如何在 CentOS 上使用 Yum groupinstall 安装 MySQL 数据库

在本文中，让我们了解一下如何使用 yum 在 CentOS 上安装 MySQL。与其一一搜索安装mysql及相关包，不如使用yum组安装mysql。

1.确定MySQL包的组名

yum grouplist显示存储库中可用的所有软件包组。如下图，mysql包组称为“MySQL数据库”。

# yum grouplist | grep -i mysql
   MySQL Database

2. “MySQL 数据库”组中捆绑了什么？

yum groupinfo显示捆绑在一个组中的所有软件包。这将显示该特定组中可用的强制、默认和可选包。

如下图，“MySQL 数据库”组包含 1 个强制包、6 个默认包和 5 个可选包。

# yum groupinfo "MySQL Database"
Group: MySQL Database
 Description: This package group contains packages useful for use with MySQL.
 Mandatory Packages:
   mysql
 Default Packages:
   MySQL-python
   libdbi-dbd-mysql
   mysql-connector-odbc
   mysql-server
   perl-DBD-MySQL
   unixODBC
 Optional Packages:
   mod_auth_mysql
   mysql-bench
   mysql-devel
   php-mysql
   qt-MySQL

3. 使用 yum groupinstall 安装“MySQL 数据库”组

yum groupinstall将安装“MySQL 数据库”组包，如下所示。

# yum groupinstall "MySQL Database"

Resolving Dependencies
Dependencies Resolved

Transaction Summary
=========================
Install     12 Package(s)         
Update       0 Package(s)         
Remove       0 Package(s)         

Installed:
  MySQL-python.i386 0:1.2.1-1 libdbi-dbd-mysql.i386 0:0.8.1a-1.2.2  
  mysql.i386 0:5.0.77-4.el5_4.2  mysql-connector-odbc.i386 0:3.51.26r1127-1.el5
  mysql-server.i386 0:5.0.77-4.el5_4.2  perl-DBD-MySQL.i386 0:3.0007-2.el5 
  unixODBC.i386 0:2.2.11-7.1    

Dependency Installed:
  libdbi.i386 0:0.8.1-2.1 libdbi-drivers.i386 0:0.8.1a-1.2.2 
  libtool-ltdl.i386 0:1.5.22-7.el5_4 
  mx.i386 0:2.0.6-2.2.2 perl-DBI.i386 0:1.52-2.el5  

Complete!

注意：如果您在安装过程中遇到一些问题，请验证完整的 mysql 安装日志以查看您缺少什么。

4. 验证 MySQL 安装

执行rpm -qa，确认安装mysql相关包。

# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
MySQL-python-1.2.1-1
mysql-5.0.77-4.el5_4.2
mysql-connector-odbc-3.51.26r1127-1.el5
mysql-server-5.0.77-4.el5_4.2
libdbi-dbd-mysql-0.8.1a-1.2.2
perl-DBD-MySQL-3.0007-2.el5

检查 /etc/passwd 和 /etc/group 以确保它已创建 mysql 用户名和组。

# grep mysql /etc/passwd
mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash

# grep mysql /etc/group
mysql:x:27:

5. MySQL Post安装——执行mysql_install_db

mysql_install_db 程序将设置必要的授权表。mysql_install_db 程序作为 rpm 安装的一部分执行。但是，再次执行 mysql_install_db 程序以确保正确设置授权表并没有什么坏处。

# /usr/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
Installing MySQL system tables...OK
Filling help tables...OK
.....
The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at http://www.mysql.com

6. 启动 MySQL 服务器

# service mysqld status
mysqld is stopped

# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL:                                            [  OK  ]

7. 验证 MySQL 服务器是否已启动并正在运行。

# /usr/bin/mysqladmin version
/usr/bin/mysqladmin  Ver 8.41 Distrib 5.0.77, for redhat-linux-gnu on i686
Copyright (C) 2000-2006 MySQL AB
This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software,
and you are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL license

Server version		5.0.77
Protocol version	10
Connection		Localhost via UNIX socket
UNIX socket		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:			39 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 2  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 12  Flush tables: 1  
Open tables: 6  Queries per second avg: 0.051

# /usr/bin/mysqlshow
+--------------------+
|     Databases      |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| test               |
+--------------------+

# /usr/bin/mysqlshow mysql
Database: mysql
+---------------------------+
|          Tables           |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv              |
| db                        |
| func                      |
| help_category             |
| time_zone_transition      |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user                      |
+---------------------------+

再次停止并启动 mysql 服务器以确保它们没有问题。

# service mysqld stop
Stopping MySQL:                                            [  OK  ]

# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL:                                            [  OK  ]

8.更改MySQL root账户密码

将 MySQL 根帐户密码更改为安全的密码。

# mysql -u root
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.0.77 Source distribution

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> select host, user from mysql.user;
+-----------+------+
| host      | user |
+-----------+------+
| 127.0.0.1 | root | 
| localhost |      | 
| localhost | root | 
+-----------+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('DoNotTell$AnyBody');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set password for 'root'@'127.0.0.1' = PASSWORD('DoNotTell$AnyBody');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

确保您能够使用新密码登录 MySQL，如下所示。

# mysql -u root
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.0.77 Source distribution

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

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