WPF常用UI库和图表库（MahApps、HandyControl、LiveCharts）

WPF有很多开源免费的UI库，本文主要介绍常见的MahApps、HandyControl两个UI库；在开发过程中经常会涉及到图表的开发，本文主要介绍LiveCharts开源图表库。

UI库

第三方UI库的使用一般都是三步：

1. Nuget安装
2. 在APP.xaml中增加资源

<Application.Resources>
    <ResourceDictionary>
        <ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
            <ResourceDictionary Source="..........xaml" />
        </ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
    </ResourceDictionary>
</Application.Resources>

3. 在MainWindow.xaml中引用命名空间xmlns:xxxx="xxxxxxx"

MahApps

MahApps.Metro官方网站

1. Nuget安装MahApps.Metro
2. App.xaml中增加

<ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
    <ResourceDictionary Source="pack://application:,,,/MahApps.Metro;component/Styles/Controls.xaml" />
    <ResourceDictionary Source="pack://application:,,,/MahApps.Metro;component/Styles/Fonts.xaml" />
    <ResourceDictionary Source="pack://application:,,,/MahApps.Metro;component/Styles/Themes/Light.Blue.xaml" />
</ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>

3. 在MainWindow.xaml中引用命名空间xmlns:mah="http://metro.mahapps.com/winfx/xaml/controls"

该UI库不仅扩展了很多扩展控件，还对原生的控件进行了美化。看一个简单案例

<mah:MetroWindow x:Class="Zhaoxi.MahAppsApp.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Zhaoxi.MahAppsApp"
        xmlns:mah="http://metro.mahapps.com/winfx/xaml/controls"
        mc:Ignorable="d" FontSize="20" WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
    <mah:MetroWindow.LeftWindowCommands>
        <mah:WindowCommands>
            <Button Content="A"/>
        </mah:WindowCommands>
    </mah:MetroWindow.LeftWindowCommands>
    <mah:MetroWindow.RightWindowCommands>
        <mah:WindowCommands>
            <Button Content="B"/>
            <Button Content="C"/>
            <Button Content="D"/>
            <Button Content="E"/>
        </mah:WindowCommands>
    </mah:MetroWindow.RightWindowCommands>
    <Grid>
        <StackPanel>
            <Button Content="Button" Width="200" Height="30" Style="{StaticResource MahApps.Styles.Button.Hamburger}"/>
            <TextBox Text="Hello" Width="200"/>
            <TabControl>
                <TabItem Header="AAA"/>
                <TabItem Header="BBB"/>
                <TabItem Header="CCCC"/>
                <TabItem Header="DDDD"/>
            </TabControl>
            <mah:MetroTabControl>
                <mah:MetroTabItem Header="AAA" CloseButtonEnabled="True"/>
                <mah:MetroTabItem Header="AAA" CloseButtonEnabled="True"/>
                <mah:MetroTabItem Header="AAA"/>
                <mah:MetroTabItem Header="AAA"/>
                <mah:MetroTabItem Header="AAA"/>
            </mah:MetroTabControl>
           
            <mah:FlipView BannerText="Hello" IsBannerEnabled="False">
                <mah:FlipViewItem Height="100" Width="300">
                    <Border Background="Orange"/>
                </mah:FlipViewItem>
                <mah:FlipViewItem Height="100" Width="300">
                    <Border Background="Green"/>
                </mah:FlipViewItem>
            </mah:FlipView>
            
        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>
</mah:MetroWindow>

因为涉及到了窗体，所以在后台类中需要继承MetroWindow

HandyControl

使用方法类似，Nuget安装HandyControl

App.xaml中引入

<Application.Resources>
    <ResourceDictionary>
        <ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
            <ResourceDictionary Source="pack://application:,,,/HandyControl;component/Themes/SkinDefault.xaml"/>
            <ResourceDictionary Source="pack://application:,,,/HandyControl;component/Themes/Theme.xaml"/>
        </ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
    </ResourceDictionary>
</Application.Resources>

HandyOrg中文官方文档

官方网站上详细介绍了各控件的使用方法和控件的展示效果，并且网站是中文的十分友好，详细使用说明直接查看官网即可。

图表库

Nuget包安装LiveCharts.Wpf

引入命名空间xmlns:lvc="clr-namespace:LiveCharts.Wpf;assembly=LiveCharts.Wpf"

<Grid>
    <lvc:CartesianChart DisableAnimations="False" Zoom="Xy">
        <lvc:CartesianChart.Series>
            <lvc:LineSeries ScalesYAt="1" Values="{Binding Values}" />
            <lvc:ColumnSeries Values="{Binding Values2}" />
        </lvc:CartesianChart.Series>
        <lvc:CartesianChart.AxisX>
            <lvc:Axis
                Title="时间"
                Labels="{Binding xLabels}"
                LabelsRotation="-45">
                <lvc:Axis.Separator>
                    <lvc:Separator Step="1" />
                </lvc:Axis.Separator>
            </lvc:Axis>
        </lvc:CartesianChart.AxisX>
        <lvc:CartesianChart.AxisY>
            <lvc:Axis
                Title="温度"
                MaxValue="100"
                MinValue="0">
                <lvc:Axis.Separator>
                    <lvc:Separator Step="10" />
                </lvc:Axis.Separator>
            </lvc:Axis>
            <lvc:Axis
                Title="压力"
                MaxValue="100"
                MinValue="0"
                Position="RightTop">
                <lvc:Axis.Separator>
                    <lvc:Separator Step="10" />
                </lvc:Axis.Separator>
            </lvc:Axis>
        </lvc:CartesianChart.AxisY>
    </lvc:CartesianChart>
</Grid>

ModelView

public class MainViewModel
{
    public ChartValues<double> Values { get; set; }
    public ChartValues<double> Values2 { get; set; }

    public ObservableCollection<string> xLabels { get; set; }
    public MainViewModel()
    {
        Values = new ChartValues<double>();
        Values2 = new ChartValues<double>();
        xLabels = new ObservableCollection<string>();
        Random random = new Random();

        Task.Factory.StartNew(async () =>
        {
            while (true)
            {
                await Task.Delay(1000);
                Values.Add(random.Next(10, 80));
                Values2.Add(random.Next(10,90));
                xLabels.Add(DateTime.Now.ToString("mm:ss"));

                if (Values.Count > 50)
                {
                    Values.RemoveAt(0);
                    Values2.RemoveAt(0);
                    xLabels.RemoveAt(0);
                }

            }
        });
    }
}

更多使用方法见官方网站

LiveCharts满足基本的需求，但是如果数据量较大的话，性能会大打折扣，如果追求性能可以使用下ScottPlot开源库，但是该库某些功能没有实现。如果对性能有较高的要求，也可以使用LightningChart.NET,不过这是收费的组件库。