JAVA 多线程同步工具类总结
【摘要】
CountDownLatch 闭锁:可以延迟线程的进度,直到锁到达终止状态。闭锁的作用相当于一扇门,在锁到达终止状态之前这扇门一直是关闭的。当锁到达终止状态时,允许所有线程通 过。CountDownLatch 有一个初始值,通过调用 countDown 可以减少该值,一直到 0 时到达终止状态。
FutureTask 用于执行一个...
CountDownLatch 闭锁:可以延迟线程的进度,直到锁到达终止状态。闭锁的作用相当于一扇门,在锁到达终止状态之前这扇门一直是关闭的。当锁到达终止状态时,允许所有线程通 过。CountDownLatch 有一个初始值,通过调用 countDown 可以减少该值,一直到 0 时到达终止状态。
FutureTask 用于执行一个可返回结果的长任务,任务在单独的线程中执行,其他线程可以用 get 方法取任务结果,如果任务尚未完成,线程在 get 上阻塞。
Semaphore 用于 控制 同时访问某资源 ,或 同时执行某操作的线程数目 。信号量有一个初始值即可以分配的信号量总数目。线程任务开始前先调用 acquire 取得信号量,任务结束后调用 release 释放信号量。在 acquire 是如果没有可用信号量,线程将阻塞在 acquire 上,直到其他线程释放一个信号量。CyclicBarrier 栅栏用于多个线程多次迭代时进行同步,在一轮任务中,任何线程完成任务后都在 barrier 上等待,直到所有其他线程也完成任务,然后一起释放,同时进入下一轮迭代。
CountDownLatch 的例子:
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import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
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import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
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public class DemoOfLatch
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{
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// 利用闭锁 CountDownLatch 控制主线程和子线程的同步
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public static void main(String[] args)
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{
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int numberOfThread = 5;
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final CountDownLatch startLatch = new CountDownLatch(1); // 用于控制子线程开始
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final CountDownLatch stopLatch = new CountDownLatch(numberOfThread); // 用于子线程计数
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final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0); // 用于分配子线程唯一标识
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System.out.println("Main thread start…");
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for (int i = 0; i < numberOfThread; i++)
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{
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Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable()
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{
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@Override
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public void run()
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{
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int tid = count.getAndIncrement();
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try
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{
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// 等代主线程打开启动信号
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startLatch.await();
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System.out.printf("Thread %d started…%n", tid);
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int duration = (int) (Math.random() * 5000);
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Thread.sleep(duration);
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} catch (InterruptedException e)
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{
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e.printStackTrace();
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Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
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} finally
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{
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System.out.printf("Thread %d stoped…%n", tid);
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// 线程终止前减少线程计数
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stopLatch.countDown();
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}
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}
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});
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thread.start();
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}
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// 在放行子线程之前做点什么别的事情
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System.out
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.println("Main thread do preparation work for child threads…");
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try
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{
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Thread.sleep(2000);
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} catch (InterruptedException e)
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{
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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// 打开闭锁放行所有子线程
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System.out.println("Main thread let child threads go…");
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startLatch.countDown();
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try
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{
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// 等待子线程计数降为 0 即所有子线程执行完毕
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System.out.println("Main thread wait for all child threads…");
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stopLatch.await();
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} catch (InterruptedException e)
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{
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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System.out.println("Main thread exit…");
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}
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}
FutureTask 的例子
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import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
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import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
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import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
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public class DemoOfFutureTask
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{
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public static void main(String[] args)
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{
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// 创建一个 Future Task 用于并发执行长任务
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final FutureTask<Movie> future = new FutureTask<Movie>(
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new Callable<Movie>()
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{
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@Override
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public Movie call() throws Exception
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{
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System.out.println("Future task started…");
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Thread.sleep(5000);
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System.out.println("Future task finished…");
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return new Movie("2012", "Unknown");
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}
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});
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// 在子线程中启动任务
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Thread thread = new Thread(future);
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thread.start();
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// 主线程干点别的事情
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System.out.println("Now let's do sth eles…");
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try
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{
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Thread.sleep(1000);
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} catch (InterruptedException e1)
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{
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e1.printStackTrace();
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}
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// 主线程开始取结果
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System.out.println("Now wait for result of future task…");
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try
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{
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Movie res = future.get();
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System.out.printf("Result from task is name=%s, actor=%s",
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res.name, res.actor);
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} catch (InterruptedException e)
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{
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e.printStackTrace();
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} catch (ExecutionException e)
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{
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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public static class Movie
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{
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final public String name;
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final public String actor;
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public Movie(String name, String actor)
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{
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this.name = name;
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this.actor = actor;
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}
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}
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}
Semaphore 的例子:
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import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
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import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
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public class DemoOfSemaphore
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{
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/**
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* @param args
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*/
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public static void main(String[] args)
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{
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final int numOfThread = 5;
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final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0); // 用于分配唯一线程标识
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final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(numOfThread); // 用于控制并发线程数目
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for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
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{
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Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable()
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{
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@Override
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public void run()
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{
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int tid = count.getAndIncrement();
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try
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{// 等待直到取得信号量
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System.out
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.printf("Thread %d wait on semaphore…%n", tid);
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semaphore.acquire();
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// 取得信号量之后做点事情
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System.out.printf("Thread %d get semaphore…%n", tid);
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int duration = (int) (Math.random() * 5000);
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Thread.sleep(duration);
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} catch (InterruptedException e)
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{
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e.printStackTrace();
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} finally
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{
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// 做完后释放信号量
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System.out
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.printf("Thread %d release semaphore…%n", tid);
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semaphore.release();
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}
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}
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});
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thread.start();
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}
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}
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}
CyclicBarrier 的例子:
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import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
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import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
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public class DemoOfBarrier
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{
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public static void main(String[] args)
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{
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final int numOfThread = 2;
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final int numOfIteration = 2;
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// 创建一个用于线程同步的 Barrier 对象
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final CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(numOfThread,
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new Runnable()
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{
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// 当所有线程到达 Barrier 后会执行这个任务
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// 任务在第一个 到达 Barrier 的线程中执行
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@Override
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public void run()
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{
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long tid = Thread.currentThread().getId();
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// 当所有线程完成一轮迭代之后做点清除/准备/提交工作
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System.out.printf(
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"[%d] - All threads arrived barrier…%n", tid);
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try
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{
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Thread.sleep(2000);
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} catch (InterruptedException e)
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{
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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System.out.printf("[%d] - Clear work done…%n", tid);
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}
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});
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// 创建并启动多个线程,他们在 Barrier 上同步
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for (int i = 0; i < numOfThread; i++)
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{
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Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable()
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{
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@Override
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public void run()
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{
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long tid = Thread.currentThread().getId();
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for (int k = 0; k < numOfIteration; k++)
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{
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try
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{
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// 线程进行一轮迭代,做点事情
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System.out.printf("Thread %d start its work…%n",
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tid);
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long duration = (int) (Math.random() * 5000);
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Thread.sleep(duration);
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// 做完迭代后等待其他线程完成迭代
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System.out.printf("Thread %d wait on barrier…%n",
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tid);
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int num = barrier.await();
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// 显示完成的顺序
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System.out.printf(
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"Thread %d pass barrier with order=%d…%n",
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tid, num);
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} catch (InterruptedException e)
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{
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e.printStackTrace();
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Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
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} catch (BrokenBarrierException e)
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{
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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}
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});
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thread.start();
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}
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}
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}
文章来源: panda1234lee.blog.csdn.net,作者:panda1234lee,版权归原作者所有,如需转载,请联系作者。
原文链接:panda1234lee.blog.csdn.net/article/details/8535238
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