Window Vscode使用dev containers进行容器化开发

目的是进行容器化开发，好处有：

1. 相对拟真的环境。
2. 资源隔离，资源随时创建，随时销毁，不会弄脏宿主机环境。
3. 集成环境更简单，更便捷。
4. 远程开发。

前置条件

• Docker Desktop
• Vscode 或 Jetbrains
• 安装Dev Containers插件

测试

官方的示例仓库:

git clone https://github.com/microsoft/vscode-remote-try-cpp.git

在.devcontainer目录下

.devcontainer.json
Dockerfile
reinstall-cmake.sh

.devcontainer.json是dev containers的配置文件，vscode在项目启动后会扫描.devcontainer.json，并提示是否切换到container环境。

完整的文件内容：

// For format details, see https://aka.ms/devcontainer.json. For config options, see the
// README at: https://github.com/devcontainers/templates/tree/main/src/cpp
{
	"name": "C++",
	"build": {
		"dockerfile": "Dockerfile"
	},

	// Features to add to the dev container. More info: https://containers.dev/features.
	// "features": {},

	// Configure tool-specific properties.
	"customizations": {
		// Configure properties specific to VS Code.
		"vscode": {
			"settings": {},
			"extensions": [
				"streetsidesoftware.code-spell-checker",
				"ms-vscode.cpptools-extension-pack"
			]
		}
	}

	// Use 'forwardPorts' to make a list of ports inside the container available locally.
	// "forwardPorts": [],

	// Use 'postCreateCommand' to run commands after the container is created.
	// "postCreateCommand": "gcc -v",

	// Uncomment to connect as root instead. More info: https://aka.ms/dev-containers-non-root.
	// "remoteUser": "root"
}

下面内容指定构建的方式是Dockerfile，适合定制化高的项目

{
  "build": {
    "dockerfile": "Dockerfile"
  }
}

也可以指定镜像，简单粗暴

{
  "image": "mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/javascript-node:1-18-bullseye",
}

extensions是指container环境中的插件

{
  "customizations": {
    // Configure properties specific to VS Code.
    "vscode": {
      "settings": {},
      "extensions": [
        "streetsidesoftware.code-spell-checker",
        "ms-vscode.cpptools-extension-pack"
      ]
    }
  }
}

可以右键点击插件添加到这里：

Dockerfile文件内容：

FROM mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/cpp:1-debian-12

ARG REINSTALL_CMAKE_VERSION_FROM_SOURCE="none"

# Optionally install the cmake for vcpkg
COPY ./reinstall-cmake.sh /tmp/

RUN if [ "${REINSTALL_CMAKE_VERSION_FROM_SOURCE}" != "none" ]; then \
        chmod +x /tmp/reinstall-cmake.sh && /tmp/reinstall-cmake.sh ${REINSTALL_CMAKE_VERSION_FROM_SOURCE}; \
    fi \
    && rm -f /tmp/reinstall-cmake.sh

# [Optional] Uncomment this section to install additional vcpkg ports.
# RUN su vscode -c "${VCPKG_ROOT}/vcpkg install <your-port-name-here>"

# [Optional] Uncomment this section to install additional packages.
# RUN apt-get update && export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
#     && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends <your-package-list-here>

在没有切换到container环境的时候，运行代码会报错：

切换到container环境：

切换到container环境后，运行代码：

过程中，只有一个槽点，就是镜像下载的慢，整体开发体验还是很棒的，现在越来越多项目使用dev containers进行开发，这事不是偶然。

以后有时间会研究多项目，多容器的使用，还有怎么远程开发，今天就简单体验一下。

参考资料：
https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/devcontainers/tutorial