【中英双语】Kubernetes 1.18 发布
转载：https://bingohuang.com/kubernetes-1-18-release/
Authors/作者: Kubernetes 1.18 Release Team
We're pleased to announce the delivery of Kubernetes 1.18, our first release of 2020! Kubernetes 1.18 consists of 38 enhancements: 15 enhancements are moving to stable, 11 enhancements in beta, and 12 enhancements in alpha.
我们很高兴地宣布，Kubernetes 1.18发布了，这是我们2020年的第一个版本！ Kubernetes 1.18由38个增强组成: 15个稳定，11个 beta，12个 alpha。
Kubernetes 1.18 is a "fit and finish" release. Significant work has gone into improving beta and stable features to ensure users have a better experience. An equal effort has gone into adding new developments and exciting new features that promise to enhance the user experience even more.
Having almost as many enhancements in alpha, beta, and stable is a great achievement. It shows the tremendous effort made by the community on improving the reliability of Kubernetes as well as continuing to expand its existing functionality.
Kubernetes 1.18是一个“完美”的版本。为了改善用户体验，我们在beta和 stable 功能改进方面进行了大量工作：增加新的开发和新功能。对alpha，beta和 stable 版进行几乎一样多的增强是一项伟大的成就。这说明，社区在提高Kubernetes的可靠性以及继续扩展其现有功能方面所做的巨大努力。
Major Themes / 主要内容
Kubernetes Topology Manager Moves to Beta - Align Up! / Kubernetes拓扑管理器（Topology Manager ） 升级到Beta版 ！
A beta feature of Kubernetes in release 1.18, the Topology Manager feature enables NUMA alignment of CPU and devices (such as SR-IOV VFs) that will allow your workload to run in an environment optimized for low-latency. Prior to the introduction of the Topology Manager, the CPU and Device Manager would make resource allocation decisions independent of each other. This could result in undesirable allocations on multi-socket systems, causing degraded performance on latency critical applications.
拓扑管理器功能 是1.18版中Kubernetes的beta版本功能，它可以使CPU和设备（如SR-IOV VFs）实现NUMA，这将使你的工作负载在针对低延迟而优化的环境中运行。在引入拓扑管理器之前，CPU和设备管理器会做出彼此独立的资源分配决策，那么可能会导致在多套接字（ multi-socket ）系统上分配不良，从而导致关键型应用程序的性能下降。
Serverside Apply Introduces Beta 2 / Serverside Apply引入Beta 2版本
Server-side Apply was promoted to Beta in 1.16, but is now introducing a second Beta in 1.18. This new version will track and manage changes to fields of all new Kubernetes objects, allowing you to know what changed your resources and when.
Server-side Apply 在1.16中被升级为Beta，在1.18中引入Beta 2版本。这个新版本将跟踪和管理所有新Kubernetes对象的字段更改，从而使你知道更改了什么资源以及何时更改的。
Extending Ingress with and replacing a deprecated annotation with IngressClass / 使用IngressClass扩展Ingress，并用IngressClass替换不推荐使用的注释
In Kubernetes 1.18, there are two significant additions to Ingress: A new pathType field and a new IngressClass resource. The pathType field allows specifying how paths should be matched. In addition to the default ImplementationSpecific type, there are new Exact and Prefix path types.
在Kubernetes 1.18中，Ingress有两个重要的补充：一个新pathType字段和一个新IngressClass资源。该pathType字段允许指定路径应如何匹配。除了默认ImplementationSpecific类型外，还有new Exact和Prefixpath类型。
The IngressClass resource is used to describe a type of Ingress within a Kubernetes cluster. Ingresses can specify the class they are associated with by using a new ingressClassName field on Ingresses. This new resource and field replace the deprecated kubernetes.io/ingress.class annotation.
该IngressClass资源用于描述Kubernetes集群中的Ingress类型。入口可以通过ingressClassName在入口上使用新字段来指定与它们关联的类。这个新资源和字段替换了不建议使用的kubernetes.io/ingress.class注释。
SIG-CLI introduces kubectl alpha debug / SIG-CLI引入kubectl debug命令
SIG-CLI was debating the need for a debug utility for quite some time already. With the development of ephemeral containers, it became more obvious how we can support developers with tooling built on top of kubectl exec. The addition of the kubectl alpha debug command (it is alpha but your feedback is more than welcome), allows developers to easily debug their Pods inside the cluster. We think this addition is invaluable. This command allows one to create a temporary container which runs next to the Pod one is trying to examine, but also attaches to the console for interactive troubleshooting.
SIG-CLI一直在争论是否需要调试实用程序。随着临时容器(ephemeral containers)的发展，开发人员越来越需要更多类似kubectl exec的命令。该kubectl debug命令的添加（它是Alpha版本，但欢迎你提供反馈），使开发人员可以轻松地在集群中调试其Pod。我们认为这种增加是无价的。此命令允许创建一个临时容器，该容器在要检查的Pod旁边运行，并且还附加到控制台以进行交互式故障排除。
Introducing Windows CSI support alpha for Kubernetes / Alpha版本引入Windows CSI
With the release of Kubernetes 1.18, an alpha version of CSI Proxy for Windows is getting released. CSI proxy enables non-privileged (pre-approved) containers to perform privileged storage operations on Windows. CSI drivers can now be supported in Windows by leveraging CSI proxy.
随着Kubernetes 1.18的发布，用于Windows的CSI代理的Alpha版本也已发布。CSI代理使非特权（预先批准）的容器能够在Windows上执行特权存储操作。现在，可以利用CSI代理在Windows中支持CSI驱动程序。
Other Updates / 其他更新
Graduated to Stable / 稳定特性
Taint Based Eviction - 污点驱逐
CSI Block storage support - CSI块存储支持
Pass Pod information in CSI calls - 在CSI中传递Pod信息
Support Out-of-Tree vSphere Cloud Provider - 支持树形vSphere Cloud Provider
Support GMSA for Windows workloads - 为Windows工作负载支持GMSA
Skip attach for non-attachable CSI volumes - 跳过非附加CSI卷
Moving kubectl package code to staging - 将kubectl软件包代码移至暂存
AppProtocol for Services and Endpoints - 适用于服务和端点的AppProtocol
Extending Hugepage Feature - 扩展大页面功能
client-go signature refactor to standardize options and context handling - 客户端签名重构，以标准化选项和上下文处理
Node-local DNS cache - 节点本地DNS缓存
Major Changes / 主要变化
Moving kubectl package code to staging - 将kubectl软件包代码移至暂存
Extending Hugepage Feature - 扩展大页面功能
client-go signature refactor to standardize options and context handling - 客户端签名重构，以标准化选项和上下文处理
Release Notes / 发行说明
Check out the full details of the Kubernetes 1.18 release in our release notes.
在我们的发行说明中查看Kubernetes 1.18发行版的完整详细信息。
Availability / 可用性
Kubernetes 1.18 is available for download on GitHub. To get started with Kubernetes, check out these interactive tutorials or run local Kubernetes clusters using Docker container “nodes” with kind. You can also easily install 1.18 using kubeadm.
Kubernetes 1.18可以在GitHub上下载。如果要开始使用Kubernetes，可以看看这些互动式教学或使用 kind.运行本地Kubernetes集群。你还可以使用kubeadm轻松安装1.18 。
Release Team / 发布团队
This release is made possible through the efforts of hundreds of individuals who contributed both technical and non-technical content. Special thanks to the release team led by Jorge Alarcon Ochoa, Site Reliability Engineer at Searchable AI. The 34 release team members coordinated many aspects of the release, from documentation to testing, validation, and feature completeness.
通过数百名贡献了技术和非技术内容的个人的努力，使此发行成为可能。特别感谢Searchable AI网站可靠性工程师Jorge Alarcon Ochoa领导的发布团队。34位发布团队成员协调了发布的许多方面，从文档到测试，验证和功能完整性
As the Kubernetes community has grown, our release process represents an amazing demonstration of collaboration in open source software development. Kubernetes continues to gain new users at a rapid pace. This growth creates a positive feedback cycle where more contributors commit code creating a more vibrant ecosystem. Kubernetes has had over 40,000 individual contributors to date and an active community of more than 3,000 people.
随着Kubernetes社区的发展，我们的发布过程很好地展示了开源软件开发中的协作。Kubernetes继续快速地获得新用户。这种增长创造了一个积极的反馈周期，其中有更多的贡献者提交了代码，从而创建了更加活跃的生态系统。到目前为止，Kubernetes已有超过40,000个人贡献者，活跃社区有3,000多人。
Release Logo / 发布徽标
Why the LHC? / 为什么选择大型强子对撞机？
The LHC is the world’s largest and most powerful particle accelerator. It is the result of the collaboration of thousands of scientists from around the world, all for the advancement of science. In a similar manner, Kubernetes has been a project that has united thousands of contributors from hundreds of organizations – all to work towards the same goal of improving cloud computing in all aspects! "A Bit Quarky" as the release name is meant to remind us that unconventional ideas can bring about great change and keeping an open mind to diversity will lead help us innovate.
LHC是世界上最大，功能最强大的粒子加速器。这是来自世界各地成千上万科学家合作的结果，所有这些都是为了促进科学的发展。以类似的方式，Kubernetes已经成为一个项目，它聚集了来自数百个组织的数千名贡献者–所有人都朝着在各个方面改善云计算的相同目标努力！发行名称“ A Quarky”的意思是提醒我们，非常规的想法可以带来巨大的变化，对开放性保持开放态度将有助于我们进行创新。
About the designer / 关于设计师
Maru Lango is a designer currently based in Mexico City. While her area of expertise is Product Design, she also enjoys branding, illustration and visual experiments using CSS + JS and contributing to diversity efforts within the tech and design communities. You may find her in most social media as @marulango or check her website: https://marulango.com
Maru Lango是目前居住在墨西哥城的设计师。尽管她的专长是产品设计，但她还喜欢使用CSS + JS进行品牌，插图和视觉实验，并为技术和设计社区的多样性做出了贡献。你可能会在大多数社交媒体上以@marulango的身份找到她，或查看她的网站： https://www.marulango.com/
User Highlights / 用户亮点
Ericsson is using Kubernetes and other cloud native technology to deliver a highly demanding 5G network that resulted in up to 90 percent CI/CD savings. - 爱立信正在使用Kubernetes和其他云原生技术来交付高要求的5G网络，从而节省多达90％的CI / CD。
Zendesk is using Kubernetes to run around 70% of its existing applications. It’s also building all new applications to also run on Kubernetes, which has brought time savings, greater flexibility, and increased velocity to its application development. - Zendesk正在使用Kubernetes 运行约70％的现有应用程序。它还构建了所有也可以在Kubernetes上运行的新应用程序，这节省了时间，提高了灵活性并提高了其应用程序开发的速度。
LifeMiles has reduced infrastructure spending by 50% because of its move to Kubernetes. It has also allowed them to double its available resource capacity. - 由于改用Kubernetes，LifeMiles已将基础设施支出减少了50％。它还使他们可以将其可用资源容量增加一倍。
Ecosystem Updates / 生态更新
The CNCF published the results of its annual survey showing that Kubernetes usage in production is skyrocketing. The survey found that 78% of respondents are using Kubernetes in production compared to 58% last year. - CNCF公布了其年度调查的结果，该结果表明Kubernetes在生产中的使用量正在猛增。调查发现，有78％的受访者在生产中使用Kubernetes，而去年这一比例为58％。
The “Introduction to Kubernetes” course hosted by the CNCF surpassed 100,000 registrations. - CNCF举办的“ Kubernetes简介”课程已超过100,000个注册。
Project Velocity / 项目速度
The CNCF has continued refining DevStats, an ambitious project to visualize the myriad contributions that go into the project. K8s DevStats illustrates the breakdown of contributions from major company contributors, as well as an impressive set of preconfigured reports on everything from individual contributors to pull request lifecycle times.
CNCF继续完善DevStats，这是一个雄心勃勃的项目，旨在可视化项目中的大量贡献。K8s DevStats展示了主要公司贡献者的贡献细目，以及一系列令人印象深刻的预配置报告，包括从各个贡献者到请求生命周期时间的所有内容。
This past quarter, 641 different companies and over 6,409 individuals contributed to Kubernetes. Check out DevStats to learn more about the overall velocity of the Kubernetes project and community.
在过去的一个季度中，有641家不同的公司和6,409多名个人为Kubernetes做出了贡献。查看DevStats，以了解有关Kubernetes项目和社区整体速度的更多信息。
Event Update / 活动更新
Kubecon + CloudNativeCon EU 2020 is being pushed back – for the more most up-to-date information, please check the Novel Coronavirus Update page.
Kubecon + CloudNativeCon EU 2020推迟发布-有关最新信息，请查看Novel Coronavirus更新页面。
Upcoming Release Webinar / 即将举行的在线讲座
Join members of the Kubernetes 1.18 release team on April 23rd, 2020 to learn about the major features in this release including kubectl debug, Topography Manager, Ingress to V1 graduation, and client-go. Register here: https://www.cncf.io/webinars/kubernetes-1-18/.
将于2020年4月23日举行在线讲座，以了解Kubernetes 1.18版本的主要功能，包括 kubectl debug ，Topology Manager，Ingress to V1 graduation 和 client-go 。在此处注册： https://www.cncf.io/webinars/kubernetes-1-18/ 。
Get Involved / 欢迎你参与其中
The simplest way to get involved with Kubernetes is by joining one of the many Special Interest Groups (SIGs) that align with your interests. Have something you’d like to broadcast to the Kubernetes community? Share your voice at our weekly community meeting, and through the channels below. Thank you for your continued feedback and support.
参与Kubernetes的最简单方法是加入符合你的兴趣的众多特殊兴趣小组（SIG）之一。你有什么想向Kubernetes社区广播的内容吗？在我们的每周社区会议上以及通过以下渠道分享你的声音。感谢你一直以来的反馈和支持。
Reference material / 参考资料
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