PostgreSQL基本结构——表

如何在PostgreSQL中执行等效于Oracle DESCRIBE TABLE的命令（使用psql命令）？

#1楼

DESCRIBE TABLE的psql等效项是\\d table 。

有关更多详细信息，请参见PostgreSQL手册的psql部分。

#2楼

您可以使用psql斜杠命令执行此操作：

 \d myTable describe table

它也适用于其他对象：

 \d myView describe view
 \d myIndex describe index
 \d mySequence describe sequence

资料来源： faqs.org

#3楼

试试看（在psql命令行工具中）：

\d+ tablename

有关更多信息，请参见手册 。

#4楼

除了PostgreSQL方式（\\ d'something'或\\ dt'table'或\\ ds'sequence'等）

SQL标准的方式，如图所示在这里 ：

select column_name, data_type, character_maximum_length
from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS where table_name = '<name of table>';

许多数据库引擎都支持它。

#5楼

如果要从查询而不是psql获取它，则可以查询目录架构。 这是一个执行此操作的复杂查询：

SELECT  
    f.attnum AS number,  
    f.attname AS name,  
    f.attnum,  
    f.attnotnull AS notnull,  
    pg_catalog.format_type(f.atttypid,f.atttypmod) AS type,  
    CASE  
        WHEN p.contype = 'p' THEN 't'  
        ELSE 'f'  
    END AS primarykey,  
    CASE  
        WHEN p.contype = 'u' THEN 't'  
        ELSE 'f'
    END AS uniquekey,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN g.relname
    END AS foreignkey,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN p.confkey
    END AS foreignkey_fieldnum,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN g.relname
    END AS foreignkey,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN p.conkey
    END AS foreignkey_connnum,
    CASE
        WHEN f.atthasdef = 't' THEN d.adsrc
    END AS default
FROM pg_attribute f  
    JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid = f.attrelid  
    JOIN pg_type t ON t.oid = f.atttypid  
    LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef d ON d.adrelid = c.oid AND d.adnum = f.attnum  
    LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace  
    LEFT JOIN pg_constraint p ON p.conrelid = c.oid AND f.attnum = ANY (p.conkey)  
    LEFT JOIN pg_class AS g ON p.confrelid = g.oid  
WHERE c.relkind = 'r'::char  
    AND n.nspname = '%s'  -- Replace with Schema name  
    AND c.relname = '%s'  -- Replace with table name  
    AND f.attnum > 0 ORDER BY number
;

它非常复杂，但是它确实向您展示了PostgreSQL系统目录的功能和灵活性，并且应该使您逐渐掌握pg_catalog ;-)。 确保更改查询中的％s。 第一个是模式，第二个是表名。

#6楼

您可以使用星号 \\d *search pattern *来查找与您感兴趣的搜索模式匹配的表。

#7楼

您可以使用：

SELECT attname 
FROM pg_attribute,pg_class 
WHERE attrelid=pg_class.oid 
AND relname='TableName' 
AND attstattarget <>0; 

#8楼

除了已经找到的命令行\\d+ <table_name> ，您还可以使用info -schema通过info_schema.columns查找信息。

SELECT *
FROM info_schema.columns
WHERE table_schema = 'your_schema'
AND table_name   = 'your_table'

#9楼

使用以下SQL语句

SELECT DATA_TYPE 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
WHERE table_name = 'tbl_name' 
AND COLUMN_NAME = 'col_name'

如果替换tbl_name和col_name，它将显示您要查找的特定列的数据类型。

#10楼

您也可以使用以下查询进行检查

Select * from schema_name.table_name limit 0;

示例：我的表有2列名称和密码。 提供以下屏幕截图。

*使用PG admin3

#11楼

Use this command 

\d table name

like 

\d queuerecords

             Table "public.queuerecords"
  Column   |            Type             | Modifiers
-----------+-----------------------------+-----------
 id        | uuid                        | not null
 endtime   | timestamp without time zone |
 payload   | text                        |
 queueid   | text                        |
 starttime | timestamp without time zone |
 status    | text                        |

#12楼

描述表的最佳方法，例如列，类型，列的修饰符等。

\d+ tablename or \d tablename

#13楼

/ dt是逗号，它列出了数据库中存在的所有表。 使用
/ d命令和/ d +我们可以获取表的详细信息。 该系统将像
* / d table_name（或）\\ d + table_name

#14楼

查询的这种变化（如其他答案所述）对我有用。

SELECT
 COLUMN_NAME
FROM
 information_schema.COLUMNS
WHERE
 TABLE_NAME = 'city';

此处详细介绍： http : //www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-describe-table/

#15楼

我为获取表模式制定了以下脚本。

'CREATE TABLE ' || 'yourschema.yourtable' || E'\n(\n' ||
array_to_string(
array_agg(
'    ' || column_expr
)
, E',\n'
) || E'\n);\n'
from
(
SELECT '    ' || column_name || ' ' || data_type || 
coalesce('(' || character_maximum_length || ')', '') || 
case when is_nullable = 'YES' then ' NULL' else ' NOT NULL' end as column_expr
FROM information_schema.columns
WHERE table_schema || '.' || table_name = 'yourschema.yourtable'
ORDER BY ordinal_position
) column_list;

#16楼

在MySQL中 ，DESCRIBE table_name

在PostgreSQL中 ，\\ d table_name

或者，您可以使用以下长命令：

SELECT
        a.attname AS Field,
        t.typname || '(' || a.atttypmod || ')' AS Type,
        CASE WHEN a.attnotnull = 't' THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END AS Null,
        CASE WHEN r.contype = 'p' THEN 'PRI' ELSE '' END AS Key,
        (SELECT substring(pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid), '\'(.*)\'')
                FROM
                        pg_catalog.pg_attrdef d
                WHERE
                        d.adrelid = a.attrelid
                        AND d.adnum = a.attnum
                        AND a.atthasdef) AS Default,
        '' as Extras
FROM
        pg_class c 
        JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid = c.oid
        JOIN pg_type t ON a.atttypid = t.oid
        LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_constraint r ON c.oid = r.conrelid 
                AND r.conname = a.attname
WHERE
        c.relname = 'tablename'
        AND a.attnum > 0

ORDER BY a.attnum

#17楼

In postgres \d is used to describe the table structure.
e.g. \d schema_name.table_name;
this command will provide you the basic info of table such as, columns, type and modifiers.

If you want more info about table use
\d+ schema_name.table_name;
this will give you extra info such as, storage, stats target and description

#18楼

为了改进另一个答案的SQL查询（很棒！），这是一个经过修改的查询。 它还包括约束名称，继承信息以及分解为组成部分的数据类型（类型，长度，精度，小数位数）。 它还过滤掉已删除的列（数据库中仍然存在）。

SELECT
    n.nspname as schema,
    c.relname as table,
    f.attname as column,  
    f.attnum as column_id,  
    f.attnotnull as not_null,
    f.attislocal not_inherited,
    f.attinhcount inheritance_count,
    pg_catalog.format_type(f.atttypid,f.atttypmod) AS data_type_full,
    t.typname AS data_type_name,
    CASE  
        WHEN f.atttypmod >= 0 AND t.typname <> 'numeric'THEN (f.atttypmod - 4) --first 4 bytes are for storing actual length of data
    END AS data_type_length, 
    CASE  
        WHEN t.typname = 'numeric' THEN (((f.atttypmod - 4) >> 16) & 65535)
    END AS numeric_precision,   
    CASE  
        WHEN t.typname = 'numeric' THEN ((f.atttypmod - 4)& 65535 )
    END AS numeric_scale,       
    CASE  
        WHEN p.contype = 'p' THEN 't'  
        ELSE 'f'  
    END AS is_primary_key,  
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'p' THEN p.conname
    END AS primary_key_name,
    CASE  
        WHEN p.contype = 'u' THEN 't'  
        ELSE 'f'
    END AS is_unique_key,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'u' THEN p.conname
    END AS unique_key_name,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN 't'
        ELSE 'f'
    END AS is_foreign_key,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN p.conname
    END AS foreignkey_name,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN p.confkey
    END AS foreign_key_columnid,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN g.relname
    END AS foreign_key_table,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN p.conkey
    END AS foreign_key_local_column_id,
    CASE
        WHEN f.atthasdef = 't' THEN d.adsrc
    END AS default_value
FROM pg_attribute f  
    JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid = f.attrelid  
    JOIN pg_type t ON t.oid = f.atttypid  
    LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef d ON d.adrelid = c.oid AND d.adnum = f.attnum  
    LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace  
    LEFT JOIN pg_constraint p ON p.conrelid = c.oid AND f.attnum = ANY (p.conkey)  
    LEFT JOIN pg_class AS g ON p.confrelid = g.oid  
WHERE c.relkind = 'r'::char  
    AND f.attisdropped = false
    AND n.nspname = '%s'  -- Replace with Schema name  
    AND c.relname = '%s'  -- Replace with table name  
    AND f.attnum > 0 
ORDER BY f.attnum
;

#19楼

这应该是解决方案：

SELECT * FROM information_schema.columns
WHERE table_schema = 'your_schema'
   AND table_name   = 'your_table'