.phones.add()
                                      phone.number = "555-4321"
                                      phone.type = addressbook_pb2.Person.HOME
                                      
                                      ```
                                      
                                      最后，将 person 序列化后即可传输到被测对象。如果你的业务采用文件进行数据传输，可参考官方写文件的例子（采用 python2 ）：
                                      ```
                                      #! /usr/bin/python
                                      
                                      import addressbook_pb2
                                      import sys
                                      
                                      # This function fills in a Person message based on user input.
                                      def PromptForAddress(person):
                                        person.id = int(raw_input("Enter person ID number: "))
                                          person.name = raw_input("Enter name: ")
                                          
                                            email = raw_input("Enter email address (blank for none): ")
                                              if email != "":
                                                  person.email = email
                                                  
                                                    while True:
                                                        number = raw_input("Enter a phone number (or leave blank to finish): ")
                                                            if number == "":
                                                                  break
                                                                  
                                                                      phone_number = person.phones.add()
                                                                          phone_number.number = number
                                                                          
                                                                              type = raw_input("Is this a mobile, home, or work phone? ")
                                                                                  if type == "mobile":
                                                                                        phone_number.type = addressbook_pb2.Person.PhoneType.MOBILE
                                                                                            elif type == "home":
                                                                                                  phone_number.type = addressbook_pb2.Person.PhoneType.HOME
                                                                                                      elif type == "work":
                                                                                                            phone_number.type = addressbook_pb2.Person.PhoneType.WORK
                                                                                                                else:
                                                                                                                      print "Unknown phone type; leaving as default value."
                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                      # Main procedure:  Reads the entire address book from a file,
                                                                                                                      #   adds one person based on user input, then writes it back out to the same
                                                                                                                      #   file.
                                                                                                                      if len(sys.argv) != 2:
                                                                                                                        print "Usage:", sys.argv[0], "ADDRESS_BOOK_FILE"
                                                                                                                          sys.exit(-1)
                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                          address_book = addressbook_pb2.AddressBook()
                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                          # Read the existing address book.
                                                                                                                          try:
                                                                                                                            f = open(sys.argv[1], "rb")
                                                                                                                              address_book.ParseFromString(f.read())
                                                                                                                                f.close()
                                                                                                                                except IOError:
                                                                                                                                  print sys.argv[1] + ": Could not open file.  Creating a new one."
                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  # Add an address.
                                                                                                                                  PromptForAddress(address_book.people.add())
                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  # Write the new address book back to disk.
                                                                                                                                  f = open(sys.argv[1], "wb")
                                                                                                                                  f.write(address_book.SerializeToString())
                                                                                                                                  f.close()
                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  ```
                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  也可从被测对象传来的文件中读数据：
                                                                                                                                  ```
                                                                                                                                  #! /usr/bin/python
                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  import addressbook_pb2
                                                                                                                                  import sys
                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  # Iterates though all people in the AddressBook and prints info about them.
                                                                                                                                  def ListPeople(address_book):
                                                                                                                                    for person in address_book.people:
                                                                                                                                        print "Person ID:", person.id
                                                                                                                                            print "  Name:", person.name
                                                                                                                                                if person.HasField('email'):
                                                                                                                                                      print "  E-mail address:", person.email
                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                                          for phone_number in person.phones:
                                                                                                                                                                if phone_number.type == addressbook_pb2.Person.PhoneType.MOBILE:
                                                                                                                                                                        print "  Mobile phone #: ",
                                                                                                                                                                              elif phone_number.type == addressbook_pb2.Person.PhoneType.HOME:
                                                                                                                                                                                      print "  Home phone #: ",
                                                                                                                                                                                            elif phone_number.type == addressbook_pb2.Person.PhoneType.WORK:
                                                                                                                                                                                                    print "  Work phone #: ",
                                                                                                                                                                                                          print phone_number.number
                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                                                                                          # Main procedure:  Reads the entire address book from a file and prints all
                                                                                                                                                                                                          #   the information inside.
                                                                                                                                                                                                          if len(sys.argv) != 2:
                                                                                                                                                                                                            print "Usage:", sys.argv[0], "ADDRESS_BOOK_FILE"
                                                                                                                                                                                                              sys.exit(-1)
                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                              address_book = addressbook_pb2.AddressBook()
                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                              # Read the existing address book.
                                                                                                                                                                                                              f = open(sys.argv[1], "rb")
                                                                                                                                                                                                              address_book.ParseFromString(f.read())
                                                                                                                                                                                                              f.close()
                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                              ListPeople(address_book)
                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                              ```
                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                              如果数据通过 https 传输，可采用 requests ，其它传输方式同理，请自行查阅数据传输工具。如果测试人员代码与被测对象建立了联系，即可收发测试数据，测试人员对接收到的数据编写测试用例即可。

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