Oracle Linux 6.7 安装MySQL 8.0.33

在Oracle Linux 6.7中安装MySQL 8.0.33 mysql安装位置：/mysqlsoft/mysql，数据库文件数据位置：/mysqldata/mysql
1.首先下载安装介质

mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

2. 在根目录下创建文件夹mysqlsoft和数据库数据文件/mysqldata/mysql

[root@sjbf /]# mkdir -p /mysqlsoft
[root@sjbf /]# mkdir -p /mysqldata/mysql

3.上传介质mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.gz到/mysqlsoft目录中并解压

[root@sjbf /]# cd /mysqlsoft
[root@sjbf mysqlsoft]# ll
total 527224
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 539869923 May  5 09:50 mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

[root@sjbf mysqlsoft]# tar xvJf mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

[root@sjbf mysqlsoft]# ll
total 600560
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root      4096 May  6 03:49 mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 614964216 May  5 15:28 mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

建议一般不要修改默认文件名，通过软连接来完成

[root@sjbf mysqlsoft]# ln -s mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_6 mysql
[root@sjbf mysqlsoft]# ll
total 600560
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        34 May  6 03:53 mysql -> mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_6
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root      4096 May  6 03:49 mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 614964216 May  5 15:28 mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz



[root@sjbf mysqlsoft]# cd mysql
[root@sjbf mysql]# ll
total 312
drwxr-xr-x  2 7161 31415   4096 Mar 17 02:46 bin
drwxr-xr-x  2 7161 31415   4096 Mar 17 02:46 docs
drwxr-xr-x  3 7161 31415   4096 Mar 17 02:46 include
drwxr-xr-x  6 7161 31415   4096 Mar 17 02:46 lib
-rw-r--r--  1 7161 31415 284945 Mar 17 01:22 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x  4 7161 31415   4096 Mar 17 02:46 man
-rw-r--r--  1 7161 31415    666 Mar 17 01:22 README
drwxr-xr-x 28 7161 31415   4096 Mar 17 02:46 share
drwxr-xr-x  2 7161 31415   4096 Mar 17 02:46 support-files

4. 创建mysql用户与用户组

[root@sjbf /]# groupadd mysql
[root@sjbf /]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
[root@sjbf /]# id mysql
uid=492(mysql) gid=54323(mysql) groups=54323(mysql)

因为用户只用于所有权目的，而不是登录目的，useradd命令使用-r与-s /bin/false选项来创建一个用户没有登录服务器主机的权限。

5.修改/mysqlsoft/mysql与/mysqldata/mysql目录权限

[root@sjbf /]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mysqlsoft/mysql
[root@sjbf /]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mysqldata/mysql
[root@sjbf /]# chmod -R 775 /mysqlsoft/mysql
[root@sjbf /]# chmod -R 775 /mysqldata/mysql

6. MySQL对于libaio库有依赖性。台果这个libaio库没有安装那么数据目录初始化与后续的数据库服务启动将会失败，安装libaio库执行以下操作:
查询是否安装了libaio库

[root@sjbf /]# yum search libaio
Loaded plugins: aliases, changelog, kabi, presto, refresh-packagekit, security, tmprepo, ulninfo, verify, versionlock
Loading support for kernel ABI
=========================================================================================================== N/S Matched: libaio ===========================================================================================================
libaio.i686 : Linux-native asynchronous I/O access library
libaio.x86_64 : Linux-native asynchronous I/O access library
libaio-devel.i686 : Development files for Linux-native asynchronous I/O access
libaio-devel.x86_64 : Development files for Linux-native asynchronous I/O access

  Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.

如果没有安装，可以执行下面的命令来安装

[root@sjbf /]# yum install libaio
Loaded plugins: aliases, changelog, kabi, presto, refresh-packagekit, security, tmprepo, ulninfo, verify, versionlock
Loading support for kernel ABI
Setting up Install Process
Package libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do

7.配置mysql参数
只是设置几个简单的mysql运行参数

[root@sjbf mysql]# vi my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/mysqlsoft/mysql
datadir=/mysqldata/mysql
bind-address=0.0.0.0
user=mysql
port=3306
mysqlx_port=33060
log-error=/mysqldata/mysql/mysql.err
pid-file=/mysqldata/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /mysqlsoft/mysql/mysql.sock
mysqlx_socket=/mysqlsoft/mysql/mysqlx.sock
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB

注意：log-error 一定要配置，因为如果mysql启动错误，可以从日志文件中找到错误原因。其次bind-address配置0.0.0.0是为了监听所有的连接。还有就是socket参数所指定的mysql.sock文件的路径最好设置为/tmp/mysql.sock，因为unix socket文件的缺省位置在/tmp目录中。

8.初始化mysql

[root@sjbf bin]# ./mysqld --user=mysql  --defaults-file=/mysqlsoft/mysql/my.cnf --basedir=/mysqlsoft/mysql --datadir=/mysqldata/mysql --initialize
2023-05-05T20:21:18.355164Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /mysqlsoft/mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.33) initializing of server in progress as process 26730
2023-05-05T20:21:18.412269Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2023-05-05T20:21:25.831475Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2023-05-05T20:21:42.025674Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000067] [Server] unknown variable 'defaults-file=/mysqlsoft/mysql/my.cnf'.
2023-05-05T20:21:42.025812Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-013236] [Server] The designated data directory /mysqldata/mysql/ is unusable. You can remove all files that the server added to it.
2023-05-05T20:21:42.025914Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
2023-05-05T20:21:53.091946Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /mysqlsoft/mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.33)  MySQL Community Server - GPL.

调整一下参数顺序

[root@sjbf bin]# ./mysqld --defaults-file=/mysqlsoft/mysql/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/mysqlsoft/mysql --datadir=/mysqldata/mysql



[root@sjbf mysql]# cat mysql.err
2023-05-05T20:26:01.800998Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /mysqlsoft/mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.33) initializing of server in progress as process 27188
2023-05-05T20:26:01.805553Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013242] [Server] --character-set-server: 'utf8' is currently an alias for the character set UTF8MB3, but will be an alias for UTF8MB4 in a future release. Please consider using UTF8MB4 in order to be unambiguous.
2023-05-05T20:26:01.870227Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2023-05-05T20:26:09.160682Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2023-05-05T20:26:25.588664Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: #uVfq!szm7y/

其中[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost:#uVfq!szm7y/ 的root@localhost: 后面跟的是mysql数据库登录的临时密码，各人安装生成的临时密码不一样。可以看到到日志文件没有报错，而且有了临时密码，表示初始化成功。

9. 如果想服务能够部署自动支持安全连接，使用mysql_ssl_rsa_setup工具来创建缺省SSL与RSA文件

[root@sjbf bin]# ./mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/mysqldata/mysql

10.启动mysql服务

[root@sjbf /]# sh /mysqlsoft/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
/mysqlsoft/mysql/support-files/mysql.server: line 239: my_print_defaults: command not found
/mysqlsoft/mysql/support-files/mysql.server: line 259: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directory
Starting MySQLCouldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)[FAILED]

启动mysql服务命令会报错，因为没有修改mysql的配置文件修改Mysql配置文件，修改前为以下内容

if test -z "$basedir"
then
  basedir=/usr/local/mysql
  bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
  if test -z "$datadir"
  then
    datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
  fi
  sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
  libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
else
  bindir="$basedir/bin"
  if test -z "$datadir"
  then
    datadir="$basedir/data"
  fi
  sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
  libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
fi

修改后的内容如下

if test -z "$basedir"
then
  basedir=/mysqlsoft/mysql
  bindir=/mysqlsoft/mysql/bin
  if test -z "$datadir"
  then
    datadir=/mysqldata/mysql
  fi
  sbindir=/mysqlsoft/mysql/bin
  libexecdir=/mysqlsoft/mysql/bin
else
  bindir="$basedir/bin"
  if test -z "$datadir"
  then
    datadir="$basedir/data"
  fi
  sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
  libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
fi

[root@sjbf /]# cp /mysqlsoft/mysql/support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@sjbf /]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

启动MySQL

[root@sjbf /]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL......[  OK  ]

11.配置环境变量

[root@sjbf /]#
# /etc/profile

# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc

# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.

export MYSQL_HOME=/mysqlsoft/mysql/
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin

12.登录Mysql
初始化成功后，查看初始化密码

[root@sjbf ~]# cat /mysqldata/mysql/mysql.err | grep password
2023-05-05T20:26:25.588664Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: #uVfq!szm7y/

并输入刚刚复制的密码，但是 却提示不能通过mysql.sock文件实现连接

[root@sjbf bin]# ./mysqladmin -u root -p password
Enter password:
mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed
error: 'Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)'
Check that mysqld is running and that the socket: '/tmp/mysql.sock' exists!

这里就奇怪了，因为在my.cnf文件中设置的socket文件路径为/mysqlsoft/mysql/mysql.sock，但mysql所使用的文件不是启动服务所生成的。

使用-S选项来指定生成的mysql.sock文件进行登录是可以成功登录的

[root@sjbf ~]# mysql -S /mysqlsoft/mysql/mysql.sock -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.33

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

为了方便登录不每次指定-S参数可以在my.cnf文件中指定socket参数

[client]
socket = /mysqlsoft/mysql/mysql.sock

[root@sjbf tmp]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.33

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

13.重置root用户密码

[root@sjbf tmp]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.33

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password=password("123456");
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'password("123456")' at line 1

用5.7的方法修改密码会报错

mysql> ALTER user 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

mysql> select host,user from user;
+-----------+------------------+
| host      | user             |
+-----------+------------------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema |
| localhost | mysql.session    |
| localhost | mysql.sys        |
| localhost | root             |
+-----------+------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

14.设置允许远程登录mysql
如果要远程访问数据库，只需要把拥有全部权限的root账号对应的记录的Host字段改为%就可以了

mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.13 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

测试远程登录

[root@sjbf tmp]# mysql -h 10.13.10.99 -P 3306 -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 16
Server version: 8.0.33 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.



mysql> select host,user,plugin from user;
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
| host      | user             | plugin                |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
| %         | root             | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.session    | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | caching_sha2_password |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

[root@sjbf tmp]# mysql -h 10.13.10.99 -P 3306 -uroot -p123456 --ssl-cert=/mysqldata/mysql/client-cert.pem --ssl-key=/mysqldata/mysql/client-key.pem
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 17
Server version: 8.0.33 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>