如何用pgloader将Zabbix的MySQL数据库迁移到PostgreSQL数据库？

 感谢本文作者 董玉凡  ，Zabbix工程师 

►zabbix6.0对于数据库的版本要求如下表所示：

►使用测试的系统版本、应用版本、数据库版本如下：

操作系统版本：CentOS Linux release 8.0.1905 (Core)

Zabbix版本：6.0.12

MySQL版本：8.0.31

PostgreSQL：13.5

安装zabbix server及其组件和MySQL数据库就不再赘述，可以查看官方文档协助安装。

# useradd postgres  
# mkdir -p /app/postgresql

# yum install -y perl-ExtUtils-Embed readline-devel python3 python3-devel gcc-c++ cmake libarchive openssl-devel

# wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.5/postgresql-13.5.tar.gz  ##下载安装包
# tar -zxvf postgresql-13.5.tar.gz  ##解压安装包
# cd postgresql-13.5/
# ./configure --prefix=/app/postgresql --with-python --with-perl --with-openssl
# make &&make install
# /app/postgresql/bin/pg_ctl --version   ##查看已经安装成功
pg_ctl (PostgreSQL) 13.5

# mkdir -p /app/postgresql/pgdata ##创建数据库的数据目录
# cat >> /etc/profile << EOF
### postgres ###
export PATH=/app/postgresql/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/app/postgresql/lib
export PGDATA=/app/postgresql/pgdata
EOF
# source /etc/profile
# pg_ctl --version  ##环境变量配置成功
pg_ctl (PostgreSQL) 13.5

# chown -R postgres.postgres /app/postgresql  ##修改postgresql所属组和所属用户
# su - postgres
# initdb  ##初始化数据库

由于postgresql数据库和pgloader工具装在一台服务器上，所以postgresql不需要配置远程访问，如需要配置在/app/postgresql/pgdata/pg_hba.conf中进行远程访问的配置

# pg_ctl start -D $PGDATA  ##启动数据库
# createuser -P zabbix  ##输出两次密码
Enter password for new role: 
Enter it again:
# createdb -O zabbix -E Unicode -T template0 zabbix  ##创建数据库

# wget https://codeload.github.com/dimitri/pgloader/tar.gz/refs/tags/v3.6.9
# tar -zxvf v3.6.9

# dnf -y install freetds-devel  ##安装依赖包
# cd pgloader-3.6.9/
# chmod 755 bootstrap-centos.sh 
# ./bootstrap-centos.sh
# make pgloader
# cp build/bin/pgloader /usr/local/bin/
# pgloader --version
pgloader version "3.6.7~devel"
compiled with SBCL 2.2.10-1.rhel8

# echo "default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password" >> /etc/my.conf ##pgloader不支持caching_sha2_password身份验证插件,而这个是 MySQL 8 的默认设置，所以需要修改这个配置，如果是MySQL8.0之前的版本无需这步操作
# systemctl restart mysqld  ##更改完配置文件重启数据库

# wget https://cdn.zabbix.com/zabbix/sources/stable/6.0/zabbix-6.0.12.tar.gz ##下载zabbix源码包
# tar -zxvf zabbix-6.0.12.tar.gz
# cd zabbix-6.0.12

►导入zabbix表结构schema.sql到postgresql数据库中，只保留其中的create语句，不需要添加外键约束,包含INSERT INTO dbversion VALUES ('1','6000000','6000017');这条sql都需要删除掉

# vi database/postgresql/schema.sql  ##从INSERT INTO dbversion这行开始往下全部删除，参考命令  :.,$d
CREATE INDEX sla_service_tag_1 ON sla_service_tag (slaid);
CREATE TABLE dbversion (
        dbversionid              bigint                                    NOT NULL,
        mandatory                integer         DEFAULT '0'               NOT NULL,
        optional                 integer         DEFAULT '0'               NOT NULL,
        PRIMARY KEY (dbversionid)
);
INSERT INTO dbversion VALUES ('1','6000000','6000017');
create or replace function hosts_name_upper_upper()
returns trigger language plpgsql as $func$
begin
update hosts set name_upper=upper(name)
where hostid=new.hostid;
# psql -Uzabbix -dzabbix -f database/postgresql/schema.sql

►参考pgloader文档：MySQL to Postgres — pgloader 3.6.9 documentation

# mkdir -p /root/migration
# cd /root/migration
# vi config.pgloader  ##当复制下面配置的时候请去除所有的注释
LOAD DATABASE
FROM mysql://zabbix:*****@127.0.0.1:3306/zabbix
INTO postgresql://zabbix:*****@127.0.0.1:5432/zabbix
WITH include no drop,
#当列出此选项时，pgloader在加载数据时将不包含任何DROP语句。
truncate,
#当列出这个选项时，pgloader在将数据加载到每个PostgreSQL表之前，对每个PostgreSQL表发出TRUNCATE命令。删除表中的所有行，但表结构及其列、约束、索引等保持不变。新行标识所用的计数值重置为该列的种子
create no tables,
#当列出此选项时，pgloader在加载数据之前跳过表的创建，目标表必须已经存在。
#此外，当使用不创建表时，pgloader从当前目标数据库获取元数据并检查类型转换，然后在加载数据之前删除约束和索引，并在加载完成后重新安装它们。
create no indexes,
#当列出此选项时，pgloader将跳过创建索引。
no foreign keys,
#当列出此选项时，pgloader将跳过创建外键。
reset sequences,
#当列出这个选项时，在数据加载结束时，在所有索引都创建完成之后，pgloader将创建的所有PostgreSQL序列重置为它们所附列的当前最大值。
data only
#当列出此选项时，pgloader只发出COPY语句，而不进行任何其他处理。
SET maintenance_work_mem TO '1024MB', work_mem to '512MB'
#设置maintenance_work_mem和work_mem,根据自己机器的配置来设置，越大迁移越快
EXCLUDING TABLE NAMES MATCHING ~/history.*/, ~/trend.*/
#不迁移history表和trends表
ALTER SCHEMA 'zabbix' RENAME TO 'public';
#将pgloader转换生成的zabbix模式更名为public

# pgloader config.pgloader ##开始迁移所有的配置不包含历史数据
Total import time          ✓     126602    12.5 MB          3.820s  ##由于是一个新库没什么数据，耗时较少

#  psql -Uzabbix -dzabbix -h127.0.0.1
> \d items
      Column      |          Type           | Collation | Nullable |          Default          
------------------+-------------------------+-----------+----------+---------------------------
 itemid           | bigint                  |           | not null | 
 type             | integer                 |           | not null | 0
 snmp_oid         | character varying(512)  |           | not null | ''::character varying
 hostid           | bigint                  |           | not null | 
 name             | character varying(255)  |           | not null | ''::character varying
 ...
 Indexes:
    "items_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (itemid)
    "items_1" btree (hostid, key_)
    "items_3" btree (status)
    "items_4" btree (templateid)
    "items_5" btree (valuemapid)
    "items_6" btree (interfaceid)
    "items_7" btree (master_itemid)
    "items_8" btree (key_)
    "items_9" btree (hostid, name_upper)

# cd /root/migration
# vi data.pgloader  ##过滤掉除了history和trends的七张表，每个大版本的表数量不相同，下面过滤的表请按实际版本中表数量过滤
LOAD DATABASE
FROM mysql://zabbix:*****@127.0.0.1:3306/zabbix
INTO postgresql://zabbix:*****@127.0.0.1:5432/zabbix
WITH include no drop,
no truncate,
create no tables,
create no indexes,
no foreign keys,
reset sequences,
data only
SET maintenance_work_mem TO '1024MB', work_mem TO '512MB'
EXCLUDING TABLE NAMES MATCHING 'acknowledges',
'actions',
'alerts',
'auditlog',
'autoreg_host',
'conditions',
'config',
'config_autoreg_tls',
'corr_condition',
'corr_condition_group',
'corr_condition_tag',
'corr_condition_tagpair',
'corr_condition_tagvalue',
'corr_operation',
'correlation',
'dashboard',
'dashboard_page',
'dashboard_user',
'dashboard_usrgrp',
'dbversion',
'dchecks',
'dhosts',
'drules',
'dservices',
'escalations',
'event_recovery',
'event_suppress',
'event_tag',
'events',
'expressions',
'functions',
'globalmacro',
'globalvars',
'graph_discovery',
'graph_theme',
'graphs',
'graphs_items',
'group_discovery',
'group_prototype',
'ha_node',
'host_discovery',
'host_inventory',
'host_tag',
'hostmacro',
'hosts',
'hosts_groups',
'hosts_templates',
'housekeeper',
'hstgrp',
'httpstep',
'httpstep_field',
'httpstepitem',
'httptest',
'httptest_field',
'httptest_tag',
'httptestitem',
'icon_map',
'icon_mapping',
'ids',
'images',
'interface',
'interface_discovery',
'interface_snmp',
'item_condition',
'item_discovery',
'item_parameter',
'item_preproc',
'item_rtdata',
'item_tag',
'items',
'lld_macro_path',
'lld_override',
'lld_override_condition',
'lld_override_opdiscover',
'lld_override_operation',
'lld_override_ophistory',
'lld_override_opinventory',
'lld_override_opperiod',
'lld_override_opseverity',
'lld_override_opstatus',
'lld_override_optag',
'lld_override_optemplate',
'lld_override_optrends',
'maintenance_tag',
'maintenances',
'maintenances_groups',
'maintenances_hosts',
'maintenances_windows',
'media',
'media_type',
'media_type_message',
'media_type_param',
'module',
'opcommand',
'opcommand_grp',
'opcommand_hst',
'opconditions',
'operations',
'opgroup',
'opinventory',
'opmessage',
'opmessage_grp',
'opmessage_usr',
'optemplate',
'problem',
'problem_tag',
'profiles',
'proxy_autoreg_host',
'proxy_dhistory',
'proxy_history',
'regexps',
'report',
'report_param',
'report_user',
'report_usrgrp',
'rights',
'role',
'role_rule',
'script_param',
'scripts',
'service_alarms',
'service_problem',
'service_problem_tag',
'service_status_rule',
'service_tag',
'services',
'services_links',
'sessions',
'sla',
'sla_excluded_downtime',
'sla_schedule',
'sla_service_tag',
'sysmap_element_trigger',
'sysmap_element_url',
'sysmap_shape',
'sysmap_url',
'sysmap_user',
'sysmap_usrgrp',
'sysmaps',
'sysmaps_element_tag',
'sysmaps_elements',
'sysmaps_link_triggers',
'sysmaps_links',
'tag_filter',
'task',
'task_acknowledge',
'task_check_now',
'task_close_problem',
'task_data',
'task_remote_command',
'task_remote_command_result',
'task_result',
'timeperiods',
'token',
'trigger_depends',
'trigger_discovery',
'trigger_queue',
'trigger_tag',
'triggers',
'users',
'users_groups',
'usrgrp',
'valuemap',
'valuemap_mapping',
'widget',
'widget_field'
ALTER SCHEMA 'zabbix' RENAME TO 'public';

# pgloader data.pgloader  ##只有一台zabbixserver的监控数据，数据很少，用时很少
2022-12-08T17:08:58.009000+08:00 LOG pgloader version "3.6.7~devel"
2022-12-08T17:08:58.071001+08:00 LOG Migrating from #<MYSQL-CONNECTION mysql://zabbix@127.0.0.1:3306/zabbix {10067B4643}>
2022-12-08T17:08:58.071001+08:00 LOG Migrating into #<PGSQL-CONNECTION pgsql://zabbix@127.0.0.1:5432/zabbix {10067B47D3}>
2022-12-08T17:08:58.223003+08:00 WARNING Source column "public"."history_uint"."value" is casted to type "bigint" which is not the same as "numeric", the type of current target database column "public"."history_uint"."value".
2022-12-08T17:08:58.223003+08:00 WARNING Source column "public"."trends_uint"."value_min" is casted to type "bigint" which is not the same as "numeric", the type of current target database column "public"."trends_uint"."value_min".
2022-12-08T17:08:58.223003+08:00 WARNING Source column "public"."trends_uint"."value_avg" is casted to type "bigint" which is not the same as "numeric", the type of current target database column "public"."trends_uint"."value_avg".
2022-12-08T17:08:58.223003+08:00 WARNING Source column "public"."trends_uint"."value_max" is casted to type "bigint" which is not the same as "numeric", the type of current target database column "public"."trends_uint"."value_max".
2022-12-08T17:08:58.471008+08:00 LOG report summary reset
             table name     errors       rows      bytes      total time
-----------------------  ---------  ---------  ---------  --------------
        fetch meta data          0          7                     0.076s
-----------------------  ---------  ---------  ---------  --------------
         public.history          0       8008   286.8 kB          0.110s
    public.history_uint          0       2429    74.1 kB          0.067s
     public.trends_uint          0         50     1.6 kB          0.082s
    public.history_text          0          2    52.6 kB          0.117s
          public.trends          0        142     8.4 kB          0.020s
     public.history_str          0         12     0.9 kB          0.036s
     public.history_log          0          0                     0.025s
-----------------------  ---------  ---------  ---------  --------------
COPY Threads Completion          0          4                     0.171s
        Reset Sequences          0          0                     0.027s
       Install Comments          0          0                     0.000s
-----------------------  ---------  ---------  ---------  --------------
      Total import time          ✓      10643   424.5 kB          0.198s

# psql -Uzabbix
# \c zabbix
# zabbix=> select * from history;
 itemid |   clock    |         value          |    ns     
--------+------------+------------------------+-----------
  10073 | 1670483513 |     0.8324606300857088 | 661499763
  10073 | 1670483573 |     1.0157088072329086 | 718082482
  10073 | 1670483693 |     0.8991120422218923 | 907381983
  10073 | 1670483753 |      1.015714184025525 | 963646786
  10073 | 1670483813 |     1.0329172154884476 |  19686404
  10073 | 1670483873 |     1.0158031677606336 |  70690315
  10073 | 1670483933 |     1.0157542389272938 | 124586880
  10073 | 1670483993 |      1.015691219317195 | 182209551
  10073 | 1670484053 |     1.0156428524089065 | 242692284

►由于两次迁移只迁移了配置数据和历史数据，对应的外键约束却没有设置，现在开始设置外键约束

# cd /root/
# tar -zxvf zabbix-6.0.12.tar.gz ##由于之前的步骤更改过shcema.sql文件，现在重新解压源码包
# cd zabbix-6.0.12
# cat schema.sql |tail -n +2090 > altertable.sql > altertable.sql  ##将所有的ALTER以及另一段sql放入altertable.sql中
# psql -Uzabbix -dzabbix -f database/postgresql/altertable.sql
# psql -Uzabbix
# \c zabbix
# \d+ items
...
Foreign-key constraints:
    "c_items_1" FOREIGN KEY (hostid) REFERENCES hosts(hostid) ON DELETE CASCADE
    "c_items_2" FOREIGN KEY (templateid) REFERENCES items(itemid) ON DELETE CASCADE
    "c_items_3" FOREIGN KEY (valuemapid) REFERENCES valuemap(valuemapid)
    "c_items_4" FOREIGN KEY (interfaceid) REFERENCES interface(interfaceid)
    "c_items_5" FOREIGN KEY (master_itemid) REFERENCES items(itemid) ON DELETE CASCADE
...

# systemctl stop zabbix-server zabbix-agent nginx php-fpm ##停止所有的应用
# dnf remove zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web-mysql zabbix-nginx-conf zabbix-sql-scripts zabbix-selinux-policy -y

# dnf -y install zabbix-server-pgsql zabbix-web-pgsql zabbix-nginx-conf zabbix-sql-scripts zabbix-selinux-policy

►编辑配置文件 /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf

DBPassword=password  ##创建mysql的zabbix用户设置的密码

►编辑配置文件 /etc/nginx/conf.d/zabbix.conf

# listen 8080;
# server_name example.com;

# rm /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php  ##由于之前是连接mysql的前端配置文件所以需要删除掉

# systemctl restart zabbix-server zabbix-agent nginx php-fpm
# systemctl enable zabbix-server zabbix-agent nginx php-fpm

►此文件仅供参考作用，如果用到生产环境切记要先测试！！！