像素缓冲区对象（PBO) 的Streaming-Texture上传 源码解析
【摘要】
接这篇文章 OpenGL深入探索——像素缓冲区对象 （PBO）（附完整工程代码地址）
原理示意图：
首选检查显卡是否支持 PBO :
#if defined(_WIN32) // check PBO is supported by your video card // 检查显卡是否支持 PBO if (glI...
接这篇文章 OpenGL深入探索——像素缓冲区对象 （PBO）（附完整工程代码地址）
原理示意图：
首选检查显卡是否支持 PBO :
-
#if defined(_WIN32)
-
// check PBO is supported by your video card
-
// 检查显卡是否支持 PBO
-
if (glInfo.isExtensionSupported("GL_ARB_pixel_buffer_object"))
-
{
-
// get pointers to GL functions
-
glGenBuffersARB = (PFNGLGENBUFFERSARBPROC)wglGetProcAddress("glGenBuffersARB");
-
glBindBufferARB = (PFNGLBINDBUFFERARBPROC)wglGetProcAddress("glBindBufferARB");
-
glBufferDataARB = (PFNGLBUFFERDATAARBPROC)wglGetProcAddress("glBufferDataARB");
-
glBufferSubDataARB = (PFNGLBUFFERSUBDATAARBPROC)wglGetProcAddress("glBufferSubDataARB");
-
glDeleteBuffersARB = (PFNGLDELETEBUFFERSARBPROC)wglGetProcAddress("glDeleteBuffersARB");
-
glGetBufferParameterivARB = (PFNGLGETBUFFERPARAMETERIVARBPROC)wglGetProcAddress("glGetBufferParameterivARB");
-
glMapBufferARB = (PFNGLMAPBUFFERARBPROC)wglGetProcAddress("glMapBufferARB");
-
glUnmapBufferARB = (PFNGLUNMAPBUFFERARBPROC)wglGetProcAddress("glUnmapBufferARB");
-
-
// check once again PBO extension
-
if (glGenBuffersARB && glBindBufferARB && glBufferDataARB && glBufferSubDataARB &&
-
glMapBufferARB && glUnmapBufferARB && glDeleteBuffersARB && glGetBufferParameterivARB)
-
{
-
pboSupported = true;
-
pboMode = 1; // using 1 PBO
-
cout << "Video card supports GL_ARB_pixel_buffer_object." << endl;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
pboSupported = false;
-
pboMode = 0; // without PBO
-
cout << "Video card does NOT support GL_ARB_pixel_buffer_object." << endl;
-
}
-
}
-
-
// Query the system memory page size and update the default value
-
SYSTEM_INFO si;
-
GetSystemInfo(&si);
-
if (si.dwPageSize > 0)
-
{
-
systemPageSize = si.dwPageSize;
-
}
-
#elif defined (__gnu_linux__)
-
// for linux, do not need to get function pointers, it is up-to-date
-
if (glInfo.isExtensionSupported("GL_ARB_pixel_buffer_object"))
-
{
-
pboSupported = true;
-
cout << "Video card supports GL_ARB_pixel_buffer_object" << endl;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
cout << "Video card does NOT support GL_ARB_pixel_buffer_object" << endl;
-
}
-
-
if (glInfo.isExtensionSupported("GL_AMD_pinned_memory"))
-
{
-
amdSupported = true;
-
cout << "Video card supports GL_AMD_pinned_memory" << endl;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
cout << "Video card does NOT support GL_AMD_pinned_memory" << endl;
-
}
-
-
// Query the system memory page size and update the default value
-
if (sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE) > 0)
-
{
-
systemPageSize = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE);
-
}
-
#endif
-
// 创建 count 个 PBO
-
void setPboCount(int count)
-
{
-
if (!pboSupported)
-
return;
-
-
// 如果 count 大于 当前的 PBO 数
-
if (count > pboCount)
-
{
-
if (pboMethod != AMD)
-
{
-
// Generate each Pixel Buffer object and allocate memory for it（生成 PBO，并为其分配内存）
-
// Hopefully, PBOs will get allocated in VRAM
-
-
glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, 0); // Unbind any buffer object previously bound（释放之前所绑定的 PBO）
-
for (int i = pboCount; i < count; ++i)
-
{
-
GLuint pboId;
-
glGenBuffers(1, &pboId); // Generate new Buffer Object ID
-
glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, pboId); // Create a zero-sized memory Pixel Buffer Object and bind it
-
glBufferData(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, DATA_SIZE, NULL, GL_STREAM_DRAW); // Reserve the memory space for the PBO
-
glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, 0); // Release the PBO binding
-
-
pboIds.push_back(pboId); // Update our list of PBO IDs
-
pboFences.push_back(NULL);
-
-
cout << "Created PBO buffer #" << i << " of size: " << DATA_SIZE << endl;
-
}
-
pboCount = pboIds.size();
-
assert(GL_NO_ERROR == glGetError());
-
}
-
// 特殊的 DMA 模式，需要自己手动分配对齐的内存，并提供内存指针
-
else
-
{
-
// Generate each Pixel Buffer object and allocate memory for it
-
// PBOs will get allocated in System RAM, and GPU will access it through DMA
-
-
glBindBuffer(GL_EXTERNAL_VIRTUAL_MEMORY_BUFFER_AMD, 0); // Unbind any buffer object previously bound
-
for (int i = pboCount; i < count; ++i)
-
{
-
GLuint pboId;
-
glGenBuffers(1, &pboId); // Generate new Buffer Object ID
-
glBindBuffer(GL_EXTERNAL_VIRTUAL_MEMORY_BUFFER_AMD, pboId); // Create a zero-sized memory Pixel Buffer Object and bind it
-
assert(GL_NO_ERROR == glGetError());
-
-
// Memory alignment functions are compiler-specific
-
GLubyte *ptAlignedBuffer = (GLubyte *)alignedMalloc(systemPageSize, DATA_SIZE);
-
if (NULL == ptAlignedBuffer)
-
{
-
cout << "ERROR [setPboCount] (alignedMalloc) size: " << DATA_SIZE << " alignment: " << systemPageSize << endl;
-
break;
-
}
-
cout << "Created memory buffer #" << i << " of size: " << DATA_SIZE << " alignment: " << systemPageSize << endl;
-
-
glBufferData(GL_EXTERNAL_VIRTUAL_MEMORY_BUFFER_AMD, DATA_SIZE, ptAlignedBuffer, GL_STREAM_DRAW); // Take control of the memory space for the PBO
-
GLenum error = glGetError();
-
if (GL_NO_ERROR != error)
-
{
-
cout << "ERROR [setPboCount] (glBufferData): " << (char *)gluErrorString(error) << endl;
-
alignedFree(ptAlignedBuffer);
-
cout << "Freed memory buffer #" << i << endl;
-
break;
-
}
-
glBindBuffer(GL_EXTERNAL_VIRTUAL_MEMORY_BUFFER_AMD, 0); // Release the PBO binding
-
assert(GL_NO_ERROR == glGetError());
-
-
pboIds.push_back(pboId); // Update our list of PBO IDs
-
pboFences.push_back(NULL);
-
alignedBuffers.push_back((GLubyte *)ptAlignedBuffer);
-
-
cout << "Created PBO buffer #" << i << endl;
-
}
-
pboCount = pboIds.size();
-
assert(GL_NO_ERROR == glGetError());
-
}
-
}
-
// 如果 count 小于当前的 PBO 数
-
else if (count < pboCount)
-
{
-
if (pboMethod != AMD)
-
{
-
glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, 0); // Unbind any buffer object previously bound
-
for (int i = pboCount - 1; i >= count; --i)
-
{
-
glDeleteSync(pboFences.back());
-
pboFences.pop_back();
-
-
GLuint pboId = pboIds.back();
-
glDeleteBuffers(1, &pboId);
-
pboIds.pop_back(); // Update our list of PBO IDs
-
-
cout << "Deleted PBO buffer #" << i << endl;
-
}
-
pboCount = pboIds.size();
-
assert(GL_NO_ERROR == glGetError());
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
glBindBuffer(GL_EXTERNAL_VIRTUAL_MEMORY_BUFFER_AMD, 0); // Unbind any buffer object previously bound
-
for (int i = pboCount - 1; i >= count; --i)
-
{
-
glDeleteSync(pboFences.back());
-
pboFences.pop_back();
-
-
GLuint pboId = pboIds.back();
-
glDeleteBuffers(1, &pboId);
-
pboIds.pop_back(); // Update our list of PBO IDs
-
-
cout << "Deleted PBO buffer #" << i << endl;
-
-
// 手动释放自己分配的内存
-
alignedFree(alignedBuffers.back());
-
alignedBuffers.pop_back();
-
-
cout << "Freed memory buffer #" << i << endl;
-
}
-
pboCount = pboIds.size();
-
assert(GL_NO_ERROR == glGetError());
-
}
-
}
-
-
cout << "PBO Count: " << pboCount << endl;
-
}
最关键的显示回调方法：
-
void displayCB()
-
{
-
if (pboMethod == NONE)
-
{
-
/*
-
* Update data in System Memory.
-
*/
-
t1.start();
-
updatePixels(imageData, DATA_SIZE); // 更新 imageData 的像素
-
t1.stop();
-
updateTime = t1.getElapsedTimeInMilliSec();
-
-
/*
-
* Copy data from System Memory to texture object. （将 imageData 的内容从内存拷贝到纹理当中）
-
*/
-
t1.start();
-
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId);
-
glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, IMAGE_WIDTH, IMAGE_HEIGHT, PIXEL_FORMAT, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, (GLvoid *)imageData);
-
t1.stop();
-
copyTime = t1.getElapsedTimeInMilliSec();
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
/*
-
* Update buffer indices used in data upload & copy.
-
*
-
* "uploadIdx": index used to upload pixels to a Pixel Buffer Object.（上传像素至 uploadIdx 指定的 PBO）
-
* "copyIdx": index used to copy pixels from a Pixel Buffer Object to a GPU texture.（拷贝 cpyIdx 指定的 PBO 的像素到 GPU 纹理）
-
*
-
* When (pboCount > 1), this will allow to perform（当 pboCount 数大于1时，就允许使用备用buffer来同时进行上传和拷贝）
-
* simultaneous upload & copy, by using alternative buffers.
-
* That is a good thing, unless the double buffering is being already
-
* done somewhere else in the code.
-
*/
-
static int copyIdx = 0;
-
copyIdx = (copyIdx + 1) % pboCount;
-
int uploadIdx = (copyIdx + 1) % pboCount;
-
-
/*
-
* Upload new data to a Pixel Buffer Object.
-
*/
-
t1.start();
-
-
glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, pboIds[uploadIdx]); // Access the Pixel Buffer Object and bind it
-
-
// pboMethod 表示不同的纹理流机制（Texture Stream methods）
-
if (pboMethod == ORPHAN)
-
{
-
// GL_STREAM_DRAW 表示每次渲染都会更新该 PBO的像素数据
-
// GL_DYNAMITC_DRAW 表示每帧都会更新该 Buffer
-
// GL_STATIC_DRAW 表示几乎或从不更新该 Buffer
-
glBufferDataARB(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER_ARB, DATA_SIZE, NULL, GL_STREAM_DRAW_ARB);
-
-
// 获得 PBO 的映射 Buffer 指针，以待写入操作
-
GLubyte *ptr = (GLubyte *)glMapBufferARB(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER_ARB, GL_WRITE_ONLY_ARB);
-
if (NULL == ptr)
-
{
-
cout << "ERROR [displayCB] (glMapBufferARB): " << (char *)gluErrorString(glGetError()) << endl;
-
return;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
// update data directly on the mapped buffer（在映射的 Buffer 上直接更新 PBO 的像素数据）
-
updatePixels(ptr, DATA_SIZE);
-
// release pointer to mapping buffer（释放映射 Buffer 的指针）
-
if (!glUnmapBufferARB(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER_ARB))
-
{
-
cout << "ERROR [displayCB] (glUnmapBufferARB): " << (char *)gluErrorString(glGetError()) << endl;
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
// 异步模式
-
else if (pboMethod == UNSYNCH_ORPHAN || pboMethod == UNSYNCH_FENCES)
-
{
-
if (pboMethod == UNSYNCH_FENCES)
-
{
-
// 检查索引的pboFences 是否是同步对象（Sync Object）
-
if (glIsSync(pboFences[uploadIdx]))
-
{
-
// 阻塞并 wait 同步对象，等待被 signal
-
GLenum result = glClientWaitSync(pboFences[uploadIdx], 0, GL_TIMEOUT_IGNORED);
-
switch (result)
-
{
-
case GL_ALREADY_SIGNALED:
-
// Transfer was already done when trying to use buffer
-
// （说明此时传输已经完成）
-
cout << "DEBUG (glClientWaitSync): ALREADY_SIGNALED (good timing!) uploadIdx: " << uploadIdx << endl;
-
break;
-
case GL_CONDITION_SATISFIED:
-
// This means that we had to wait for the fence to synchronize us after using all the buffers,
-
// which implies that the GPU command queue is full and that we are GPU-bound (DMA transfers aren't fast enough).
-
// （说明我们不得不等待 fence 的同步，即 我们所绑定的 GPU 命令队列已满[DMA传输还不够快]）
-
cout << "WARNING (glClientWaitSync): CONDITION_SATISFIED (had to wait for the sync) uploadIdx: " << uploadIdx << endl;
-
break;
-
case GL_TIMEOUT_EXPIRED:
-
cout << "WARNING (glClientWaitSync): TIMEOUT_EXPIRED (DMA transfers are too slow!) uploadIdx: " << uploadIdx << endl;
-
break;
-
case GL_WAIT_FAILED:
-
cout << "ERROR (glClientWaitSync): WAIT_FAILED: " << (char *)gluErrorString(glGetError()) << endl;
-
break;
-
}
-
// 删除同步对象
-
glDeleteSync(pboFences[uploadIdx]);
-
pboFences[uploadIdx] = NULL;
-
}
-
}
-
// 注意和 ORPHAN 的区别
-
else if (pboMethod == UNSYNCH_ORPHAN)
-
{
-
// Buffer 需要重新指定
-
glBufferData(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, DATA_SIZE, NULL, GL_STREAM_DRAW); // Buffer re-specification (orphaning)
-
}
-
-
// 获得 PBO 的映射 Buffer 指针，以待写入操作
-
GLubyte *ptr = (GLubyte *)glMapBufferRange(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, 0, DATA_SIZE, GL_MAP_WRITE_BIT | GL_MAP_UNSYNCHRONIZED_BIT);
-
if (NULL == ptr)
-
{
-
cout << "ERROR [displayCB] (glMapBufferRange): " << (char *)gluErrorString(glGetError()) << endl;
-
return;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
updatePixels(ptr, DATA_SIZE); // Update data directly on the mapped buffer（直接更新映射 Buffer 的数据）
-
-
if (!glUnmapBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER))
-
{
-
cout << "ERROR [displayCB] (glUnmapBuffer): " << (char *)gluErrorString(glGetError()) << endl;
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
else if (pboMethod == AMD)
-
{
-
// 同样要进行手动同步
-
if (glIsSync(pboFences[uploadIdx]))
-
{
-
GLenum result = glClientWaitSync(pboFences[uploadIdx], 0, GL_TIMEOUT_IGNORED);
-
switch (result)
-
{
-
case GL_ALREADY_SIGNALED:
-
// Transfer was already done when trying to use buffer
-
//cout << "DEBUG (glClientWaitSync): ALREADY_SIGNALED (good timing!) uploadIdx: " << uploadIdx << endl;
-
break;
-
case GL_CONDITION_SATISFIED:
-
// This means that we had to wait for the fence to synchronize us after using all the buffers,
-
// which implies that the GPU command queue is full and that we are GPU-bound (DMA transfers aren't fast enough).
-
//cout << "WARNING (glClientWaitSync): CONDITION_SATISFIED (had to wait for the sync) uploadIdx: " << uploadIdx << endl;
-
break;
-
case GL_TIMEOUT_EXPIRED:
-
cout << "WARNING (glClientWaitSync): TIMEOUT_EXPIRED (DMA transfers are too slow!) uploadIdx: " << uploadIdx << endl;
-
break;
-
case GL_WAIT_FAILED:
-
cout << "ERROR (glClientWaitSync): WAIT_FAILED: " << (char *)gluErrorString(glGetError()) << endl;
-
break;
-
}
-
glDeleteSync(pboFences[uploadIdx]);
-
pboFences[uploadIdx] = NULL;
-
}
-
// alignedBuffers 存储的是手动分配的一块对齐过的内存指针
-
updatePixels(alignedBuffers[uploadIdx], DATA_SIZE); // Update data directly on the mapped buffer
-
}
-
-
t1.stop();
-
updateTime = t1.getElapsedTimeInMilliSec();
-
-
/*
-
* Protect each Pixel Buffer Object against being overwritten.（防止 PBO 被重复写入）
-
*
-
* Tipically the data upload will be slower than our main loop, so this
-
* function will be called again before the previous frame was uploaded
-
* and processed. The main bottleneck is the PCI bus transfer speed,
-
* which limits how fast the DMA (System Memory --> VRAM) can work.
-
*
-
* 通常数据上传将会慢于主循环，意味着在先前的帧被上传处理之前，该方法将会被再次调用。
-
* 主要的性能瓶颈在于 PCI 总线的传输速度， 它限制了 DMA 的传输速度（内存到显存）。
-
*
-
* OpenGL Sync Fences will block until the PBO is released.（GL 同步对象将会阻塞主线程，直到 PBO 被释放为止）
-
*/
-
if (pboMethod == UNSYNCH_FENCES || pboMethod == AMD)
-
{
-
// 创建一个同步对象，并将其加入 GL 的命令流中（❤ 具体请参看第八版红宝书的 P589 第11章 Memory ❤）
-
pboFences[uploadIdx] = glFenceSync(GL_SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE, 0);
-
}
-
-
/*
-
* Copy data from a Pixel Buffer Object to a GPU texture.
-
* glTexSubImage2D() will copy pixels to the corresponding texture in the GPU.
-
* 传输 PBO 中的数据到 GPU 纹理
-
*/
-
t1.start();
-
-
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId); // Bind the texture
-
glBindBufferARB(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER_ARB, pboIds[copyIdx]); // Access the Pixel Buffer Object and bind it
-
-
// Use offset instead of pointer（由于使用了 PBO，所以传递的是偏移量）
-
glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, IMAGE_WIDTH, IMAGE_HEIGHT, PIXEL_FORMAT, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0);
-
-
t1.stop();
-
copyTime = t1.getElapsedTimeInMilliSec();
-
-
// it is good idea to release PBOs with ID 0 after use.
-
// Once bound with 0, all pixel operations behave normal ways.
-
glBindBufferARB(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER_ARB, 0);
-
}
-
-
// clear buffer
-
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT);
-
-
// save the initial ModelView matrix before modifying ModelView matrix
-
glPushMatrix();
-
-
// tramsform camera
-
glTranslatef(0, 0, -cameraDistance);
-
glRotatef(cameraAngleX, 1, 0, 0); // pitch
-
glRotatef(cameraAngleY, 0, 1, 0); // heading
-
-
// draw a point with texture
-
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId);
-
glColor4f(1, 1, 1, 1);
-
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
-
glNormal3f(0, 0, 1);
-
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
-
glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f);
-
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f);
-
glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f);
-
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
-
glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
-
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f);
-
glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
-
glEnd();
-
-
// unbind texture
-
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
-
-
// draw info messages
-
showInfo();
-
//showTransferRate();
-
printTransferRate();
-
-
glPopMatrix();
-
-
glutSwapBuffers();
-
}
运行结果对比：
【未使用 PBO 的情况】
【Orphaning模式，PBO 个数 = 1】
【异步 Orphaning模式， PBO个数 = 1】
【Fences 的 同步模式， PBO个数 = 1】
【Orphaning模式， PBO个数=3】
【异步的 Orphaning 模式， PBO个数=3】
可见使用了 PBO 的确比未使用 PBO 性能要略优，但一味增加 PBO 的数量，并不能显著提高性能。
本例中 不同的 PBO 模式性能差别不大，但是 Orphan 模式的写法最简单，不需要自己手动同步和创建额外对齐的内存。
文章来源: panda1234lee.blog.csdn.net，作者：panda1234lee，版权归原作者所有，如需转载，请联系作者。
原文链接：panda1234lee.blog.csdn.net/article/details/53283007
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