微信扫码登录实现

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别团等shy哥发育 发表于 2023/02/02 11:20:30 2023/02/02
【摘要】 一、准备工作https://open.weixin.qq.com1、注册2、邮箱激活3、完善开发者资料4、开发者资质认证准备营业执照,1-2个工作日审批、300元5、创建网站应用提交审核,7个工作日审批6、熟悉微信登录流程参考文档:https://open.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/showdocument?action=dir_list&t=resource/res_l...

一、准备工作

https://open.weixin.qq.com
1、注册
2、邮箱激活
3、完善开发者资料
4、开发者资质认证
准备营业执照,1-2个工作日审批、300元
5、创建网站应用
提交审核,7个工作日审批
6、熟悉微信登录流程
参考文档:https://open.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/showdocument?action=dir_list&t=resource/res_list&verify=1&id=open1419316505&token=e547653f995d8f402704d5cb2945177dc8aa4e7e&lang=zh_CN
获取access_token时序图
在这里插入图片描述

注意:个人开发者是不能申请的,必须要有营业执照,如果实在用不了的话,考虑使用微信公众平台,我下面是用了别人的appid和密钥。

二、微信登录后端开发

2.1 添加配置

application.properties配置文件:

# 微信开放平台 appid
wx.open.app_id=你的appid
# 微信开放平台 appsecret
wx.open.app_secret=你的appsecret
# 微信开放平台 重定向url
wx.open.redirect_url=http://你的服务器名称/api/ucenter/wx/callback

2.2 创建常量类,创建ConstantPropertiesUtil.java常量类

import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * 读取微信登录的相关配置
 */
@Component
public class ConstantWxUtils implements InitializingBean {
    @Value("${wx.open.app_id}")
    private String appId;

    @Value("${wx.open.app_secret}")
    private String appSecret;

    @Value("${wx.open.redirect_url}")
    private String redirectUrl;

    public static String WX_OPEN_APP_ID;
    public static String WX_OPEN_APP_SECRET;
    public static String WX_OPEN_REDIRECT_URL;

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        WX_OPEN_APP_ID = appId;
        WX_OPEN_APP_SECRET = appSecret;
        WX_OPEN_REDIRECT_URL = redirectUrl;
    }
}

2.3 创建controller

WxApiController

import com.atguigu.commonutils.JwtUtils;
import com.atguigu.educenter.entity.UcenterMember;
import com.atguigu.educenter.service.UcenterMemberService;
import com.atguigu.educenter.utils.ConstantWxUtils;
import com.atguigu.educenter.utils.HttpClientUtils;
import com.atguigu.servicebase.exceptionhandler.GuliException;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CrossOrigin;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.HashMap;

@Controller //只是请求地址  不需要返回数据  不用RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/ucenter/wx")
@CrossOrigin
public class WxApiController {

    //1、生成微信扫描的二维码
    @GetMapping("login")
    public String getWxCode(){
        //固定地址,后面拼接参数
        // 微信开放平台授权baseUrl %s相当于?占位符
        String baseUrl = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/qrconnect" +
                "?appid=%s" +
                "&redirect_uri=%s" +
                "&response_type=code" +
                "&scope=snsapi_login" +
                "&state=%s" +
                "#wechat_redirect";
        //对redirect_url进行URLEncoder编码
        String redirect_url=ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_REDIRECT_URL;
        try {
            redirect_url = URLEncoder.encode(redirect_url, "utf-8");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //设置%s里面的值
        String url = String.format(baseUrl,
                ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_APP_ID,
                redirect_url,
                "atguigu"
        );
        //重定向到请求微信地址里面
        return "redirect:"+url;
    }
}

授权url参数说明

参数 是否必须 说明
appid 应用唯一标识
redirect_uri 请使用urlEncode对链接进行处理
response_type 填code
scope 应用授权作用域,拥有多个作用域用逗号(,)分隔,网页应用目前仅填写snsapi_login
state 用于保持请求和回调的状态,授权请求后原样带回给第三方。该参数可用于防止csrf攻击(跨站请求伪造攻击),建议第三方带上该参数,可设置为简单的随机数加session进行校验

2.4 测试

访问:http://localhost:8160/api/ucenter/wx/login
在这里插入图片描述
手机扫描二维码之后的界面如下
在这里插入图片描述
网页上面也会显示
在这里插入图片描述

三、获取微信扫描人的信息

3.1 测试回调是否可用

回调的url我们在登录的controller中已经制定了,如下图
在这里插入图片描述
扫描之后,执行本地的callback方法,在callback获取两个值,在跳转的时候传递过来。
state:原样传递
code:类似于手机验证码,随机唯一的值(临时票据)

  //2、获取扫描人信息,添加数据
    @GetMapping("callback")
    public String callback(String code,String state){
		//得到授权临时票据code
    System.out.println("code = " + code);
    System.out.println("state = " + state);
}

3.2 添加依赖

这里没指定版本是因为我已经在父项目中指定过了,我开发的是微服务项目,你根据自己情况。

 <!--httpclient-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--commons-io-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--gson-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
    <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
</dependency>

3.3 添加httpclient工具类

httpclient主要是通过java代码的方式也可以实现和浏览器访问一样的效果。我们主要用这个去调用微信官方提供的接口。

import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig.Builder;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.X509HostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 *  依赖的jar包有:commons-lang-2.6.jar、httpclient-4.3.2.jar、httpcore-4.3.1.jar、commons-io-2.4.jar
 * @author zhaoyb
 *
 */
public class HttpClientUtils {

	public static final int connTimeout=10000;
	public static final int readTimeout=10000;
	public static final String charset="UTF-8";
	private static HttpClient client = null;

	static {
		PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
		cm.setMaxTotal(128);
		cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(128);
		client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).build();
	}

	public static String postParameters(String url, String parameterStr) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception{
		return post(url,parameterStr,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",charset,connTimeout,readTimeout);
	}

	public static String postParameters(String url, String parameterStr,String charset, Integer connTimeout, Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception{
		return post(url,parameterStr,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",charset,connTimeout,readTimeout);
	}

	public static String postParameters(String url, Map<String, String> params) throws ConnectTimeoutException,
			SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
		return postForm(url, params, null, connTimeout, readTimeout);
	}

	public static String postParameters(String url, Map<String, String> params, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException,
			SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
		return postForm(url, params, null, connTimeout, readTimeout);
	}

	public static String get(String url) throws Exception {
		return get(url, charset, null, null);
	}

	public static String get(String url, String charset) throws Exception {
		return get(url, charset, connTimeout, readTimeout);
	}

	/**
	 * 发送一个 Post 请求, 使用指定的字符集编码.
	 *
	 * @param url
	 * @param body RequestBody
	 * @param mimeType 例如 application/xml "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" a=1&b=2&c=3
	 * @param charset 编码
	 * @param connTimeout 建立链接超时时间,毫秒.
	 * @param readTimeout 响应超时时间,毫秒.
	 * @return ResponseBody, 使用指定的字符集编码.
	 * @throws ConnectTimeoutException 建立链接超时异常
	 * @throws SocketTimeoutException  响应超时
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String post(String url, String body, String mimeType,String charset, Integer connTimeout, Integer readTimeout)
			throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
		HttpClient client = null;
		HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
		String result = "";
		try {
			if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(body)) {
				HttpEntity entity = new StringEntity(body, ContentType.create(mimeType, charset));
				post.setEntity(entity);
			}
			// 设置参数
			Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom();
			if (connTimeout != null) {
				customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout);
			}
			if (readTimeout != null) {
				customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout);
			}
			post.setConfig(customReqConf.build());

			HttpResponse res;
			if (url.startsWith("https")) {
				// 执行 Https 请求.
				client = createSSLInsecureClient();
				res = client.execute(post);
			} else {
				// 执行 Http 请求.
				client = HttpClientUtils.client;
				res = client.execute(post);
			}
			result = IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), charset);
		} finally {
			post.releaseConnection();
			if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null&& client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) {
				((CloseableHttpClient) client).close();
			}
		}
		return result;
	}


	/**
	 * 提交form表单
	 *
	 * @param url
	 * @param params
	 * @param connTimeout
	 * @param readTimeout
	 * @return
	 * @throws ConnectTimeoutException
	 * @throws SocketTimeoutException
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String postForm(String url, Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException,
			SocketTimeoutException, Exception {

		HttpClient client = null;
		HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
		try {
			if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
				List<NameValuePair> formParams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
				Set<Entry<String, String>> entrySet = params.entrySet();
				for (Entry<String, String> entry : entrySet) {
					formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
				}
				UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formParams, Consts.UTF_8);
				post.setEntity(entity);
			}

			if (headers != null && !headers.isEmpty()) {
				for (Entry<String, String> entry : headers.entrySet()) {
					post.addHeader(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
				}
			}
			// 设置参数
			Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom();
			if (connTimeout != null) {
				customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout);
			}
			if (readTimeout != null) {
				customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout);
			}
			post.setConfig(customReqConf.build());
			HttpResponse res = null;
			if (url.startsWith("https")) {
				// 执行 Https 请求.
				client = createSSLInsecureClient();
				res = client.execute(post);
			} else {
				// 执行 Http 请求.
				client = HttpClientUtils.client;
				res = client.execute(post);
			}
			return IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), "UTF-8");
		} finally {
			post.releaseConnection();
			if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null
					&& client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) {
				((CloseableHttpClient) client).close();
			}
		}
	}




	/**
	 * 发送一个 GET 请求
	 *
	 * @param url
	 * @param charset
	 * @param connTimeout  建立链接超时时间,毫秒.
	 * @param readTimeout  响应超时时间,毫秒.
	 * @return
	 * @throws ConnectTimeoutException   建立链接超时
	 * @throws SocketTimeoutException   响应超时
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String get(String url, String charset, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout)
			throws ConnectTimeoutException,SocketTimeoutException, Exception {

		HttpClient client = null;
		HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
		String result = "";
		try {
			// 设置参数
			Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom();
			if (connTimeout != null) {
				customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout);
			}
			if (readTimeout != null) {
				customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout);
			}
			get.setConfig(customReqConf.build());

			HttpResponse res = null;

			if (url.startsWith("https")) {
				// 执行 Https 请求.
				client = createSSLInsecureClient();
				res = client.execute(get);
			} else {
				// 执行 Http 请求.
				client = HttpClientUtils.client;
				res = client.execute(get);
			}

			result = IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), charset);
		} finally {
			get.releaseConnection();
			if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null && client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) {
				((CloseableHttpClient) client).close();
			}
		}
		return result;
	}


	/**
	 * 从 response 里获取 charset
	 *
	 * @param ressponse
	 * @return
	 */
	@SuppressWarnings("unused")
	private static String getCharsetFromResponse(HttpResponse ressponse) {
		// Content-Type:text/html; charset=GBK
		if (ressponse.getEntity() != null  && ressponse.getEntity().getContentType() != null && ressponse.getEntity().getContentType().getValue() != null) {
			String contentType = ressponse.getEntity().getContentType().getValue();
			if (contentType.contains("charset=")) {
				return contentType.substring(contentType.indexOf("charset=") + 8);
			}
		}
		return null;
	}



	/**
	 * 创建 SSL连接
	 * @return
	 * @throws GeneralSecurityException
	 */
	private static CloseableHttpClient createSSLInsecureClient() throws GeneralSecurityException {
		try {
			SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() {
				public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,String authType) throws CertificateException {
					return true;
				}
			}).build();

			SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, new X509HostnameVerifier() {

				@Override
				public boolean verify(String arg0, SSLSession arg1) {
					return true;
				}

				@Override
				public void verify(String host, SSLSocket ssl)
						throws IOException {
				}

				@Override
				public void verify(String host, X509Certificate cert)
						throws SSLException {
				}

				@Override
				public void verify(String host, String[] cns,
								   String[] subjectAlts) throws SSLException {
				}

			});

			return HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();

		} catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
			throw e;
		}
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			String str= post("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml","name=12&page=34","application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "UTF-8", 10000, 10000);
			//String str= get("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml?name=12&page=34","GBK");
            /*Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
            map.put("name", "111");
            map.put("page", "222");
            String str= postForm("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml",map,null, 10000, 10000);*/
			System.out.println(str);
		} catch (ConnectTimeoutException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

3.4 创建回调controller方法

1、回调的时候大致的想法就是拿着上面扫描登录获取到的code值,请求微信提供的地址https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=APPID&secret=SECRET&code=CODE&grant_type=authorization_code获取到两个值access_tokenopenid
这块参考微信官网文档https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/oplatform/Website_App/WeChat_Login/Wechat_Login.html
2、然后拿着上面获取到的access_tokenopenid,再去请求微信提供的地址https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo?access_token=%s&openid=%s,%s是我的占位符,你根据自己情况修改,到这里就可以获取到微信扫描人的信息了,比如微信昵称、微信头像、openid等等。
在WxApiController.java中添加如下方法

 @Autowired
    private UcenterMemberService memberService;

    //2、获取扫描人信息,添加数据
    @GetMapping("callback")
    public String callback(String code,String state){
        try {
            //1、获取到code值,临时票据,类似于验证码
            //2、拿着code去请求微信固定的地址,得到两个值 access_token和openid
            String baseAccessTokenUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token" +
                    "?appid=%s" +
                    "&secret=%s" +
                    "&code=%s" +
                    "&grant_type=authorization_code";
            //拼接三个参数:id 密钥和code值
            String accessTokenUrl = String.format(baseAccessTokenUrl,
                    ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_APP_ID,
                    ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_APP_SECRET,
                    code
            );
            //请求这个拼接好的地址,得到两个值 access_token和openid
            //使用httpclient发送请求,得到返回结果
            String accessTokenInfo = HttpClientUtils.get(accessTokenUrl);
//            System.out.println("accessTokenInfo:"+accessTokenInfo);
            //从accessTokenInfo字符串里面获取access_token和openid两个值
            //把accessTokenInfo字符串转换成map集合,根据Map里面的key获取对应值
            //使用json转换工具 Gson
            Gson gson=new Gson();
            HashMap mapAccessToken = gson.fromJson(accessTokenInfo, HashMap.class);
            String access_token = (String) mapAccessToken.get("access_token");
            String openid = (String) mapAccessToken.get("openid");

            //把扫码人信息添加到数据库里面
            //判断数据库里面是否存在相同的微信信息,根据openid判断
            UcenterMember member = memberService.getOpenIdMember(openid);
            if(member ==null){  //member是空,表示表里面没有相同的微信数据,进行添加

                //3、拿着得到的access_token和openid,再去请求微信提供的固定地址,获取扫码人的信息
                //访问微信的资源服务器,获取用户信息
                String baseUserInfoUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo" +
                        "?access_token=%s" +
                        "&openid=%s";
                String userInfoUrl= String.format(
                        baseUserInfoUrl,
                        access_token,
                        openid
                );
                //发送请求
                String userInfo = HttpClientUtils.get(userInfoUrl);
//            System.out.println("userInfo:"+userInfo);
                //获取返回userInfo中的用户信息(扫码人信息)
                HashMap userInfoMap = gson.fromJson(userInfo, HashMap.class);
                String nickname = (String) userInfoMap.get("nickname"); //昵称
                String headimgurl = (String) userInfoMap.get("headimgurl"); //头像

                member=new UcenterMember();
                member.setOpenid(openid);
                member.setNickname(nickname);
                member.setAvatar(headimgurl);
                memberService.save(member); //添加
            }
            //使用jwt根据member对象生成token字符串
            String jwtToken = JwtUtils.getJwtToken(member.getId(), member.getNickname());
            //最后  返回首页面,通过路径传递token字符串
            return "redirect:http://localhost:3000?token="+jwtToken;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new GuliException(20001,"登录失败");
        }
    }

  上面还做了个判断,如果是第一次登录,则将信息添加到数据库中。

3.5 前端显示扫描人信息

  这里其实后端开发人员的工作已经基本做完了,但是如果想在前端显示的话,我们最好还是根据微信信息使用jwt,生成token字符串,把token字符串通过路径传递到首页面。
上一步的代码已经包含了这一步。

  //使用jwt根据member对象生成token字符串
            String jwtToken = JwtUtils.getJwtToken(member.getId(), member.getNickname());
            //最后  返回首页面,通过路径传递token字符串
            return "redirect:http://localhost:3000?token="+jwtToken;

3.6 登录之后的前端显示效果

  前端代码我就不放出来了,你根据自己需要实现自己想要的效果就行,我登录之后通过回调最后登录到了首页面,并在右上方显示信息(头像、昵称等等)。
在这里插入图片描述

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