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【愚公系列】2023年01月 .NET CORE工具案例-DotnetSpider爬虫框架的配置式爬虫

愚公搬代码发表于 2023/01/31 21:33:08 2023/01/31

【摘要】前言 1.DotnetSpider概述DotnetSpider 是一个轻量、灵活、高性能、跨平台的分布式网络爬虫框架，可以帮助 .NET 工程师快速的完成爬虫的开发。 2.DotnetSpider模块介绍爬虫的基本流程是：下载数据（发送 HTTP 请求并获得返回的 resonse) -> 解析返回的文本（可以是 text、json、html) -> 存储解析到的数据，针对这三个主逻辑，我们...

前言

1.DotnetSpider概述

DotnetSpider 是一个轻量、灵活、高性能、跨平台的分布式网络爬虫框架，可以帮助 .NET 工程师快速的完成爬虫的开发。

2.DotnetSpider模块介绍

爬虫的基本流程是：下载数据（发送 HTTP 请求并获得返回的 resonse) -> 解析返回的文本（可以是 text、json、html) -> 存储解析到的数据，针对这三个主逻辑，我们可以再细下成以下模块。

Scheduler 调度器：用于对采集请求的去重、采集顺序控制，默认实现了广度优先和深度优先两种调度器。调度器可以采用不同的 Hash 去重器，通常使用默认的 HashSetDuplicateRemover 即可，若是采集量很大可以使用 BloomFilterDuplicateRemover。若想要调度海量的请求或者有重启续跑这样的需求，则需要自行实现基于数据库（关系型数据库、Redis等）的调度器。
下载代理器：下载代理器可以部署在不同的机器上，若是单机爬虫则是每个爬虫实例会启动一个单独的下载代理器。下载代理器负责接收需要下载的请求并使用对应的下载器（HttpClient,Puppter 或者自定义实现的下载器）。
下载代理器注册服务：此服务仅用于接收下载代理器的注册、心跳，即便不启用起服务也并不会影响爬虫的使用。单机爬虫会默认启用一个内存型的注册服务。
统计服务：统计各个爬虫和下载代理器的运行状态，如爬虫总的请求数、成功的请求数等，下载代理器总的成功请求数、总的消耗时间等
请求供应接口：在很多场景下可能下载请求是可以提前知道或存在某个地方（可以是文件、数据库）
请求配置（Spider.ConfigureRequest）：一般情况下请求都可以自动构建好，但在某些特别情况下如加 sign 等，可以统一处理。
DataFlow: 数据流分两种，解析器和存储器。最极端情况是你不想搞那么复杂，解析和存储都自己在一个 DataFlow中实现。一个爬虫可以有多个 DataFlow，执行顺序按添加顺序，在任意一个 DataFlow 中抛出异常都会中断整个处理流程。
代理池：每个爬虫实例会启动一个代理后台服务，此后台服务定时从注册的 IProxySupplier中获取新的代理，每个获得的新代理需要经过检测成功才会入到代理池。在配置文件中或者 Builder创建时可以配置测试地址：ProxyTestUri
并发控制器：并发控制器以一定速度从 Scheduler 中获取请求并推到到消息队列中，这些请求会缓存在 RequestedQueue中，这个队列是使用低开销的 HashedWheelTimer 实现的，若在一定时间内未收到下载代理器返回的消息，则认为是 Timeout 触发重试直到超过重试次数限制。

DotnetSpider官网：https://github.com/dotnetcore/DotnetSpider

一、DotnetSpider爬虫框架的配置式爬虫

1.安装包

Install-Package DotnetSpider
Install-Package Serilog.AspNetCore
Install-Package Serilog.Sinks.Console
Install-Package Serilog.Sinks.File
Install-Package Serilog.Sinks.PeriodicBatching
Install-Package DotnetSpider.MySql

2.创建EntitySpider类

1、下面按一个配置式爬虫完整案例，页面和代码如下

using DotnetSpider.DataFlow.Parser.Formatters;
using DotnetSpider.DataFlow.Parser;
using DotnetSpider.DataFlow.Storage;
using DotnetSpider.Http;
using DotnetSpider.Infrastructure;
using DotnetSpider.Selector;
using DotnetSpider;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using DotnetSpider.Downloader;
using Serilog;
using DotnetSpider.Scheduler;
using DotnetSpider.Scheduler.Component;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using DotnetSpider.MySql.Scheduler;
public class EntitySpider : Spider
    {
        public static async Task RunAsync()
        {
            var builder = Builder.CreateDefaultBuilder<EntitySpider>(options =>
            {
                options.Speed = 1;
            });
            //使用下载器
            builder.UseDownloader<HttpClientDownloader>();
            //使用日志
            builder.UseSerilog();
            //忽略证书报错
            builder.IgnoreServerCertificateError();
            builder.UseQueueDistinctBfsScheduler<HashSetDuplicateRemover>();
            await builder.Build().RunAsync();
        }

        public static async Task RunMySqlQueueAsync()
        {
            var builder = Builder.CreateDefaultBuilder<EntitySpider>(options =>
            {
                options.Speed = 1;
            });
            builder.UseDownloader<HttpClientDownloader>();
            builder.UseSerilog();
            builder.IgnoreServerCertificateError();
            builder.UseMySqlQueueBfsScheduler(x =>
            {
                x.ConnectionString = builder.Configuration["SchedulerConnectionString"];
            });
            await builder.Build().RunAsync();
        }
        public EntitySpider(IOptions<SpiderOptions> options, DependenceServices services,
            ILogger<Spider> logger) : base(
            options, services, logger)
        {
        }

        protected override async Task InitializeAsync(CancellationToken stoppingToken = default)
        {
            //添加数据解析器CnblogsEntry
            AddDataFlow(new DataParser<CnblogsEntry>());
            // 使用默认存储器
            AddDataFlow(GetDefaultStorage());
            //添加异步请求地址
            await AddRequestsAsync(
                new Request(
                    "https://news.cnblogs.com/n/page/1", new Dictionary<string, object> { { "网站", "博客园" } }));
        }
        //生成的爬虫ID
        protected override SpiderId GenerateSpiderId()
        {
            return new(ObjectId.CreateId().ToString(), "博客园");
        }

        [Schema("cnblogs", "news")]//数据库，数据表
        [EntitySelector(Expression = ".//div[@class='news_block']", Type = SelectorType.XPath)]//页面对象：表示使用 XPath 查询器查询出符合 .//div[@class='news_block'] 的所有内容块，每个内容块为一个数据对象，也即对应一条数据。
        [GlobalValueSelector(Expression = ".//a[@class='current']", Name = "类别", Type = SelectorType.XPath)]//表示使用 XPath 查询器 .//a[@class='current'] 结果若为 v 则保存为 { key: 类别, value: v }，然后在数据实体中可以配置环境查询来设置值
        [GlobalValueSelector(Expression = "//title", Name = "Title", Type = SelectorType.XPath)]
        [FollowRequestSelector(Expressions = new[] { "//div[@class='pager']" })]//默认表示使用 XPath 查询器 //div[@class='pager'] 查询到的页面元素里的所有链接都尝试加入到 Scheduler 中，也可以使用其它类型的查询器
        public class CnblogsEntry : EntityBase<CnblogsEntry>
        {
            protected override void Configure()
            {
                HasIndex(x => x.Title);
                HasIndex(x => new { x.WebSite, x.Guid }, true);
            }

            public int Id { get; set; }

            [Required]
            [StringLength(200)]
            [ValueSelector(Expression = "类别", Type = SelectorType.Environment)]
            public string Category { get; set; }

            [Required]
            [StringLength(200)]
            [ValueSelector(Expression = "网站", Type = SelectorType.Environment)]
            public string WebSite { get; set; }

            [StringLength(200)]
            [ValueSelector(Expression = "Title", Type = SelectorType.Environment)]
            [ReplaceFormatter(NewValue = "", OldValue = " - 博客园")]
            public string Title { get; set; }

            [StringLength(40)]
            [ValueSelector(Expression = "GUID", Type = SelectorType.Environment)]
            public string Guid { get; set; }

            [ValueSelector(Expression = ".//h2[@class='news_entry']/a")]
            public string News { get; set; }

            [ValueSelector(Expression = ".//h2[@class='news_entry']/a/@href")]
            public string Url { get; set; }

            [ValueSelector(Expression = ".//div[@class='entry_summary']")]
            [TrimFormatter]
            public string PlainText { get; set; }

            [ValueSelector(Expression = "DATETIME", Type = SelectorType.Environment)]
            public DateTime CreationTime { get; set; }
        }
    }

配置文件代码如下

{
  "StorageType": "DotnetSpider.MySql.MySqlEntityStorage, DotnetSpider.MySql",
  "MySql": {
    "ConnectionString": "Database='mysql';Data Source=localhost;password=123456;User ID=root;Port=3306;",
    "Mode": "InsertIgnoreDuplicate"
  },
  "SchedulerConnectionString": "Database='scheduler';Data Source=localhost;password=123456;User ID=root;Port=3306;"
}

Mode 表示数据存储器的模式：

Insert：直接插入，若遇到重复索引可能会有异常导致爬虫中止。所有数据库都支持
InsertIgnoreDuplicate：若数据没有违反重复约束则插入，若有重复则忽略，不是所有数据库都支持此种模式
InsertAndUpdate：若数据不存在则插入，重复则更新
Update：只做更新

2、参数说明：

数据实体：实体必须继承自 EntityBase<>，只有继承自 EntityBase<> 的数据实体才能被框架默认实现的解析器 DataParse 和实体存储器。
Schema：Schema 定义数据实体需要存到的哪个数据库、哪个表，可以支持表名后缀：周度、月度、当天
EntitySelector：定义如何从文本中要抽出数据对象，若是没有配置此特性，表示这个数据对象为页面级别的，即一个页面只产生一个数据对象，也即一条数据。
GlobalValueSelector：定义从文本中查询出的数据暂存到环境数据中，可以供数据实体内部属性查询，可以配置多个。
FollowRequestSelector：定义如何从当前文本抽取合适的链接加入到 Scheduler 中，可以定义 xpath 查询元素以获取链接，也可以配置 pattern 来确定请求是否符合要求，若是不符合的链接则会完全忽略，即便在爬虫 InitializeAsync 中加入到 Scheduler 的链接，也要受到 pattern 的约束。
ValueSelector：支持的查询类型有：XPath、Regex、Css、JsonPath、Environment。其中 Environment 表示为环境值，其数据来源有：
- 构造 Request 时设置的 Properties
- GlobalValueSelector 查询到的所有值
- 某些系统定义的值：

ENTITY_INDEX： 表示当前数据实体是当前文本查询到的所有数据实体的第几个
GUID：获取到一个随机的 GUID
DATE：获取当天的时间，以 “yyyy-MM-dd” 格式化的字符串
TODAY：获取当天的时间，以 “yyyy-MM-dd” 格式化的字符串
DATETIME：获取当前时间，以 “yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss” 格式化的字符串
NOW：获取当前时间，以 “yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss” 格式化的字符串
MONTH：获取当月的第一天，以 “yyyy-MM-dd” 格式化的字符串
MONDAY：获取当前星期的星期一，以 “yyyy-MM-dd” 格式化的字符串
SPIDER_ID：获取当前爬虫的 ID
REQUEST_HASH：获取当前数据实体所属请求的 HASH 值

3.Program类

using ConsoleTest;
using Serilog.Events;
using Serilog;

ThreadPool.SetMaxThreads(255, 255);
ThreadPool.SetMinThreads(255, 255);

Log.Logger = new LoggerConfiguration()
    .MinimumLevel.Information()
    .MinimumLevel.Override("Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime", LogEventLevel.Warning)
    .MinimumLevel.Override("Microsoft", LogEventLevel.Warning)
    .MinimumLevel.Override("System", LogEventLevel.Warning)
    .MinimumLevel.Override("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication", LogEventLevel.Warning)
    .Enrich.FromLogContext()
    .WriteTo.Console().WriteTo.File("logs/spider.log")
    .CreateLogger();

await EntitySpider.RunMySqlQueueAsync();
Console.WriteLine("Bye!");

4.运行

[10:25:00 INF]

  _____        _              _    _____       _     _
 |  __ \      | |            | |  / ____|     (_)   | |
 | |  | | ___ | |_ _ __   ___| |_| (___  _ __  _  __| | ___ _ __
 | |  | |/ _ \| __| '_ \ / _ \ __|\___ \| '_ \| |/ _` |/ _ \ '__|
 | |__| | (_) | |_| | | |  __/ |_ ____) | |_) | | (_| |  __/ |
 |_____/ \___/ \__|_| |_|\___|\__|_____/| .__/|_|\__,_|\___|_|     version: 5.1.0.0
                                        | |
                                        |_|

[10:25:00 INF] RequestedQueueCount: 1000
[10:25:00 INF] Depth: 0
[10:25:00 INF] RetriedTimes: 3
[10:25:00 INF] EmptySleepTime: 60
[10:25:00 INF] Speed: 1
[10:25:00 INF] Batch: 4
[10:25:00 INF] RemoveOutboundLinks: False
[10:25:00 INF] StorageType: DotnetSpider.MySql.MySqlEntityStorage, DotnetSpider.MySql
[10:25:00 INF] RefreshProxy: 30
[10:25:00 INF] Agent is starting
[10:25:00 INF] Agent started
[10:25:00 INF] Initialize spider 63b8d7fcc541adfc0b6171ba, 博客园
[10:25:00 INF] Statistics service starting
[10:25:00 INF] Statistics service started
[10:25:01 INF] 63b8d7fcc541adfc0b6171ba DataFlows: DataParser`1 -> MySqlEntityStorage
[10:25:01 INF] 63b8d7fcc541adfc0b6171ba register topic DotnetSpider_63b8d7fcc541adfc0b6171ba
[10:25:02 INF] 63b8d7fcc541adfc0b6171ba download https://news.cnblogs.com/n/page/1, SOwgJg completed
[10:25:02 INF] 63b8d7fcc541adfc0b6171ba download https://news.cnblogs.com/, aQJPCw completed
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【愚公系列】2023年01月 .NET CORE工具案例-DotnetSpider爬虫框架的配置式爬虫

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1.DotnetSpider概述

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一、DotnetSpider爬虫框架的配置式爬虫

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