kubespray2.11安装kubernetes1.15

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程序员欣宸 发表于 2022/11/11 08:43:32 2022/11/11
【摘要】 实战kubespray2.11安装kubernetes1.15

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这里分类和汇总了欣宸的全部原创(含配套源码)：https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos

关于kubespray

  • Kubespray是开源的kubernetes部署工具，整合了ansible，可以方便的部署高可用集群环境，官网地址：https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray ，本文是用kubespray2.11版本部署kubernetes1.15版本的实战；

重要前提

  • 本次实战采用官方推荐的在线安装，因此会去谷歌镜像仓库下载镜像，需要您的网络可以访问谷歌服务；

机器信息

  • 本次实战共计四台机器，它们的主机名、IP地址和作用描述如下：
主机名 IP地址 作用
ansible 192.168.133.134 ansible主机
a001 192.168.133.139 k8s集群的一号工作节点
a002 192.168.133.140 k8s集群的二号工作节点
a003 192.168.133.141 k8s集群的三号工作节点

标准化设置

  • 本次实战的所有机器都要做以下设置：
  • 操作系统：CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908
  • 所以操作都是root账号执行的
  • 关闭防火墙：
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
  • 关闭selinux：
setenforce 0
sed -i --follow-symlinks 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
  • ipv4网络设置：
modprobe br_netfilter
echo '1' > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

ansible主机免密码ssh登录a001、a002、a003

  • ssh登录ansible主机；
  • 生成ssh公私钥，输入命令ssh-keygen，然后连续四次回车：
[root@ansible ~]# ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:Empen3/RfLndRkS8mKfkq6a2IXtSdqwK7TqKNoHkNEU root@ansible
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|  .E           . |
|   .            o|
|  .   .       o..|
| +   . .     + o.|
|= . o o S . ooo..|
|.o o ..o + o.oo.o|
|  . .. o=.o  ..o+|
| o.  .o.o=.... .+|
|......o+=o=o.  . |
+----[SHA256]-----+
  • 输入命令ssh-copy-id root@192.168.133.139，将ansible的ssh分发给a001主机，会要求输入yes和a001主机的root账号的密码，完成输入后，以后ansible就可以免密码ssh登录a001主机了：
[root@ansible ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.133.139
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.133.139 (192.168.133.139)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:DPE2nldWHiOhC4DB9doy7jPWNZVup6XFZ+sR2i1gqz8.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:fc:21:f7:7f:e8:cd:1a:76:d7:fb:cc:d4:28:91:f3:5a.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.133.139's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@192.168.133.139'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

ansible主机操作

  • ssh登录ansible主机；
  • 安装ansible应用：
yum install -y epel-release ansible
  • 安装pip：
easy_install pip
  • 通过pip安装jinja2：
pip2 install jinja2 --upgrade
  • 安装python36：
yum install python36 -y
  • 创建工作目录，进入工作目录：
mkdir /usr/local/kubespray && cd /usr/local/kubespray/
  • 下载kubespray，我这里下载的是v2.11.0版本：
wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray/archive/v2.11.0.tar.gz
  • 解压：
tar -zxvf v2.11.0.tar.gz
  • 进入解压后的目录：
cd kubespray-2.11.0/
  • 安装kubespray所需的应用(注意是pip3)：
pip3 install -r requirements.txt
  • 复制一份demo配置信息到目录inventory/mycluster：
cp -rfp inventory/sample inventory/mycluster
  • 进去看一下，可见mycluster目录下复制了很多文件：
[root@ansible kubespray-2.11.0]# tree inventory/
inventory/
├── local
│   ├── group_vars -> ../sample/group_vars
│   └── hosts.ini
├── mycluster
│   ├── group_vars
│   │   ├── all
│   │   │   ├── all.yml
│   │   │   ├── azure.yml
│   │   │   ├── coreos.yml
│   │   │   ├── docker.yml
│   │   │   ├── oci.yml
│   │   │   └── openstack.yml
│   │   ├── etcd.yml
│   │   └── k8s-cluster
│   │       ├── addons.yml
│   │       ├── k8s-cluster.yml
│   │       ├── k8s-net-calico.yml
│   │       ├── k8s-net-canal.yml
│   │       ├── k8s-net-cilium.yml
│   │       ├── k8s-net-contiv.yml
│   │       ├── k8s-net-flannel.yml
│   │       ├── k8s-net-kube-router.yml
│   │       ├── k8s-net-macvlan.yml
│   │       └── k8s-net-weave.yml
│   └── inventory.ini
  • 设置集群信息(当前目录仍旧是kubespray-2.11.0)：
declare -a IPS=(192.168.133.139 192.168.133.140 192.168.133.141)
  • 配置ansible：
CONFIG_FILE=inventory/mycluster/hosts.yml python3 contrib/inventory_builder/inventory.py ${IPS[@]}
  • 此时kubespray的脚本根据输入的IP信息做好了集群规划，具体信息可见inventory/mycluster/hosts.yml，如下所示，您也可以自行修改此文件：
all:
  hosts:
    node1:
      ansible_host: 192.168.133.139
      ip: 192.168.133.139
      access_ip: 192.168.133.139
    node2:
      ansible_host: 192.168.133.140
      ip: 192.168.133.140
      access_ip: 192.168.133.140
    node3:
      ansible_host: 192.168.133.141
      ip: 192.168.133.141
      access_ip: 192.168.133.141
  children:
    kube-master:
      hosts:
        node1:
        node2:
    kube-node:
      hosts:
        node1:
        node2:
        node3:
    etcd:
      hosts:
        node1:
        node2:
        node3:
    k8s-cluster:
      children:
        kube-master:
        kube-node:
    calico-rr:
      hosts: {}
  • 执行以下命令即可开始安装，在线安装比较耗时请耐心等待：
ansible-playbook -i inventory/mycluster/hosts.yml --become --become-user=root cluster.yml
  • 安装完成时控制台输出类似如下的信息：
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
localhost                  : ok=1    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0   
node1                      : ok=658  changed=95   unreachable=0    failed=0   
node2                      : ok=566  changed=77   unreachable=0    failed=0   
node3                      : ok=475  changed=66   unreachable=0    failed=0   

Sunday 17 November 2019  17:31:19 +0800 (0:00:00.064)       0:09:56.193 ******* 
=============================================================================== 
kubernetes/master : kubeadm | Init other uninitialized masters -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 94.91s
kubernetes/master : kubeadm | Initialize first master ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42.95s
etcd : Install | Copy etcdctl binary from docker container ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14.26s
download : download_container | Download image if required ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12.87s
download : download_container | Download image if required ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12.28s
download : download_container | Download image if required ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10.79s
etcd : reload etcd ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.71s
download : download_container | Download image if required ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9.71s
download : download_container | Download image if required ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9.48s
download : download_container | Download image if required ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8.02s
download : download_container | Download image if required ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7.88s
etcd : wait for etcd up ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7.16s
etcd : Gen_certs | Write etcd master certs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6.39s
download : download_container | Download image if required ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.75s
download : download_container | Download image if required ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.53s
download : download_container | Download image if required ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.42s
download : download_container | Download image if required ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.41s
download : download_container | Download image if required ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.06s
download : download_container | Download image if required ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4.87s
kubernetes-apps/ansible : Kubernetes Apps | Start Resources ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4.78s
  • 至此，kubernetes集群环境部署完成，接下来简单验证一下环境是否可用；

检查环境

  • ssh登录a001机器；
  • 查看节点、service、pod：
[root@node1 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME    STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
node1   Ready    master   25m   v1.15.3
node2   Ready    master   23m   v1.15.3
node3   Ready    <none>   23m   v1.15.3
[root@node1 ~]# kubectl get services --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE     NAME                   TYPE        CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
default       kubernetes             ClusterIP   10.233.0.1    <none>        443/TCP                  25m
kube-system   coredns                ClusterIP   10.233.0.3    <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   22m
kube-system   kubernetes-dashboard   ClusterIP   10.233.35.1   <none>        443/TCP                  22m
[root@node1 ~]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE     NAME                                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   calico-kube-controllers-c6fb79b8b-v24nq   1/1     Running   0          22m
kube-system   calico-node-46s8t                         1/1     Running   0          23m
kube-system   calico-node-mcjfs                         1/1     Running   0          23m
kube-system   calico-node-q989m                         1/1     Running   1          23m
kube-system   coredns-74c9d4d795-4xz6s                  1/1     Running   0          22m
kube-system   coredns-74c9d4d795-kh6vl                  1/1     Running   0          22m
kube-system   dns-autoscaler-7d95989447-gmcrl           1/1     Running   0          22m
kube-system   kube-apiserver-node1                      1/1     Running   0          24m
kube-system   kube-apiserver-node2                      1/1     Running   0          23m
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-node1             1/1     Running   0          24m
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-node2             1/1     Running   0          23m
kube-system   kube-proxy-2zhwn                          1/1     Running   0          23m
kube-system   kube-proxy-59qx8                          1/1     Running   0          23m
kube-system   kube-proxy-fgpx6                          1/1     Running   0          23m
kube-system   kube-scheduler-node1                      1/1     Running   0          24m
kube-system   kube-scheduler-node2                      1/1     Running   0          23m
kube-system   kubernetes-dashboard-7c547b4c64-x7nfq     1/1     Running   0          22m
kube-system   nginx-proxy-node3                         1/1     Running   0          23m
kube-system   nodelocaldns-8khfq                        1/1     Running   0          22m
kube-system   nodelocaldns-pzx2p                        1/1     Running   0          22m
kube-system   nodelocaldns-s5kcd                        1/1     Running   0          22m

访问dashboard

  • dashboard可以查看kubernetes系统的整体情况，为了访问dashboard页面，需要增加RBAC：
  • ssh登录a001机器；
  • 执行以下命令，创建文件admin-user.yaml：
tee admin-user.yaml <<-'EOF'
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kube-system
EOF
  • 执行以下命令，创建文件admin-user-role.yaml：
tee admin-user-role.yaml <<-'EOF'
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kube-system
EOF
  • 创建ServiceAccount和ClusterRoleBinding：
kubectl create -f admin-user.yaml && kubectl create -f admin-user-role.yaml
  • 获取token看，用于登录dashboard页面：
kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')
  • 下图红框中就是token的内容：
    在这里插入图片描述
  • 现在通过浏览器访问dashboard页面了，地址是：https://192.168.133.139:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/ ，其中192.168.133.139是a001机器的IP地址，也可以换成a002IP地址；
  • 由于不是https协议，因此浏览器可能弹出安全提示，如下图，选择继续前往：
    在这里插入图片描述
  • 此时页面会让您选择登录方式，选择令牌并输入前面得到的token，即可登录：
    在这里插入图片描述
  • 登录成功后可以见到系统信息，如下图：
    在这里插入图片描述

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