使用源码编译来安装PostgreSQL13.3数据库

1、安装概述

PG安装方法很多，和MySQL类似，给用户提供很大的选择空间。如：RPM包安装(在线、离线)、源码编译安装、系统自带、二进制、NDB安装等。

https://www.postgresql.org/

https://yum.postgresql.org/rpmchart.php

https://yum.postgresql.org/11/redhat/rhel-6-x86_64/repoview/postgresqldbserver11.group.html

https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/

打开 PostgreSQL 官网 https://www.postgresql.org/，点击菜单栏上的 Download ，可以看到这里包含了很多平台的安装包，包括 Linux、Windows、Mac OS等 。

各个安装包：https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/

Linux 我们可以看到支持 Ubuntu 和 Red Hat 等各个平台，点击具体的平台链接，即可查看安装方法：

点击上图中的 file browser，我们还能下载 PostgreSQL 最新的源码。

下载地址：

https://www.postgresql.org/download

https://yum.postgresql.org/repopackages.php

文档：https://www.postgresql.org/download/linux/redhat/

rpm下载：https://yum.postgresql.org/rpmchart/

生产库建议源码安装，以下方法已在9.6到13版本测试过。

2、下载源码包

源码下载地址：https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/

-- 下载源码包
wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.3/postgresql-13.3.tar.gz
wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.2/postgresql-13.2.tar.gz
wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.6/postgresql-12.6.tar.gz
wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v11.11/postgresql-11.11.tar.gz
wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v10.16/postgresql-10.16.tar.gz
wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.6.21/postgresql-9.6.21.tar.gz
wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.4.26/postgresql-9.4.26.tar.gz

3、创建用户和安装目录

-- 创建用户
groupadd -g 60000 pgsql
useradd -u 60000 -g pgsql pgsql
echo "lhr" | passwd --stdin pgsql


-- 创建目录
mkdir -p /postgresql/{pgdata,archive,scripts,backup,pg13,soft}
chown -R pgsql:pgsql /postgresql
chmod -R 775 /postgresql

4、编译PG

-- 安装一些依赖包
yum install -y cmake make gcc zlib gcc-c++ perl readline readline-devel zlib zlib-devel \
perl python36 tcl openssl ncurses-devel openldap pam


-- 编译
su - pgsql
cd /postgresql/soft
tar zxvf postgresql-13.3.tar.gz
cd postgresql-13.3
./configure --prefix=/postgresql/pg13 --without-readline
make -j 8 && make install

5、配置环境变量

-- 配置环境变量
cat >>  ~/.bash_profile <<"EOF"
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export PS1="[\u@\h \W]\$ "
export PGPORT=5432
export PGDATA=/postgresql/pgdata
export PGHOME=/postgresql/pg13
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGHOME/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib64:/usr/local/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH:.
export DATE=`date +"%Y%m%d%H%M"`
export MANPATH=$PGHOME/share/man:$MANPATH
export PGHOST=$PGDATA
export PGUSER=postgres
export PGDATABASE=postgres

alias psql='rlwrap psql' 
EOF

source  ~/.bash_profile

6、初始化数据库

-- 初始化
su - pgsql
/postgresql/pg13/bin/initdb -D /postgresql/pgdata -E UTF8 --locale=en_US.utf8 -U postgres

7、配置远程登陆

-- 修改参数
cat >> /postgresql/pgdata/postgresql.conf <<"EOF"
listen_addresses = '*'
port=5432
unix_socket_directories='/postgresql/pgdata'
logging_collector = on
log_directory = 'pg_log'
log_filename = 'postgresql-%a.log'
log_truncate_on_rotation = on
EOF

cat   > /postgresql/pgdata/pg_hba.conf << EOF
# TYPE  DATABASE    USER    ADDRESS       METHOD
local     all       all                    trust
host      all       all   127.0.0.1/32     trust
host      all       all    0.0.0.0/0        md5
host   replication  all    0.0.0.0/0        md5
EOF

-- 启动
su - pgsql
pg_ctl start
pg_ctl status
pg_ctl stop

-- 或：
nohup /postgresql/pg13/bin/postgres -D /postgresql/pgdata > /postgresql/pg13/pglog.out 2>&1 &

8、配置系统服务

-- 配置系统服务
cat > /etc/systemd/system/PG13.service <<"EOF"
[Unit]
Description=PostgreSQL database server
Documentation=man:postgres(1)
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
User=pgsql
Group=pgsql
Environment=PGPORT=5432
Environment=PGDATA=/postgresql/pgdata
OOMScoreAdjust=-1000
ExecStart=/postgresql/pg13/bin/pg_ctl start -D ${PGDATA} -s -o "-p ${PGPORT}" -w -t 300
ExecStop=/postgresql/pg13/bin/pg_ctl stop -D ${PGDATA} -s -m fast
ExecReload=/postgresql/pg13/bin/pg_ctl reload -D ${PGDATA} -s
KillMode=mixed
KillSignal=SIGINT
TimeoutSec=0

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

使用systemctl启动PG：

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable PG13
systemctl start PG13
systemctl status PG13

已启动：

[root@lhrpg postgresql]# systemctl status PG13
● PG13.service - PostgreSQL database server
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/PG13.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2021-05-26 21:32:26 CST; 1s ago
     Docs: man:postgres(1)
  Process: 12473 ExecStart=/postgresql/pg13/bin/pg_ctl start -D ${PGDATA} -s -o -p ${PGPORT} -w -t 300 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 12475 (postgres)
   CGroup: /docker/ea25b97cfa732f1ec6f188098898e8f26b64cd1bf1e9b408898d722c8a5917fb/system.slice/PG13.service
           ├─12475 /postgresql/pg13/bin/postgres -D /postgresql/pgdata -p 5433
           ├─12476 postgres: logger 
           ├─12478 postgres: checkpointer 
           ├─12479 postgres: background writer 
           ├─12480 postgres: walwriter 
           ├─12481 postgres: autovacuum launcher 
           ├─12482 postgres: stats collector 
           └─12483 postgres: logical replication launcher 

May 26 21:32:26 lhrpg systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL database server...
May 26 21:32:26 lhrpg pg_ctl[12473]: 2021-05-26 21:32:26.617 CST [12475] LOG:  redirecting log output to logging collector process
May 26 21:32:26 lhrpg pg_ctl[12473]: 2021-05-26 21:32:26.617 CST [12475] HINT:  Future log output will appear in directory "pg_log".
May 26 21:32:26 lhrpg systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL database server.

9、登陆测试

-- 远程登陆
psql -U postgres -h 192.168.66.35 -d postgres -p5432

-- 从Postgresql 9.2开始，还可以使用URI格式进行远程连接：psql postgresql://myuser:mypasswd@myhost:5432/mydb
psql postgresql://postgres:lhr@192.168.66.35:5432/postgres

其中-h参数指定服务器地址，默认为127.0.0.1，默认不指定即可，-d指定连接之后选中的数据库，默认也是postgres，-U指定用户，默认是当前用户，-p 指定端口号，默认是"5432"，其它更多的参数选项可以执行： ./bin/psql --help 查看。

C:\Users\lhrxxt>psql -U postgres -h 192.168.66.35 -d postgres -p5432
Password for user postgres:
psql (13.3)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# \l
                                        List of databases
   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |      Collate      |       Ctype       |   Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-------------------+-------------------+-----------------------
 postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | Chinese_China.936 | Chinese_China.936 |
 template0 | postgres | UTF8     | Chinese_China.936 | Chinese_China.936 | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |                   |                   | postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1 | postgres | UTF8     | Chinese_China.936 | Chinese_China.936 | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |                   |                   | postgres=CTc/postgres
(3 rows)


postgres=# CREATE DATABASE lhrdb WITH OWNER=postgres ENCODING='UTF-8';
CREATE DATABASE
postgres=# \c lhrdb
You are now connected to database "lhrdb" as user "postgres".
lhrdb=#
lhrdb=# create table student (
lhrdb(#   id integer not null,
lhrdb(#   name character(32),
lhrdb(#   number char(5),
lhrdb(#   constraint student_pkey primary key (id)
lhrdb(# );
CREATE TABLE
lhrdb=#
lhrdb=# \d student
                 Table "public.student"
 Column |     Type      | Collation | Nullable | Default
--------+---------------+-----------+----------+---------
 id     | integer       |           | not null |
 name   | character(32) |           |          |
 number | character(5)  |           |          |
Indexes:
    "student_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)


lhrdb=#
lhrdb=# INSERT INTO student (id, name, number) VALUES (1, '张三', '1023');
INSERT 0 1
lhrdb=# SELECT * FROM student WHERE id=1;
 id |                name                | number
----+------------------------------------+--------
  1 | 张三                               | 1023
(1 row)

安装配置完成，若有不懂，可以私聊麦老师。