Mac下vagrant从安装到体验

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程序员欣宸 发表于 2022/10/05 08:29:47 2022/10/05
【摘要】 Mac下使用虚拟机时,通过vagrant+virtualbox的组合是个不错的方案,本文就一起来实战虚拟机的快速搭建

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  • Mac下使用虚拟机时,通过vagrant+virtualbox的组合是个不错的方案,简便快捷;

安装步骤

(base) zhaoqindeMBP:~ zhaoqin$ vagrant -v
Vagrant 2.2.5
  • 安装完毕,接下来开始体验;

体验

  • 注意:体验之前请再三确认virtualbox已经安装成功,最好是双击图标启动virtualbox,确认能够启动成功;

  • 检查已有的虚拟机列表vagrant box list,提示还没有任何虚拟机:

(base) zhaoqindeMBP:~ zhaoqin$ vagrant box list
There are no installed boxes! Use `vagrant box add` to add some.
  • 去虚拟机镜像仓库找个合适的镜像,地址是:https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search ,如下图,咱们用centos来完成初次体验吧,点击红框位置:
    在这里插入图片描述

  • 在新页面中,点击下图红框中的"New"按钮,即可看到使用该虚拟机的命令:
    在这里插入图片描述

  • 按照上图的提示,在命令行执行vagrant init centos/7,即可在当前目录生成此虚拟机的配置文件Vagrantfile:

base) zhaoqindeMBP:18 zhaoqin$ vagrant init centos/7
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.
  • 打开Vagrantfile看看,如下图,只有少量信息,看来主要用的都是默认配置:
    在这里插入图片描述

  • 执行命令启动虚拟机,接下来需要等待10分钟左右,控制台输出以下信息表示启动虚拟机成功:

(base) zhaoqindeMBP:18 zhaoqin$ vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Box 'centos/7' could not be found. Attempting to find and install...
    default: Box Provider: virtualbox
    default: Box Version: >= 0
==> default: Loading metadata for box 'centos/7'
    default: URL: https://vagrantcloud.com/centos/7
==> default: Adding box 'centos/7' (v1905.1) for provider: virtualbox
    default: Downloading: https://vagrantcloud.com/centos/boxes/7/versions/1905.1/providers/virtualbox.box
    default: Download redirected to host: cloud.centos.org
==> default: Successfully added box 'centos/7' (v1905.1) for 'virtualbox'!
==> default: Importing base box 'centos/7'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Checking if box 'centos/7' version '1905.1' is up to date...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: 18_default_1566103400563_66799
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
    default: 
    default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
    default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
    default: 
    default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
    default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
    default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
    default: No guest additions were detected on the base box for this VM! Guest
    default: additions are required for forwarded ports, shared folders, host only
    default: networking, and more. If SSH fails on this machine, please install
    default: the guest additions and repackage the box to continue.
    default: 
    default: This is not an error message; everything may continue to work properly,
    default: in which case you may ignore this message.
==> default: Rsyncing folder: /Users/zhaoqin/temp/201908/18/ => /vagrant
  • ssh登录:
vagrant ssh
  • 登录成功后,查看虚拟机操作系统版本,可见是centos7.6:
[vagrant@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
  • 退出ssh,回到控制台:
exit

基本命令

  • 关闭虚拟机:
vagrant halt
  • 启动虚拟机:
vagrant up
  • 重启虚拟机:
vagrant reload
  • 删除虚拟机:
vagrant destroy

修改配置

  • 接下来尝试修改虚拟机的配置文件Vagrantfile,在Vagrantfile中添加如下图红框中的内容,作用是将虚拟机内存设置为2G:
    在这里插入图片描述

  • 执行vagrant reload重启虚拟机,然后执行vagrant ssh进入虚拟机,执行free -m查看内存情况,可见设置已经生效:

(base) zhaoqindeMBP:18 zhaoqin$ vagrant ssh
Last login: Sun Aug 18 08:09:43 2019 from 10.0.2.2
[vagrant@localhost ~]$ free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1838          70        1655           8         112        1624
Swap:          2047           0        2047
  • 至此,Mac下的vagrant安装和体验就完成了,希望本文能给您一些参考,帮助您快速搭建虚拟机环境。

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