关于 Kubernetes中NetworkPolicy(网络策略)方面的一些笔记
写在前面
- 学习
k8s
遇到整理笔记 - 博文内容主要涉及
Kubernetes网络策略
理论简述K8s
中网络策略方式:egress
和ingress
的Demo
ipBlock
,namespaceSelector
,podSelector
的网络策略规则Demo
混吃等死,小富即安,飞黄腾达,是因为各有各的缘法,未必有高下之分。–—烽火戏诸侯《剑来》
Kubernetes网络策略
为了实现
细粒度的容器间网络访问隔离策略(防火墙)
,Kubernetes从1.3
版本开始,由SIG-Network
小组主导研发了Network Policy
机制,目前已升级为networking.k8s.io/v1
稳定版本。
Network Policy
的主要功能是对Pod
间的网络通信进行限制和准入控制
设置方式为将Pod的Label
作为查询条件,设置允许访问
或禁止访问
的客户端Pod列表
。查询条件可以作用于Pod
和Namespace
级别。
为了使用Network Policy
, Kubernetes
引入了一个新的资源对象NetworkPolicy
,供用户设置Pod间网络访问的策略
。但仅定义一个网络策略
是无法完成实际的网络隔离
的,还需要一个策略控制器(PolicyController)进行策略的实现
。
策略控制器由第三方网络组件提供,目前Calico, Cilium, Kube-router, Romana, Weave Net
等开源项目均支持网络策略的实现。Network Policy
的工作原理如图
policy controller
需要实现一个API Listener
,监听用户设置的NetworkPolicy
定义,并将网络访问规则通过各Node的Agent
进行实际设置(Agent
则需要通过CNI网络插件实现)
网络策略配置说明
网络策略
的设置主要用于对目标Pod
的网络访问进行限制,在默认·情况下对所有Pod都是允许访问
的,在设置了指向Pod的NetworkPolicy网络策略
之后,到Pod的访问才会被限制。 需要注意的是网络策略是基于Pod的
NetWorkPolicy基于命名空间进行限制,即只作用当前命名空间,分为两种:
- ingress:定义允许访问目标Pod的入站白名单规则
- egress: 定义目标Pod允许访问的“出站”白名单规则
具体的规则限制方式分为三种(需要注意的是,多个限制之间是或的逻辑关系,如果希望变成与的关系,yaml文件需要配置为数组):
- IP 策略
- 命名空间策略
- pod选择器限制
下面是一个资源文件的Demo
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: test-network-policy
namespace: default
spec:
podSelector: #用于定义该网络策略作用的Pod范围
matchLabels:
role: db
policyTypes: #网络策略的类型,包括ingress和egress两种
- Ingress
- Egress
ingress: #定义允许访问目标Pod的入站白名单规则
- from: #满足from 条件的客户端才能访问ports定义的目标Pod端口号。
- ipBlock: # IP限制
cidr: 172.17.0.0/16
except: #排除那些IP
- 172.17.1.0/24
- namespaceSelector: #命名空间限制
matchLabels:
project: myproject
- podSelector: # pod选择器限制
matchLabels:
role: frontend
ports: #允许访问的目标Pod监听的端口号。
- protocol: TCP
port: 6379
egress: #定义目标Pod允许访问的“出站”白名单规则
- to: #目标Pod仅允许访问满足to条件的服务端IP范围和ports定义的端口号
- ipBlock:
cidr: 10.0.0.0/24
ports: #允许访问的服务端的端口号。
- protocol: TCP
port: 5978
在Namespace级别设置默认的网络策略
在Namespace级别还可以设置一些默认的全局网络策略,以方便管理员对整个Namespace进行统一的网络策略设置。
默认拒绝所有入站流量
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: default-deny-ingress
spec:
podSelector: {}
policyTypes:
- Ingress
默认允许所有入站流量
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: allow-all-ingress
spec:
podSelector: {}
ingress:
- {}
policyTypes:
- Ingress
默认拒绝所有出站流量
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: default-deny-egress
spec:
podSelector: {}
policyTypes:
- Egress
默认允许所有出站流量
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: allow-all-egress
spec:
podSelector: {}
egress:
- {}
policyTypes:
- Egress
默认拒绝所有入口和所有出站流量
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: default-deny-all
spec:
podSelector: {}
policyTypes:
- Ingress
- Egress
NetworkPolicy的发展
作为一个稳定特性,
SCTP
支持默认是被启用的。 要在集群层面禁用SCTP
,你(或你的集群管理员)需要为API
服务器指定--feature-gates=SCTPSupport=false
,… 来禁用SCTPSupport
特性门控。 启用该特性门控后,用户可以将NetworkPolicy
的protocol
字段设置为SCTP
(不同版本略有区别)
NetWorkPolicy实战
环境准备
先创建两个没有任何策略的SVC
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible]
└─$d=k8s-network-create
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible]
└─$mkdir $d;cd $d
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl create ns liruilong-network-create
namespace/liruilong-network-create created
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl config set-context $(kubectl config current-context) --namespace=liruilong-network-createContext "kubernetes-admin@kubernetes" modified.
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl config view | grep namespace
namespace: liruilong-network-create
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$
我们先构造两个pod,为两个SVC提供能力
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl run pod1 --image=nginx --image-pull-policy=IfNotPresent
pod/pod1 created
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl run pod2 --image=nginx --image-pull-policy=IfNotPresent
pod/pod2 created
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
pod1 1/1 Running 0 35s 10.244.70.31 vms83.liruilongs.github.io <none> <none>
pod2 1/1 Running 0 21s 10.244.171.181 vms82.liruilongs.github.io <none> <none>
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$
然后我们分别修改pod中Ngixn容器主页
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl get pods --show-labels
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS
pod1 1/1 Running 0 100s run=pod1
pod2 1/1 Running 0 86s run=pod2
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl exec -it pod1 -- sh -c "echo pod1 >/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html"
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl exec -it pod2 -- sh -c "echo pod2 >/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html"
创建两个SVC
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl expose --name=svc1 pod pod1 --port=80 --type=LoadBalancer
service/svc1 exposed
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl expose --name=svc2 pod pod2 --port=80 --type=LoadBalancer
service/svc2 exposed
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
svc1 LoadBalancer 10.106.61.84 192.168.26.240 80:30735/TCP 14s
svc2 LoadBalancer 10.111.123.194 192.168.26.241 80:31034/TCP 5s
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$
访问测试,无论在当前命名空间还是在指定命名空间,都可以相互访问
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl run testpod1 -it --rm --image=yauritux/busybox-curl --image-pull-policy=IfNotPresent
If you don''t see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/home # curl svc1
pod1
/home # curl svc2
pod2
/home # exit
指定命名空间
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl run testpod2 -it --rm --image=yauritux/busybox-curl --image-pull-policy=IfNotPresent -n default
If you don''t see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/home # curl svc1.liruilong-network-create
pod1
/home # curl svc2.liruilong-network-create
pod2
/home #
由于使用了LB,所以物理机也可以访问
PS E:\docker> curl 192.168.26.240
StatusCode : 200
StatusDescription : OK
Content : pod1
RawContent : HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Connection: keep-alive
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 5
Content-Type: text/html
Date: Mon, 03 Jan 2022 12:29:32 GMT
ETag: "61d27744-5"
Last-Modified: Mon, 03 Jan 2022 04:1...
Forms : {}
Headers : {[Connection, keep-alive], [Accept-Ranges, bytes], [Content-Lengt
h, 5], [Content-Type, text/html]...}
Images : {}
InputFields : {}
Links : {}
ParsedHtml : System.__ComObject
RawContentLength : 5
PS E:\docker> curl 192.168.26.241
StatusCode : 200
StatusDescription : OK
Content : pod2
RawContent : HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Connection: keep-alive
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 5
Content-Type: text/html
Date: Mon, 03 Jan 2022 12:29:49 GMT
ETag: "61d27752-5"
Last-Modified: Mon, 03 Jan 2022 04:1...
Forms : {}
Headers : {[Connection, keep-alive], [Accept-Ranges, bytes], [Content-Lengt
h, 5], [Content-Type, text/html]...}
Images : {}
InputFields : {}
Links : {}
ParsedHtml : System.__ComObject
RawContentLength : 5
PS E:\docker>
进入策略
下面我们看一下进入的策略
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl get pods --show-labels
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS
pod1 1/1 Running 2 (3d12h ago) 5d9h run=pod1
pod2 1/1 Running 2 (3d12h ago) 5d9h run=pod2
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl get svc -o wide
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR
svc1 LoadBalancer 10.106.61.84 192.168.26.240 80:30735/TCP 5d9h run=pod1
svc2 LoadBalancer 10.111.123.194 192.168.26.241 80:31034/TCP 5d9h run=pod2
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$
测试的外部物理机机器IP
PS E:\docker> ipconfig
Windows IP 配置
..........
以太网适配器 VMware Network Adapter VMnet8:
连接特定的 DNS 后缀 . . . . . . . :
本地链接 IPv6 地址. . . . . . . . : fe80::f9c8:e941:4deb:698f%24
IPv4 地址 . . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.26.1
子网掩码 . . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
默认网关. . . . . . . . . . . . . :
IP限制
我们通过修改ip限制来演示网路策略,通过宿主机所在物理机访问。当设置指定网段可以访问,不是指定网段不可以访问
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$vim networkpolicy.yaml
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl apply -f networkpolicy.yaml
networkpolicy.networking.k8s.io/test-network-policy configured
编写资源文件,允许172.17.0.0/16
网段的机器访问
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: test-network-policy
namespace: liruilong-network-create
spec:
podSelector:
matchLabels:
run: pod1
policyTypes:
- Ingress
ingress:
- from:
- ipBlock:
cidr: 172.17.0.0/16 # 只允许这个网段访问
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
集群外部机器无法访问
PS E:\docker> curl 192.168.26.240
curl : 无法连接到远程服务器
所在位置 行:1 字符: 1
+ curl 192.168.26.240
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo : InvalidOperation: (System.Net.HttpWebRequest:HttpWebRequest) [Invoke-WebRequest],WebExce
ption
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : WebCmdletWebResponseException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.InvokeWebRequestCommand
配置允许当前网段的ip访问
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: test-network-policy
namespace: liruilong-network-create
spec:
podSelector:
matchLabels:
run: pod1
policyTypes:
- Ingress
ingress:
- from:
- ipBlock:
cidr: 192.168.26.0/24 # 只允许这个网段访问
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
修改网段之后正常外部机器可以访问
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$sed -i 's#172.17.0.0/16#192.168.26.0/24#' networkpolicy.yaml
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl apply -f networkpolicy.yaml
测试,外部机器可以访问
PS E:\docker> curl 192.168.26.240
StatusCode : 200
StatusDescription : OK
Content : pod1
RawContent : HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Connection: keep-alive
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 5
Content-Type: text/html
Date: Sat, 08 Jan 2022 14:59:13 GMT
ETag: "61d9a663-5"
Last-Modified: Sat, 08 Jan 2022 14:5...
Forms : {}
Headers : {[Connection, keep-alive], [Accept-Ranges, bytes], [Content-Length, 5], [Content-T
ype, text/html]...}
Images : {}
InputFields : {}
Links : {}
ParsedHtml : System.__ComObject
RawContentLength : 5
命名空间限制
设置只允许default命名空间的数据通过
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl get ns --show-labels | grep default
default Active 26d kubernetes.io/metadata.name=default
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$vim networkpolicy-name.yaml
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl apply -f networkpolicy-name.yaml
networkpolicy.networking.k8s.io/test-network-policy configured
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: test-network-policy
namespace: liruilong-network-create
spec:
podSelector:
matchLabels:
run: pod1
policyTypes:
- Ingress
ingress:
- from:
- namespaceSelector:
matchLabels:
kubernetes.io/metadata.name: default
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
宿主机所在物理机无法访问访问
PS E:\docker> curl 192.168.26.240
curl : 无法连接到远程服务器
所在位置 行:1 字符: 1
+ curl 192.168.26.240
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo : InvalidOperation: (System.Net.HttpWebRequest:HttpWebRequest) [Invoke-WebR
equest],WebException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : WebCmdletWebResponseException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.InvokeWebRequ
estCommand
PS E:\docker>
当前命名空间也无法访问
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl run testpod1 -it --rm --image=yauritux/busybox-curl --image-pull-policy=IfNotPresent
/home # curl --connect-timeout 10 -m 10 svc1
curl: (28) Connection timed out after 10413 milliseconds
default命名空间可以访问
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl run testpod1 -it --rm --image=yauritux/busybox-curl --image-pull-policy=IfNotPresent --namespace=default
/home # curl --connect-timeout 10 -m 10 svc1.liruilong-network-create
pod1
/home #
pod选择器限制
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: test-network-policy
namespace: liruilong-network-create
spec:
podSelector:
matchLabels:
run: pod1
policyTypes:
- Ingress
ingress:
- from:
- podSelector:
matchLabels:
run: testpod
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
创建一个策略,只允许标签为run=testpod
的pod访问
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl apply -f networkpolicy-pod.yaml
networkpolicy.networking.k8s.io/test-network-policy created
创建两个pod,都设置--labels=run=testpod
标签,只有当前命名空间可以访问
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl run testpod1 -it --rm --image=yauritux/busybox-curl --image-pull-policy=IfNotPresent --labels=run=testpod --namespace=default
/home # curl --connect-timeout 10 -m 10 svc1.liruilong-network-create
curl: (28) Connection timed out after 10697 milliseconds
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl run testpod1 -it --rm --image=yauritux/busybox-curl --image-pull-policy=IfNotPresent --labels=run=testpod
/home # curl --connect-timeout 10 -m 10 svc1
pod1
/home #
下面的设置可以其他所有命名空间可以访问
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: test-network-policy
namespace: liruilong-network-create
spec:
podSelector:
matchLabels:
run: pod1
policyTypes:
- Ingress
ingress:
- from:
- podSelector:
matchLabels:
podSelector:
matchLabels:
run: testpod
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
default 命名空间和当前命名空间可以访问
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: test-network-policy
namespace: liruilong-network-create
spec:
podSelector:
matchLabels:
run: pod1
policyTypes:
- Ingress
ingress:
- from:
- podSelector:
matchLabels:
kubernetes.io/metadata.name: default
podSelector:
matchLabels:
run: testpod
- podSelector:
matchLabels:
run: testpod
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
定位pod所使用的网络策略
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl get networkpolicies
NAME POD-SELECTOR AGE
test-network-policy run=pod1 13m
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl get pods --show-labels
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS
pod1 1/1 Running 2 (3d15h ago) 5d12h run=pod1
pod2 1/1 Running 2 (3d15h ago) 5d12h run=pod2
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl get networkpolicies | grep run=pod1
test-network-policy run=pod1 15m
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$
出去策略
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: test-network-policy
spec:
podSelector:
matchLabels:
run: pod1
policyTypes:
- Egress
egress:
- to:
- podSelector:
matchLabels:
run: pod2
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
pod1只能访问pod2的TCP协议80端口
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl apply -f networkpolicy1.yaml
通过IP访问正常pod2
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$kubectl exec -it pod1 -- bash
root@pod1:/# curl 10.111.123.194
pod2
因为DNS的pod在另一个命名空间(kube-system)运行,pod1只能到pod2,所以无法通过域名访问,需要添加另一个命名空间
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$kubectl exec -it pod1 -- bash
root@pod1:/# curl svc2
^C
相关参数获取
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl get ns --show-labels | grep kube-system
kube-system Active 27d kubernetes.io/metadata.name=kube-system
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl get pods --show-labels -n kube-system | grep dns
coredns-7f6cbbb7b8-ncd2s 1/1 Running 13 (3d19h ago) 24d k8s-app=kube-dns,pod-template-hash=7f6cbbb7b8
coredns-7f6cbbb7b8-pjnct 1/1 Running 13 (3d19h ago) 24d k8s-app=kube-dns,pod-template-hash=7f6cbbb7b8
配置两个出去规则,一个到pod2,一个到kube-dns,使用不同端口协议
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: test-network-policy
spec:
podSelector:
matchLabels:
run: pod1
policyTypes:
- Egress
egress:
- to:
- podSelector:
matchLabels:
run: pod2
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
- to:
- namespaceSelector:
matchLabels:
kubernetes.io/metadata.name: kube-system
podSelector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
ports:
- protocol: UDP
port: 53
测试可以通过域名访问
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$vim networkpolicy2.yaml
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl apply -f networkpolicy2.yaml
networkpolicy.networking.k8s.io/test-network-policy configured
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl get networkpolicies
NAME POD-SELECTOR AGE
test-network-policy run=pod1 3h38m
┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~/ansible/k8s-network-create]
└─$kubectl exec -it pod1 -- bash
root@pod1:/# curl svc2
pod2
root@pod1:/#
时间关系,关于网络策略和小伙伴们分享到这里,生活加油
- 点赞
- 收藏
- 关注作者
评论(0)