php-fpm 启动失败 Permission denied

Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: start request repeated too quickly for php-fpm.service
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: Failed to start The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: Unit php-fpm.service entered failed state.
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: php-fpm.service failed.
[root@centos7-os var]# /usr/local/php8/sbin/php-fpm -t
[12-Sep-2025 12:18:24] NOTICE: configuration file /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful
[root@centos7-os var]# journalctl -u php-fpm --no-pager -n 50
-- Logs begin at Sun 2025-05-11 04:23:29 CST, end at Fri 2025-09-12 12:20:01 CST. --
Sep 12 12:17:15 centos7-os systemd[1]: Started The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.
Sep 12 12:17:15 centos7-os systemd[1]: Starting The PHP FastCGI Process Manager...
Sep 12 12:17:15 centos7-os php-fpm[25541]: [12-Sep-2025 12:17:15] ERROR: failed to open error_log (/usr/local/php8/var/log/php-fpm.log): Permission denied (13)
Sep 12 12:17:15 centos7-os php-fpm[25541]: [12-Sep-2025 12:17:15] ERROR: failed to post process the configuration
Sep 12 12:17:15 centos7-os php-fpm[25541]: [12-Sep-2025 12:17:15] ERROR: FPM initialization failed
Sep 12 12:17:15 centos7-os systemd[1]: php-fpm.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=78/n/a
Sep 12 12:17:15 centos7-os systemd[1]: Unit php-fpm.service entered failed state.
Sep 12 12:17:15 centos7-os systemd[1]: php-fpm.service failed.
Sep 12 12:17:15 centos7-os systemd[1]: php-fpm.service holdoff time over, scheduling restart.
Sep 12 12:17:15 centos7-os systemd[1]: Started The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.
Sep 12 12:17:15 centos7-os systemd[1]: Starting The PHP FastCGI Process Manager...
Sep 12 12:17:15 centos7-os php-fpm[25544]: [12-Sep-2025 12:17:15] ERROR: failed to open error_log (/usr/local/php8/var/log/php-fpm.log): Permission denied (13)
Sep 12 12:17:15 centos7-os php-fpm[25544]: [12-Sep-2025 12:17:15] ERROR: failed to post process the configuration
Sep 12 12:17:15 centos7-os php-fpm[25544]: [12-Sep-2025 12:17:15] ERROR: FPM initialization failed
Sep 12 12:17:15 centos7-os systemd[1]: php-fpm.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=78/n/a
Sep 12 12:17:15 centos7-os systemd[1]: Unit php-fpm.service entered failed state.
Sep 12 12:17:15 centos7-os systemd[1]: php-fpm.service failed.
Sep 12 12:17:15 centos7-os systemd[1]: php-fpm.service holdoff time over, scheduling restart.
Sep 12 12:17:15 centos7-os systemd[1]: Started The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.
Sep 12 12:17:15 centos7-os systemd[1]: Starting The PHP FastCGI Process Manager...
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os php-fpm[25546]: [12-Sep-2025 12:17:16] ERROR: failed to open error_log (/usr/local/php8/var/log/php-fpm.log): Permission denied (13)
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: php-fpm.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=78/n/a
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: Unit php-fpm.service entered failed state.
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: php-fpm.service failed.
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: php-fpm.service holdoff time over, scheduling restart.
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: Started The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: Starting The PHP FastCGI Process Manager...
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os php-fpm[25548]: [12-Sep-2025 12:17:16] ERROR: failed to open error_log (/usr/local/php8/var/log/php-fpm.log): Permission denied (13)
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os php-fpm[25548]: [12-Sep-2025 12:17:16] ERROR: failed to post process the configuration
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os php-fpm[25548]: [12-Sep-2025 12:17:16] ERROR: FPM initialization failed
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: php-fpm.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=78/n/a
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: Unit php-fpm.service entered failed state.
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: php-fpm.service failed.
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: php-fpm.service holdoff time over, scheduling restart.
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: Started The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: Starting The PHP FastCGI Process Manager...
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os php-fpm[25554]: [12-Sep-2025 12:17:16] ERROR: failed to open error_log (/usr/local/php8/var/log/php-fpm.log): Permission denied (13)
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os php-fpm[25554]: [12-Sep-2025 12:17:16] ERROR: failed to post process the configuration
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os php-fpm[25554]: [12-Sep-2025 12:17:16] ERROR: FPM initialization failed
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: php-fpm.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=78/n/a
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: Unit php-fpm.service entered failed state.
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: php-fpm.service failed.
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: php-fpm.service holdoff time over, scheduling restart.
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: start request repeated too quickly for php-fpm.service
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: Failed to start The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: Unit php-fpm.service entered failed state.
Sep 12 12:17:16 centos7-os systemd[1]: php-fpm.service failed.

从 journalctl 的日志来看，php-fpm 启动失败的根本原因是权限问题，具体表现为：

ERROR: failed to open error_log (/usr/local/php8/var/log/php-fpm.log): Permission denied (13)

php-fpm 进程无法写入日志文件 /usr/local/php8/var/log/php-fpm.log，导致服务初始化失败。

解决方案

1. 检查并修复日志文件权限

# 确保日志目录存在
mkdir -p /usr/local/php8/var/log/

# 修改日志文件权限（假设 php-fpm 运行用户是 nginx 或 apache）
chown -R nginx:nginx /usr/local/php8/var/log/
chmod 755 /usr/local/php8/var/log/

# 如果日志文件不存在，手动创建并设置权限
touch /usr/local/php8/var/log/php-fpm.log
chown nginx:nginx /usr/local/php8/var/log/php-fpm.log
chmod 644 /usr/local/php8/var/log/php-fpm.log

2. 检查 php-fpm 运行用户

查看 php-fpm.conf 或 www.conf（通常在 /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.d/）确认运行用户：

grep -E 'user|group' /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.conf
grep -E 'user|group' /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf

确保该用户（如 nginx、apache 或 www-data）对日志目录有写入权限。

3. 检查 SELinux 状态（如果启用）

# 查看 SELinux 状态
getenforce

# 如果启用（Enforcing），尝试临时放宽限制
setenforce 0

# 测试 php-fpm 是否能启动
systemctl start php-fpm

# 如果成功，说明是 SELinux 问题，需调整策略
chcon -R -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t /usr/local/php8/var/log/
setenforce 1  # 重新启用 SELinux

4. 清理残留进程并重启服务

# 杀死残留的 php-fpm 进程
pkill php-fpm

# 重置 systemd 启动限制
systemctl reset-failed php-fpm

# 重新启动服务
systemctl start php-fpm
systemctl status php-fpm

5. 检查其他可能的问题

• PID 文件路径：确保 php-fpm.conf 中的 pid 路径（如 /run/php-fpm/php-fpm.pid）存在且可写：

  mkdir -p /run/php-fpm
  chown nginx:nginx /run/php-fpm
  

• 端口冲突：确认 9000 端口未被占用：

  netstat -tulnp | grep 9000
  

验证修复

# 检查日志是否有新错误
tail -f /usr/local/php8/var/log/php-fpm.log

# 确认服务状态
systemctl status php-fpm

总结

• 根本原因：php-fpm 进程用户无权写入日志文件 /usr/local/php8/var/log/php-fpm.log。
• 关键修复步骤：
  1. 修正日志文件及目录的权限（chown + chmod）。
  2. 确认 php-fpm 运行用户与权限匹配。
  3. 处理 SELinux 限制（如启用）。
  4. 清理残留进程并重启服务。