跨磁盘扩容根目录

LVM 的基本概念

物理卷 Physical Volume (PV)：可以在上面建立卷组的媒介，可以是硬盘分区，也可以是硬盘本身或者回环文件（loopback file）。物理卷包括一个特殊的 header，其余部分被切割为一块块物理区域（physical extents）

卷组 Volume group (VG)：将一组物理卷收集为一个管理单元

逻辑卷 Logical volume (LV)：虚拟分区，由物理区域（physical extents）组成

物理区域 Physical extent (PE)：硬盘可供指派给逻辑卷的最小单位（通常为 4MB）

查看磁盘关系

# 查看磁盘关系

root@hello:~# lsblk 
NAME                      MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
loop0                       7:0    0 55.6M  1 loop /snap/core18/2667
loop1                       7:1    0 55.6M  1 loop /snap/core18/2679
loop2                       7:2    0 63.2M  1 loop /snap/core20/1738
loop3                       7:3    0 63.3M  1 loop /snap/core20/1778
loop4                       7:4    0 91.8M  1 loop /snap/lxd/23991
loop5                       7:5    0 91.8M  1 loop /snap/lxd/24061
loop6                       7:6    0 49.6M  1 loop /snap/snapd/17883
loop7                       7:7    0 49.8M  1 loop /snap/snapd/17950
sda                         8:0    0  100G  0 disk 
├─sda1                      8:1    0    1M  0 part 
├─sda2                      8:2    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda3                      8:3    0   99G  0 part 
  └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0    0 98.5G  0 lvm  /
sdb                         8:16   0  100G  0 disk 
root@hello:~# 

新建分区

# 新建分区
root@hello:~# fdisk /dev/sdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.37.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xd97cd23b.

Command (m for help): g
Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: CED3C27F-6F17-D940-A99F-191D881FCD91).

Command (m for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 
First sector (2048-209715166, default 2048): 
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-209715166, default 209715166): 

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 100 GiB.

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK   
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: CED3C27F-6F17-D940-A99F-191D881FCD91

Device     Start       End   Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sdb1   2048 209715166 209713119  100G Linux filesystem

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

root@hello:~# 

查看磁盘关系

# 查看磁盘关系
root@hello:~# lsblk 
NAME                      MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
loop0                       7:0    0 55.6M  1 loop /snap/core18/2667
loop1                       7:1    0 55.6M  1 loop /snap/core18/2679
loop2                       7:2    0 63.2M  1 loop /snap/core20/1738
loop3                       7:3    0 63.3M  1 loop /snap/core20/1778
loop4                       7:4    0 91.8M  1 loop /snap/lxd/23991
loop5                       7:5    0 91.8M  1 loop /snap/lxd/24061
loop6                       7:6    0 49.6M  1 loop /snap/snapd/17883
loop7                       7:7    0 49.8M  1 loop /snap/snapd/17950
sda                         8:0    0  100G  0 disk 
├─sda1                      8:1    0    1M  0 part 
├─sda2                      8:2    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda3                      8:3    0   99G  0 part 
  └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0    0 98.5G  0 lvm  /
sdb                         8:16   0  100G  0 disk 
└─sdb1                      8:17   0  100G  0 part 
root@hello:~# 

创建PV并查看

# 创建PV并查看
root@hello:~# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name               ubuntu-vg
  PV Size               <99.00 GiB / not usable 0   
  Allocatable           yes 
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              25343
  Free PE               127
  Allocated PE          25216
  PV UUID               Dys0fV-H7vi-KfCz-5Flh-n724-mjP4-dtzzJ5
   
root@hello:~#
root@hello:~# pvcreate  /dev/sdb1 
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
root@hello:~# 
root@hello:~# 
root@hello:~# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name               ubuntu-vg
  PV Size               <99.00 GiB / not usable 0   
  Allocatable           yes 
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              25343
  Free PE               127
  Allocated PE          25216
  PV UUID               Dys0fV-H7vi-KfCz-5Flh-n724-mjP4-dtzzJ5
   
  "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "<100.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1
  VG Name               
  PV Size               <100.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               iR6wd1-QDJc-oqm7-dxF5-JzvB-e2Ta-LSciIm
   
root@hello:~# 

扩展VG并查看

# 扩展VG并查看
root@hello:~# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               ubuntu-vg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <99.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              25343
  Alloc PE / Size       25216 / 98.50 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       127 / 508.00 MiB
  VG UUID               MJt4Ho-TZ8N-vBhS-TMnK-nSPa-2orh-MbV9jr
   
root@hello:~#
root@hello:~# vgextend ubuntu-vg /dev/sdb1
  Volume group "ubuntu-vg" successfully extended
root@hello:~# 
root@hello:~# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               ubuntu-vg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               198.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              50942
  Alloc PE / Size       25216 / 98.50 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       25726 / 100.49 GiB
  VG UUID               MJt4Ho-TZ8N-vBhS-TMnK-nSPa-2orh-MbV9jr
   
root@hello:~# 

扩展LV并查看

# 扩展LV并查看
root@hello:~# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
  LV Name                ubuntu-lv
  VG Name                ubuntu-vg
  LV UUID                5DDQEu-kuMX-VU3G-Gck0-5Pjq-bMzO-cHnbIr
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time ubuntu-server, 2021-09-23 11:50:37 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                98.50 GiB
  Current LE             25216
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0
   
root@hello:~# 
root@hello:~# lvextend /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv /dev/sdb1
  Size of logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv changed from 98.50 GiB (25216 extents) to <198.50 GiB (50815 extents).
  Logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv successfully resized.
root@hello:~# 
root@hello:~# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
  LV Name                ubuntu-lv
  VG Name                ubuntu-vg
  LV UUID                5DDQEu-kuMX-VU3G-Gck0-5Pjq-bMzO-cHnbIr
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time ubuntu-server, 2021-09-23 11:50:37 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <198.50 GiB
  Current LE             50815
  Segments               2
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0
   
root@hello:~# 

扩展根目录

# 扩展根目录
root@hello:~# resize2fs /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
resize2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
Filesystem at /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 13, new_desc_blocks = 25
The filesystem on /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv is now 52034560 (4k) blocks long.

查看空间和关系

# 查看空间和关系
root@hello:~#  df -hT 
Filesystem                        Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                             tmpfs  393M  6.0M  387M   2% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv ext4   196G   31G  156G  17% /
tmpfs                             tmpfs  2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                             tmpfs  5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2                         ext4   974M  247M  660M  28% /boot
tmpfs                             tmpfs  393M  4.0K  393M   1% /run/user/0
root@hello:~# 
root@hello:~# 
root@hello:~# lsblk
NAME                      MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
loop0                       7:0    0  55.6M  1 loop /snap/core18/2667
loop1                       7:1    0  55.6M  1 loop /snap/core18/2679
loop2                       7:2    0  63.2M  1 loop /snap/core20/1738
loop3                       7:3    0  63.3M  1 loop /snap/core20/1778
loop4                       7:4    0  91.8M  1 loop /snap/lxd/23991
loop5                       7:5    0  91.8M  1 loop /snap/lxd/24061
loop6                       7:6    0  49.6M  1 loop /snap/snapd/17883
loop7                       7:7    0  49.8M  1 loop /snap/snapd/17950
sda                         8:0    0   100G  0 disk 
├─sda1                      8:1    0     1M  0 part 
├─sda2                      8:2    0     1G  0 part /boot
└─sda3                      8:3    0    99G  0 part 
  └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0    0 198.5G  0 lvm  /
sdb                         8:16   0   100G  0 disk 
└─sdb1                      8:17   0   100G  0 part 
  └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0    0 198.5G  0 lvm  /
root@hello:~# 

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