如何使用 dmidecode 命令获取 Linux 上的硬件信息
【摘要】 dmidecode 命令读取系统 DMI 表以显示服务器的硬件和 BIOS 信息。除了获取系统的当前配置外，您还可以使用 dmidecode 获取有关系统支持的最大配置的信息。例如，dmidecode 给出了系统上的当前 RAM 和系统支持的最大 RAM。
dmidecode 命令读取系统 DMI 表以显示服务器的硬件和 BIOS 信息。除了获取系统的当前配置外，您还可以使用 dmidecode 获取有关系统支持的最大配置的信息。例如，dmidecode 给出了系统上的当前 RAM 和系统支持的最大 RAM。
本文提供了 dmidecode 的概述和关于如何使用 dmidecode 命令的几个实际示例。
一、dmidecode概述
分布式管理任务组维护DMI 规范和SMBIOS 规范。dmidecode 的输出包含来自 DMI（桌面管理接口）表的几条记录。
以下是DMI表的dmidecode输出的记录格式。
Record Header: Handle {record id}, DMI type {dmi type id}, {record size} bytes
Record Value: {multi line record value}- 记录 ID： DMI 表中每条记录的唯一标识符。
- dmi type id：记录的类型。即 BIOS、内存等，
- 记录大小： DMI 表中记录的大小。
- 多行记录值：该特定 DMI 类型的多行记录值。
dmidecode 命令的示例输出：
# dmidecode | head -15
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
56 structures occupying 1977 bytes.
Table at 0x000FB320.
Handle 0xDA00, DMI type 218, 11 bytes
OEM-specific Type
Header and Data:
DA 0B 00 DA B0 00 17 03 08 28 00
Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 20 bytes
BIOS Information
Vendor: Dell Computer Corporation
Version: A07
Release Date: 01/13/2004获取DMI表的总记录数如下图：
# dmidecode | grep ^Handle | wc -l
56
(or)
# dmidecode | grep structures
56 structures occupying 1977 bytes.2. DMI 类型
DMI 类型 ID 将提供有关系统特定硬件组件的信息。下面的类型为 4 的命令将获取有关系统 CPU 的信息。
# dmidecode -t 4
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
Handle 0x0400, DMI type 4, 35 bytes
Processor Information
Socket Designation: Processor 1
Type: Central Processor
Family: Xeon
Manufacturer: Intel
ID: 29 0F 00 00 FF FB EB BF
Signature: Type 0, Family 15, Model 2, Stepping 9
Flags:
FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
VME (Virtual mode extension)
DE (Debugging extension)
PSE (Page size extension)
TSC (Time stamp counter)
MSR (Model specific registers)以下是可用的不同 DMI 类型。
Type Information
----------------------------------------
0 BIOS
1 System
2 Base Board
3 Chassis
4 Processor
5 Memory Controller
6 Memory Module
7 Cache
8 Port Connector
9 System Slots
10 On Board Devices
11 OEM Strings
12 System Configuration Options
13 BIOS Language
14 Group Associations
15 System Event Log
16 Physical Memory Array
17 Memory Device
18 32-bit Memory Error
19 Memory Array Mapped Address
20 Memory Device Mapped Address
21 Built-in Pointing Device
22 Portable Battery
23 System Reset
24 Hardware Security
25 System Power Controls
26 Voltage Probe
27 Cooling Device
28 Temperature Probe
29 Electrical Current Probe
30 Out-of-band Remote Access
31 Boot Integrity Services
32 System Boot
33 64-bit Memory Error
34 Management Device
35 Management Device Component
36 Management Device Threshold Data
37 Memory Channel
38 IPMI Device
39 Power Supply除了 type_id，您还可以将关键字传递给 dmidecode 命令的 -t 选项。以下是可用的关键字。
Keyword Types
------------------------------
bios 0, 13
system 1, 12, 15, 23, 32
baseboard 2, 10
chassis 3
processor 4
memory 5, 6, 16, 17
cache 7
connector 8
slot 9例如，要获取所有系统基板相关信息，请执行以下命令，该命令将显示 type_id 2 和 10
# dmidecode -t baseboard
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
Handle 0x0200, DMI type 2, 9 bytes
Base Board Information
Manufacturer: Dell Computer Corporation
Product Name: 123456
Version: A05
Serial Number: ..CN123456789098.
Handle 0x0A00, DMI type 10, 14 bytes
On Board Device 1 Information
Type: SCSI Controller
Status: Enabled
Description: LSI Logic 53C1030 Ultra 320 SCSI
On Board Device 2 Information
Type: SCSI Controller
Status: Enabled
Description: LSI Logic 53C1030 Ultra 320 SCSI
On Board Device 3 Information
Type: Video
Status: Enabled
Description: ATI Rage XL PCI Video
On Board Device 4 Information
Type: Ethernet
Status: Enabled
Description: Broadcom Gigabit Ethernet 1
On Board Device 5 Information
Type: Ethernet
Status: Enabled
Description: Broadcom Gigabit Ethernet 23.使用dmidecode获取物理内存（RAM）信息
系统支持的最大内存是多少？在这个例子中，这个系统可以支持最大 8GB 的 RAM。
# dmidecode -t 16
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
Handle 0x1000, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
Use: System Memory
Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC
Maximum Capacity: 8 GB
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Number Of Devices: 4
我可以扩展到多少内存？从 /proc/meminfo 中，您可以找到系统的当前总内存，如下所示。
# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 1034644 kB
在此示例中，系统具有 1GB 的 RAM。这是 1 x 1GB（或）2 x 512MB（或）4 x 256MB？这可以通过将类型 id 17 传递给 dmidecode 命令来计算，如下所示。请注意在下面的示例中，如果您必须将最大 RAM 扩展到 8GB，则需要从插槽 1 和 2 中删除现有的 512MB，并在所有 4 个内存插槽上使用 2GB RAM。
# dmidecode -t 17
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
Handle 0x1100, DMI type 17, 23 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 512 MB [Note: Slot1 has 512 MB RAM]
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: 1
Locator: DIMM_1A
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type: DDR
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 266 MHz (3.8 ns)
Handle 0x1101, DMI type 17, 23 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 512 MB [Note: Slot2 has 512 MB RAM]
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: 1
Locator: DIMM_1B
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type: DDR
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 266 MHz (3.8 ns)
Handle 0x1102, DMI type 17, 23 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: No Module Installed [Note: Slot3 is empty]
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: 2
Locator: DIMM_2A
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type: DDR
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 266 MHz (3.8 ns)
Handle 0x1103, DMI type 17, 23 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: No Module Installed [Note: Slot4 is empty]
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: 2
Locator: DIMM_2B
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type: DDR
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 266 MHz (3.8 ns)4.使用dmidecode获取BIOS信息
# dmidecode -t bios
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 20 bytes
BIOS Information
Vendor: Dell Computer Corporation
Version: A07
Release Date: 01/13/2004
Address: 0xF0000
Runtime Size: 64 kB
ROM Size: 4096 kB
Characteristics:
ISA is supported
PCI is supported
PNP is supported
BIOS is upgradeable
BIOS shadowing is allowed
ESCD support is available
Boot from CD is supported
Selectable boot is supported
EDD is supported
Japanese floppy for Toshiba 1.2 MB is supported (int 13h)
5.25"/360 KB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
3.5"/720 KB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
Serial services are supported (int 14h)
CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
ACPI is supported
USB legacy is supported
LS-120 boot is supported
BIOS boot specification is supported
Function key-initiated network boot is supported
Handle 0x0D00, DMI type 13, 22 bytes
BIOS Language Information
Installable Languages: 1
en|US|iso8859-1
Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-15.使用dmidecode查看设备的制造商、型号和序列号
您可以获取有关设备的品牌、型号和序列号的信息，如下所示：
# dmidecode -t system
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
Handle 0x0100, DMI type 1, 25 bytes
System Information
Manufacturer: Dell Computer Corporation
Product Name: PowerEdge 1750
Version: Not Specified
Serial Number: 1234567
UUID: 4123****-4123-1123-8123-123456789012
Wake-up Type: Power Switch
Handle 0x0C00, DMI type 12, 5 bytes
System Configuration Options
Option 1: NVRAM_CLR: Clear user settable NVRAM areas and set defaults
Option 2: PASSWD: Close to enable password
Handle 0x2000, DMI type 32, 11 bytes
System Boot Information
Status: No errors detected
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