Mac下vagrant从安装到体验

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• Mac下使用虚拟机时，通过vagrant+virtualbox的组合是个不错的方案，简便快捷；

安装步骤

• virtualbox官网下载，地址：https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads ，如下，下载完毕后双击安装：
  

• vagrant官网下载，地址：https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html ，如下，下载完毕后双击安装：
  

• 安装完成后在命令行执行命令vagrant -v，查看版本号如下：

(base) zhaoqindeMBP:~ zhaoqin$ vagrant -v
Vagrant 2.2.5

• 安装完毕，接下来开始体验；

体验

• 注意：体验之前请再三确认virtualbox已经安装成功，最好是双击图标启动virtualbox，确认能够启动成功；

• 检查已有的虚拟机列表vagrant box list，提示还没有任何虚拟机：

(base) zhaoqindeMBP:~ zhaoqin$ vagrant box list
There are no installed boxes! Use `vagrant box add` to add some.

• 去虚拟机镜像仓库找个合适的镜像，地址是：https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search ，如下图，咱们用centos来完成初次体验吧，点击红框位置：
  

• 在新页面中，点击下图红框中的"New"按钮，即可看到使用该虚拟机的命令：
  

• 按照上图的提示，在命令行执行vagrant init centos/7，即可在当前目录生成此虚拟机的配置文件Vagrantfile：

base) zhaoqindeMBP:18 zhaoqin$ vagrant init centos/7
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.

• 打开Vagrantfile看看，如下图，只有少量信息，看来主要用的都是默认配置：
  

• 执行命令启动虚拟机，接下来需要等待10分钟左右，控制台输出以下信息表示启动虚拟机成功：

(base) zhaoqindeMBP:18 zhaoqin$ vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Box 'centos/7' could not be found. Attempting to find and install...
    default: Box Provider: virtualbox
    default: Box Version: >= 0
==> default: Loading metadata for box 'centos/7'
    default: URL: https://vagrantcloud.com/centos/7
==> default: Adding box 'centos/7' (v1905.1) for provider: virtualbox
    default: Downloading: https://vagrantcloud.com/centos/boxes/7/versions/1905.1/providers/virtualbox.box
    default: Download redirected to host: cloud.centos.org
==> default: Successfully added box 'centos/7' (v1905.1) for 'virtualbox'!
==> default: Importing base box 'centos/7'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Checking if box 'centos/7' version '1905.1' is up to date...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: 18_default_1566103400563_66799
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
    default: 
    default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
    default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
    default: 
    default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
    default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
    default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
    default: No guest additions were detected on the base box for this VM! Guest
    default: additions are required for forwarded ports, shared folders, host only
    default: networking, and more. If SSH fails on this machine, please install
    default: the guest additions and repackage the box to continue.
    default: 
    default: This is not an error message; everything may continue to work properly,
    default: in which case you may ignore this message.
==> default: Rsyncing folder: /Users/zhaoqin/temp/201908/18/ => /vagrant

• ssh登录：

vagrant ssh

• 登录成功后，查看虚拟机操作系统版本，可见是centos7.6：

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)

• 退出ssh，回到控制台：

exit

基本命令

• 关闭虚拟机：

vagrant halt

• 启动虚拟机：

vagrant up

• 重启虚拟机：

vagrant reload

• 删除虚拟机：

vagrant destroy

修改配置

• 接下来尝试修改虚拟机的配置文件Vagrantfile，在Vagrantfile中添加如下图红框中的内容，作用是将虚拟机内存设置为2G：
  

• 执行vagrant reload重启虚拟机，然后执行vagrant ssh进入虚拟机，执行free -m查看内存情况，可见设置已经生效：

(base) zhaoqindeMBP:18 zhaoqin$ vagrant ssh
Last login: Sun Aug 18 08:09:43 2019 from 10.0.2.2
[vagrant@localhost ~]$ free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1838          70        1655           8         112        1624
Swap:          2047           0        2047

• 至此，Mac下的vagrant安装和体验就完成了，希望本文能给您一些参考，帮助您快速搭建虚拟机环境。

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