【Linux】管理服务器硬件配置信息的常用命令

1. lshw

lshw的作用

lshw可以查看服务器硬件配置的详细信息，可以在支持DMI的x86或者IA-64系统以及power PC 机器上打印内存配置，固件版本，主板配置，cpu版本，cpu频次，缓存，总线速度等信息。

使用方法

[root@ecs-c13b ~]# lshw -help
Hardware Lister (lshw) - B.012.18
usage: lshw [-format] [-options ...] lshw -version

	-version print program version (B.012.18)（查看版本信息）

format can be
	-html output hardware tree as HTML （将设备树输出信息保存为HTML格式）
	-xml output hardware tree as XML   （保存为XML格式）
	-json output hardware tree as a JSON object  （保存为json格式）
	-short output hardware paths  （输出简短显示硬件路径的设备树信息）
	-businfo output bus information   （输出总线信息的设备列表）

options can be
	-dump OUTFILE   save hardware tree to a file
	-class CLASS only show a certain class of hardware
	-C CLASS same as '-class CLASS'
	-c CLASS same as '-class CLASS'
	-disable TEST   disable a test (like pci, isapnp, cpuid, etc. )（禁用某些检测）
	-enable TEST enable a test (like pci, isapnp, cpuid, etc. )
	-quiet don't display status  （不显示状态）
	-sanitize sanitize output (remove sensitive information like serial numbers, etc.) （从输出信息中删除可能敏感的信息，如IP地址，序列号）
	-numeric output numeric IDs (for PCI, USB, etc.) （显示数字ID）
	-notime exclude volatile attributes (timestamps) from output

[root@ecs-c13b ~]# 


  

 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
  
5
  
6
  
7
  
8
  
9
  
10
  
11
  
12
  
13
  
14
  
15
  
16
  
17
  
18
  
19
  
20
  
21
  
22
  
23
  
24
  
25
  
26
  
27
  
28
  
29
 

其中：

• enable/disable 启用或者禁用某项检测，包括
  dmi : 用于DMI/SMBIOS扩展
  spd ： 用户内存串行存在检测
  memory: 用于内存大小猜测启发式
  cpuid： 用于cpu检测
  usb: 用于USB设备
  network: 用于网络接口检测

2. lsblk

lsblk查看磁盘的设备名称和容量的对应关系

[root@ecs-c13b ~]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda 253:0 0  40G  0 disk 
└─vda1 253:1 0  40G  0 part /

  

 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
 

[root@ecs-c13b ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether fa:16:3e:5a:31:dd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.0.192/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute eth0 valid_lft 57710sec preferred_lft 57710sec inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe5a:31dd/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever


  

 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
  
5
  
6
  
7
  
8
  
9
  
10
  
11
  
12
  
13
  
14
 

[root@ecs-c13b ~]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda 253:0 0  40G  0 disk 
└─vda1 253:1 0  40G  0 part /
[root@ecs-c13b ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether fa:16:3e:5a:31:dd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.0.192/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute eth0 valid_lft 57710sec preferred_lft 57710sec inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe5a:31dd/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@ecs-c13b ~]# 

使用lshw命令可以生成一个详尽的HTML格式文件，使用浏览器打开之后更容易查看到设备型号信息。

[root@ecs-c13b ~]# lshw -short
H/W path Device Class Description
===================================================== system OpenStack Nova
/0 bus Motherboard /0/0 memory 96KiB BIOS   内存
/0/400 processor Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6266C CPU @ 3.00GHz  （CPU型号）
/0/1000 memory 4GiB System Memory
/0/1000/0 memory 4GiB DIMM RAM
/0/100 bridge 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma]
/0/100/1 bridge 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]
/0/100/1.1 storage 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]
/0/100/1.2 bus 82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II]
/0/100/1.2/1 usb1 bus UHCI Host Controller
/0/100/1.2/1/1 input QEMU USB Tablet
/0/100/1.3 bridge 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI
/0/100/2 display GD 5446
/0/100/3 network Virtio network device
/0/100/3/0 eth0 network Ethernet interface
/0/100/4 bridge QEMU PCI-PCI bridge
/0/100/5 bridge QEMU PCI-PCI bridge
/0/100/5/1 storage Virtio block device
/0/100/5/1/0 /dev/vda   disk 42GB Virtual I/O device
/0/100/5/1/0/1  /dev/vda1  volume 39GiB EXT4 volume
/0/100/6 bridge QEMU PCI-PCI bridge
/0/100/7 bridge QEMU PCI-PCI bridge
/0/100/8 bridge QEMU PCI-PCI bridge
/0/100/9 bridge QEMU PCI-PCI bridge
/0/100/a bridge QEMU PCI-PCI bridge
/0/100/b bridge QEMU PCI-PCI bridge
/0/100/c communication  Virtio console
/0/100/c/0 generic Virtual I/O device
/0/100/d generic Virtio memory balloon
/0/100/d/0 generic Virtual I/O device
/0/1 system PnP device PNP0b00
/0/2 input PnP device PNP0303
/0/3 input PnP device PNP0f13
/0/4 storage PnP device PNP0700
/0/5 communication  PnP device PNP0501
[root@ecs-c13b ~]# 


  

 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
  
5
  
6
  
7
  
8
  
9
  
10
  
11
  
12
  
13
  
14
  
15
  
16
  
17
  
18
  
19
  
20
  
21
  
22
  
23
  
24
  
25
  
26
  
27
  
28
  
29
  
30
  
31
  
32
  
33
  
34
  
35
  
36
  
37
  
38
  
39
  
40
  
41
  
42
  
43
  
44
  
45
  
46
  
47
  
48
  
49
  
50
  
51
  
52
  
53
  
54
  
55
  
56
  
57
  
58
  
59
  
60
  
61
  
62
 

文章来源: zmedu.blog.csdn.net，作者：互联网老辛，版权归原作者所有，如需转载，请联系作者。

原文链接：zmedu.blog.csdn.net/article/details/110237143