如何理解区块链的运行原理?

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rainNight 发表于 2022/06/13 19:15:18 2022/06/13
【摘要】 对于要制作虚假交易,除非你说服了全网里超过51%的矿工都更改某一笔账目,否则你的篡改都是无效的。 网络中参与人数越多,实现造假可能性越低。这也是集体维护和监督的优越性,伪造成本最大化。说服51%的人造假还是灰常灰常难的。

 

上文,我们介绍了区块链的概念,今天就稍微深入一下,尽可能通俗地介绍一下:区块链的运行原理?

通过上文的小故事,我们知道了区块链的概念,它的本质就是解决信任问题,降低信任成本的技术方案,目的就是为了去中心化,去信用中介。

区块链是比特币的底层技术。比特币的概念最初由中本聪在2009年提出,它就是数字货币,海外也被称为法币。

首先,我们借鉴了一个区块链描述中的经典情景来模拟中心化记账。

假设武当派是一个由百户徒弟的门派,其中张三丰是武当派的掌门,掌门的大徒弟是宋远桥。徒弟们都把钱存到武当派哪里,张三丰负责记账。比如,张翠山用1000买了殷梨亭家的牛,张三丰就把张翠山名下的存款减去1000,殷梨亭加上1000。听起来是不是很想银行的操作呢?

就是要从中心化的银行记账开始聊起。徒弟们都相信张三丰,才愿意把钱存到张三丰的门派,它们相信张三丰不会做恶。

可惜好景不长,张三丰年纪太大了,卸任了掌门人位置。新上任的掌门宋远桥也是很正直和聪明的人,但也有个毛病,就是粗心大意。他不但经常算错帐,一次还被偷改了账单。

不过,幸好徒弟们自己都有记账,但是由于宋远桥每次错帐后都要和别人合队半天,导致村民对新掌门的记账能力十分不满。

时间就这么过去,然而最可怕的事情还是发生了,宋远桥的儿子宋青书竟然私下篡改账本,给宋远桥的亲人的余额全部偷偷加了好多,终于有一天事情暴露,徒弟们气冲冲地跑到宋远桥哪里逃说法,于是武当乱成一团,被赵敏偷袭了。

如果这个时候使用比特币的思路来解决这个问题,应该如何解决呢?

公开记账


  1. 每个徒弟都派发一只信鸽。这就是 P2P 网络,是一个点对点的分布式网络。
  2. 每个徒弟都发一个特殊的印章和一个扫描器。这个扫描器有两个功效,一是识别他人的交易是否真实有效,二是识别这个交易是不是自己账号的,同时识别并解锁未花费的余额。这就是非对称加密。
  3. 每个徒弟都可以参与记账,不过不再记余额,而是记交易本身的内容。这就是区块链中的交易,这个“交易”对应的英文单词是“Transaction”,这是个专有名词,专指一笔账,不同于金融交易的 Trade。

这三条总体来说其实是干一件事情,就是:

每家每户都记账,账簿上不再记载每户村民的余额,而只记载每一笔 Transaction,即记载每一笔交易的付款人、收款人和付款金额。

那么问题就来了:如果每个徒弟都记账,肯定徒弟们的账都不统一啊,你记你的,我记我的,最后不全乱了么?

这个时候需要大家统一账本,保证大家的账本都是一致的。因为记录的交易是门派所有人有序产生的,所以这就需要有一个广播机制。

其实很简单,我们现在先把门派所有人的资产都加起来。还真巧了,刚好 100 万。

只要账簿的初始状态确定,并且每一笔交易可靠并按照物理时间自然记录,并且只加不改不删,这样,当前每户持有多少资产是可以推算出来的。

第一块是一个可以识别的标记,比如我往纸上一敲,可识别的标记是 1MsTg2。

这就是你们的代号,由于我们账本是公开的,使用真实姓名会很危险,所以你们记账的交易单上收款人、付款人都填这个码,不用写姓名。你的扫描器和你的印章生成的代号是关联的,有且仅有持有对应扫描器的人才能花费金额,这一步即为“解开交易”。

刚刚说印章有两块,这第二块内容配合这个扫描器才能看,肉眼看则都是乱码,扫描器一扫就知道第二块内容是否有效,这一步也就是“交易验证”。

并且所有交易大家都能接收,都能看到,但却解不开印章乱码部分的内容,仅仅收款方才能解开,因为你的扫描器和你印章生成的代号是关联的,有且仅有持有对应扫描器的人才能解开交易。

创建创世区块


创世区块是我们生成门派公开账本的第一笔交易的第一个信封,好比一篇文章总得有个开头一样。

于是乎,某个徒弟先生成第一个 Transaction,这个交易单的付款人为空,收款人是宋远桥,付款金额是 100 万,因为是创世区块,产出多少个是可以随意规定的,由于我们上面统计了全门派的账目情况,所以就写了 100 万,待会儿付款给掌门以后,我们可以按照原来的账本给大家发送对应的金额过去。 好了,我们有了第一笔交易,第一个信封也已经做好了。现在让掌门把信封传给张翠山,张翠山复印一份,然后传给殷梨亭,殷梨亭继续传下去,一传十,十传百,直到传给整个门派,这个步骤也就是“同步区块”,也就是全网都拿到这个信封,以及信封里面的 Transaction。

交易


由于我们的创世区块把 100 万交给了掌门,那么我们假设张翠山在掌门那里的存款余额是 10 万,这时候掌门要根据原来的旧账本,把这 10 万发送给张翠山,然后把旧账本上的账划掉。下面我们讨论一下如何构造这笔交易。 把 100 万分成两部分,第一部分 10 万,收款人是张翠上;第二部分是 90 万,收款人是自己;这样一个 Transaction 就做成啦。

前面我们说了,不能直接写名字,要写代号,这个代号也就是你的钱包地址,我们需要把收款人写名字的地方,让收款人拿出自己印章,把代号读出来,然后告诉掌门即可。 

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

掌门写好 Transaction 以后,还需要拿出自己的印章,在 Transaction 上盖章,这个盖章的过程也就相当于区块链中的签名。这个章,门派的所有人都可以拿扫描器扫一下验证是否有效,即验证付款人的章是否有效。 

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132fjacccd3c8//1xWs2onB4Frr702G6uXXnppTqneeWjw3nlZ+Vf177//ukEGGSS/UORos/UiTXXbhVJ78803u+1vdcfUU0/tBhtssFab6VP1q+ynDz/80H3//fel4jHaaKO5ccYZp9Q2U40dcMAB7r333ose3nvvvd1kk02WHfvyyy/d559/7lLWDxgzUS211FJuuOGG69Lescce6x5//PEu+8KN/fbbLxvv9ZTeOeec40YYYYSweu421/byyy9nZSAzzY5/nkcs7sEHH9wNPfTQ0XM+/fTTWZnhhx8+ejy185NPPnGvvvpq9vfKK6848PaF+6avIDL1ZK211nJDDDFErRhEL9XHFKK/wAhiM9tss9Xqxb5MOOGEXdqOlWlm3/XXX5+NrcUWW8yNOOKIySboP4jIsMMO23Q/JhvvsANLL720u/nmm90dd9zhVlxxRTfyyCP3GQTaTjRw991///3uiSeeyB6WscYay2266aZ1AXvqqaeyB+u1117LBu7EE0/spplmGrfqqqu6oYYaKlmfQX711VdnCuH999/PHoqppprKLbLIIm6GGWZI1mv0wNdff50plkbr1St//PHHu3HHHbdesV5zvN392+iNMxYefvjhRqvllp933nkdll07BGs/JA9gzsTTiAv74osvdkwWL7zwQrdxy7PFeXh2QhLy7rvvum+++SbzZvDszjLLLO6XX37pVo7J99dff23omsrGj2tAZp555mjTeDnQJ8j0008fLRPbCXk4//zzuxxCB00xxRSZTkIvTTnllO6zzz5zN9xwQ5dysY3VVlutCxmAtOyxxx6xol32QaLqlTvxxBPd2GOP3aVeqxt4M5jsMPaWX375bs1xz6+//rp7++23HeEVyAZkb4wxxnBzzDGHW3nllbuNl26NNLjjggsuyM6ZV22FFVZwc845Z5ciH3/8sTvllFO67As3IKF77rlnbfeTTz7pzAO2+uqru5lmmql2LPxy2GGHuZ9++smNPvromacrPN7INvihax588MHs2d1www0bqd6jZdtGNHio77rrLnfjjTdmisrueoIJJrCvyc977rnHnXbaaZkytUIMZP6wKvbaay83zDDD2KHaJzGtgw8+2L3zzju1fRACJprHHnvM7bDDDm7uueeuHWvlC1bbXHPNlT1UYTso4pdeeil7uKaddtrwcO52yhLLrdQDB3uif5u5TSaBVGz7jTfecChRJoxGrAXzIjRzPY3WOeigg7pVOfTQQ92zzz7bbX9qB5MEJANZYIEFuhWDvD/00EPupJNOcosuumhG5kcdddSsHBMXljSC0oOMnHvuuW7xxRfPJpBRRhklO7bLLru4Dz74IPveU//MK5IiGhyHUI055pgO0lRUmDiR8ccf3y288MIOr+Mkk0yStNjRDRtssEG35k899dSovoDcLbnkkrXyGEgQIvbPN998tf3+FzwzhG+4jsknn7x2qFFPTa1izhfzZkAaQiMIwnvhhRd2qw3On376aTbu0OeM2TIJEJ5Knt88gSCHgm6uVy/EkPFidTCYU0SD+33mmWeyU5bl8YQsQTT6mlejLUQDZg8ZYOJvVCATPJAIym7NNdd0KDO8IhAGHkCO77zzzt2aPu6442okA4UwzzzzOIjGRRddlLFMjvOgTDTRRN3qNroDZYJyjQnMHsuDB2u33XaLFenT+3qqf5sBbYkllnD8xQTrA8XARIulPjAKZP/ss8/Obg1rDCIREyY1FCoK7d5773UrrbSSW2ONNboVZYLm79Zbb3V33323w8pK4WuVsT4fffTRLM8AstKMUJ/QD/W5NhOsfNMXNhlcddVVNQsUhb/55ptnxW0SgFwy8aVkk002iRKRGWec0aH46wnejoUWWqhbMYynmKBLfC8vVjceMzxW5GaExgeT+COPPJI1tdFGGzk8tlUJYUfGBJK690EHHTS7Bp4hdB4TNXoarzQ5Q8wDRx11lDvyyCObCoHn3RtjNoY1dTAg8oQ5Aq9BKCHezBeES5lLXnzxxbB4bRtvocmss85qX1v67NevX+aJp208RzEC29IJKqrcFqKB1WMkA/aPIr/kkktqJCDv3lCMCHHaXXfdtcbWechh+h999FEWT+YBGGmkkWpNEZ+2jiaOudVWW9UGNd4P4tBYJijHjTfeuFavii+4zpC8EE8V521Xmz3Rv1Xc28DcT/QRiYpM0AihwxhxMFzxAhBahGSQh8GzhmKzydvK8RweffTR2XN05plnuueff95hXZPDkBJwxvpOJWim6vn7f/jhB/fegFwV33rnOLlSeA99sfAI+yAV9omxghCKyvMIYQk34vHIGm3yH5Y5+IUC8aMPIYnjjTdel8OEWky/cq/+/VIQT2tZ3gOuDbww0AgPhUI4BSIZ6jo8ueh9yAVeAMYTYyS8l7C9RrchkhDoZoR8k3pkxNqFRN15551ZeAz8YwTF5h+IV5lheggRbUMuRTSsRwZ8DjnkkJl7aZVVVsncjByCaNQTYrymGBmovlLBSwDTRyAMuHP9eKEpEY5j8fjJo/fddx+7M8ENtf7663eJkdqxsj4t+ZCEqIFReqJ/q8CRyQvpzf2Ekg9d00xOeYJXkFwfFCKEfe21105ao7TDhMZkZaFJiAGTA3+hEKtG6RkBiZUJ67Rjm4kVw8SEXAFWsZjg5YCUTDrppNnzb/v9T4gZ7u92CmFe8mdS4uuuWJlYXTwkZRENI3HTTTdd7PTZvpBk+AXxKtsYgWyERIPxzTkYf3gMGHuQB0LsnLNdhM+/5th3PBQQDYTxH3oGmZMsdIeHCaIYCkSLe2VugvjjsSIVANKLoYx3hlCZP+/RhoXfwQdvcll9G15fmdtt8WgwSMiIb1Rws6EMECwnEzokzNnAheUTDXNpMWn4MXSIi2+9MJAZ8H4ZO09Zn2ZtxAZbWefoyXZ6on+ruN++QDRQLrfddltDtw8ZgGSgkHDBM7nmCWGQyy+/vFaEeiRLough8IQcrrjiikwxkhgHySCnBcsZy40/ckl6MkcDd70fEvXJI+TBPKWERUJFbjfOPVHWN1LsWFWfYLz77ruX2ryPQ6sNFyEaeecwXUgZv0/YhgyyJBuyERMMmi222CKaVxQrX+U++omVQuR7MdeERAPCCGFHUmFYkpXxAiLkebCkm9CfL7fccos75phjMqJl+0kdwKMEUYHMiGgYMk1+mpuT6mTCm5BQihJDEZDNjBvWvAZWxuqyvMuWx9HxLDtDIBb2joGwrrVR1qdNYLDPIsvdiAnixhvYxfqI+2y0f8vGhjg3iWEIXq4wLhs7HxMq46udYgltkDs8E76EiXl2bMstt8zCHqxuiCVNWzn7JMkPiwrLCYJBPNqE7+RKMVGzguc///lP5rEMJzPOxaRS5HzWdrs+r7zyyowkEctPkQyuhcRGJEU0ICFmtWYFvX/NjgvwNbwxisxr6zVd6Cvnpx/LFJ4PyABSj6yG58U4hJDiSUIwukLseQYhGeh0DEu8HUyq6AkILp8kI6PPU7k9rIpiWTFlGac8J+BAEng9IeTD+elvzt1vQD4ESc6xMYzXhueD96VANBgr/jgxQ5dzpoiGfz3cFySD1Skk9EKqICuQCRuHfnnmL441Oz78ttrxvS0ejWZvxCcAlvmLAkRRIORWYN1BNPxJi2NW1+qxj3AN5VCKKGnL4LeHhzJViLF4XNH81RMUTScQDesj8LB+Ktq/9TBs9Lj1EfV8az6vHfJ+mp1Q8trNO2ZEgzE8++yz5xWtHSN3ifBgEcGDeMIJJ2RFUdoxYmy5FUwceBZ9BRueg8RBQhZ57vSwTtXbWKMkJq677rrZElyUuhkj/rltdYm/z/+OZ8cSSv39fCcpNrXaJSyb2ibZvd77TFJ1IcFlEw0zmDinnw+XugbyOfB44TWGkPGJEBIgITf08OLhQC/jHQjbJ+xOwj8ePd4lkSIaXKN5XcjfI6xBedokUTZvHPq6mUkegwPv3tZbbx1d/gyBgGhwTgxfn2xzXrtXyE49IWSCR36dddbJiBblIRis/gqx4Jjt8/uE/b1VejXR8MmDDcqzzjorY50keLI0lY5AmLSMVcJKye9ArB6DCKVHYg4TBKzZxJ/wbF+Zn8Y6Ycd5g47rwEqMKb0yr6e3tNVs/1Zx/VgHCCSPl+HkCXFyFFFP9JMRDSyfmJDNT0KmkQEmecZ8npDIhnvWBKUZs6LsuP/Zk+ER/zrC7+gAe+44RujIhHg4FjnKnTwMkuti7yQwopHCjz7A6o1JmbkEEKKiK0kgf2EOT+z6mtlnZJzJOm/CtrZ5YRrJ9r5AJliBGOZmUAZdDaGICfXmn3/+bPUQScAxIReFyR8ig3eEkLgRQa6D9lOE25Yo0wZkhnp8YsTyTLFC0ZZu27k5l3nI8WAY0YCsG2kpSjbp3zCxEwLPPcfEiEbVc1fs3M3s+//ZtpnaFddhsJjwsMPwYZC4smz5lyl7XHMoBrbDemzzSmZkmWWWyZQMbNfEL2/7yvpk0PHwIywHy4uncU0QDZ8ElXUdvbEdH/dG+reKezFXJy5W3sCXJ0xQPU00UEJhPBclyQRrJIN7YLue+KSCCYT8C18gLhAW2j/55JOjYSXeuYF7m8RrJsaeFghQ3kvUmBSwBjFI8NoQugvfKWJEw3RMeE+8/InQUUp8opMqU2Q/Y83v07w64ZjIK9voMRtL/ltM89qAzEHiqEfYmPsg/EKSLq+GT70TBJ2JRwByCLG2997gYUPY5s+/DvoBchfqTpJKGbvgRz9zPbz/xATDj7EbEkOugTmDRQZcM+Rt++23t2rZJ3UgTPQz17vccstl+yEZds1Fl7Uuu+yyXdqut2H3bn1Sr3xPH+/VRMNYGyDhUj/vvPMyvHAvWRzTEm5QgqYQYL8MOCYy3HWW04Hlxut+EavHd/88bJcpDDqug9BAHsngnJAlJGVBZQcHon8+7o30bxUQmLu1SFKw9ZONtyquJ9WmeTT43QP+fIEg8QZDiAPvBIGU9+/fP1vphRub38gg9o1F6Ute6ANljzVHmyjpWO4KStZWeeEt6A3C8+/Hxpk4IEy+kH/CeymIzRMCYgIiPm5iRLgn+tmugU9beefv64nv6FgE3QkJq6enCO354T08ESyFhnSQkwC5Cz0bJD9ibNULCRgJNBzCdmw/ngLCMbxUjjokYPpEg/EcG9MQ7s022ywL+eDZMEPE2rVPxhhEA+OD8cK4s7AJITlbIWLlU5+p/KpUefMuWZ+kyvWW/X2GaKAIcLWzdtt/a54l8PmTFuCSKIrbi2WwpmDIWDaXn9WjbFiXfWWJTWBh4lOsfVNsDNBOEB/3Rvu3THywdiwxuMg6+p7sJ9zC4ZsIGefmoYM0+MSB70wIKESeCZ4Fnoki45Fls0wMFlu//fbbs5UCxJLNosI9jUVowouv8GosuOCC3axLK9OOz34DQhr+y/EgTMTaQ+FewANvKUuAec+DPX82mdWbUMM2y95mwitqGWPBQwyrEPtNE0gnE53//BY5H32Cl4mXF4It48l/hxHhDQgBgrFIaBzjjO8IutRIl/VNdqDOP8a+tWvPSZ0q2WEICB5OcjWYe3gOLJfM6tMvGLLoEEJFhGCMlJALZGPJyqc+zXBOHQ/3W8ik0T4I22nXdq8mGihGE1gwbJEMelOkDHhzFfplqUMHoIDNAsQt6i+RxYI2Ceva/lY/uT6LEbL0r55gdSExhl2vbl887uPeaP+Web9MvngpiLkXyabvyX6KxZhJiOZFTvZcxLDBKmfy5/XRJLvus88+sWK1fSTB4S7GBUxSIQr0sssuy17exYTAMkSUPV4SSDthBJQqShnSyOoCcl3wcBRVtrWTt/kLiYl4HsnTIWHcwiFGKNE7PSlgauHXetdRZWI71jNYgAvPazOTHM8XuRJ4RcLQkv0uDOSCcIcRG7tnPAvNiG/1+57sIm35dfGyhEQDwxcixDMAwcBbYiGeouSQ62iUzNr7XeynAYrcS0+W6dknqM6dh4mT/BiP7/bCFWcuNkvEsSbZxlJBGCxhspd5OVDAKbebtdXsJ4wdi4+HM/wxn1ibPTmBxa6n6n2t9G9Z10aM3n4gi5hx3mRt5+xt/WQTonkZ7DrDTzyBZOAz9plYY292pA6Wo1mAuJ0tQQ83OD9AhdVMbJgXFqFgCdmQ0Q925CHx0ijCNpAfwpWNKNzwmtuxzURBzgDLIk2fcF6LszdKlLB+Y0siG70Xm3zAm7+eFnQlnjDCBKwiSY2fvOuE0Nvz4z9rPIeWkE2ILiQZtNls4rFPaBrV9VYXHY43MRT2s8KH384iZIJOw8BEiiaChm3W22ZcGvEsmiRcr82qj/dqooGSwv1k4YeFBqx79wWmbxIeY5sf70HocH/gwvqtTdxq/jFrr9VPPCb8pgpC5rCtfslr1+JuRcrmtdNXjrXSv2XdI5MibnUURtH8AgslmEs3dS1MWlWMrfB8RYkGeBvZwDux//77h01l2zxz5How0fleQJLf+vfvnyX1kQOC+5Ylh/4PE+Ie5+V8xMJ5xno7yTAAuGdWF/gGiyXa1SMaWNrcr/0xYRKmyQvDQUYs18euIfxkdRwvFIsJXhg8SoRJQiub8oznKgScIBr0rRFQ/zwQBjyyPonwj5PLY+OVsWICiaEOk3QsvJF6NTv1wZH6KbF3d3A8NG7y6hIKsXwLlrGnMGUOgWhQnuW8dh6etyoEA5qxiWGRN8aqOHezbVYzGiNXQxjD3D0cthwJBqbFtNhPUowfr4LdGikg453MX1zuvOed2BjCgOXPF1y9uOBw8UFIIBsoRJQ/S/ksi5v2yxYeFtzHMHdYcOhNSZ3P4m5+SCFVtrftb3f/lnH/WGV4nRCSAov+wiKTBBIud8t2DviH8iLhkix7QmZMxinFa3Va+TTiU8SKZnLg90t4pkiCDJfUkYxnv+yad01m+bO8z5K0Y+UJs0D68Yy0UyDt5F2YFAkp+CSDeugmxA9l0rfWLvkCvI/DD8NSHkPBjAa2TShHPguTolnKWNh+v7HKwSx7qxf7NKuZJft+/VhZki6LeFRjdcN9EE/eY4RHLJazQCInky7vrUDnQk7BjxA2484SmHke/ERRyBzPH/dOffQy+RFgxXOEzrZ7Dq+JeYDXHPD6ABJ8bYKHsLCCyt4EzRwBKfCF/BdelUBYEW854SCeb/oVI8TOmfoBOdoyzwXEz4zf8Dz+OVv9zrUhzHH1vJitnqus+m0jGjxA/DhTKExQBx54YG03Ct9/jwHvxoclMviwGMjRgFkaK4bNsy8mWBUkp0EqSPTC7WvuUMqjAMu2uFAwKBMUOQ/JTjvtVMibwfVYbM8nWuzvC9IT/dsKLkwS9iufKLyiy8sgrownvBn+BORfCy5elCPCuKVf/dUMftkyvlvs2o8nh+0SLmESWGqppbKEvMMPPzwj6nhc/F8/RVn6z0jYjm2bAuY5rEeiUpYg1q0l4Vq7fHINJryiOWatxqxeq8Mnk3orSZFgyr3Rx74yJ8ZvLnzL/2Jiw4XNH8qfCQtMjEzYdRFPZyxY6ADdZUsirQwkxvK6bF/eJ8SwnjDplUU0CJdgReO6h+TEvBpgT66L/Z4VnjG/T7lefmAtDL3QFrqT8cecwHiGgNj4xhuR+l0fQtS8Y8kE/G2Mso9+JK8oHEv0BQSIPyR2rZCQ1AvCqINhSO6JherZV/a8QpsI5Nden59Hfv63dO/53zaiYfHGerceKi2UFJnKDCLYIgPDSAYPNMdCS8TOwUO/7777ZoMXb4opUAYdjBtPQ3g+q9vMJw8fvwoLeUJI3CuyXJKyuCPNUqpyUuJcVUhP9G8z98EYICfDPBlMEsTniwhjz16GlNdHjEdTxrSLEswrX+TcqTIQH7PY/Jd42WSG9cP9GvHhmcC7wHtoeE8AVhsKnecBYeILJ7/YuamPB463iOYRnFhd28eY5y9PbALIKxM7hpXvv13XV9Cx8v4+9As/QY/4OWFsQ8z4dVCsXiZKyEVRwwDCQvIsbm/0Dt6MkITxDhIs83rC6hgm7+222662KiNVp5mkzVRb7OdXfw8++GAHyfFXIHEMLwTk0Zb1s88nGdwzryeIvbWUCR0vCWE9yLx5hRhfnBP88BQjvt6mj8x7nR0c8M9IBuUwVtH1MQ8k+RWERyxM5l8rxBAdnnrfh52LT8icEQ08WkVCGv49+N/9dsPveAghu7TvhzXDcr1tu21EA6vJt5waAQIWytJUlBsJoCg4JvAi8W86BGWIYmAgMHiIt4XMtpHriZXlFwlx7+FahchwrTw4KcHTwcMEY6eOuV9xcxZZephqt6f291T/Nnq/EE9TCDyoWDmpnBhyfFihQR+h5MjloM+QJZZYInlqSBdZ85BjCE0siSxZuc4BJkGWnHI9hAMgEChJlK1ZiLy22iZwCy9CdLhmU5pMZow5wiQQDibMRhPl6lxq3cM8H81afnhoULop4V78sBBWMc9oLJ+BNkiSpb+Z+FnJZuGomM6KWfGp6wj313tfArqpyGvtbWLCbd8s0Quvreg2z40RabxSPqFjwuWPMcn4Qu8yMTLJE0apFxbGs0iuFB4rxjdeDD+kaYTYv1ZCH/zRx3iZICg8J5AP/nh+U8IP2GF84H3iWgnpQ8zopxgxSbUDEeKvEeFeYveTaoN5gnGKNHquVJvt2t82olHGDUEOiiw/jJ2LAd6sUou1F+7DiuX6IAp4WXio8gTrk8x8E+oyUWChhFaOlRnYP1vp36LYMOHiYcByRKmZwo7VR8mZe9yOQ1Sp5ydA2jH/05LX8JgUsW78unnfGRvEsS2OzzYJekyqplCZqCA7HMPlC8GIedbAgEkVotVOkgERZ3IkZNWsSx+lS56W3bNhxnOO8g7JHV4HVsGkhEnFQiKUAUOuL2Z5p9ropP1MdHg1WJIKMQg9mvQLzw9/jQreqGaMLfq4qHfJvyZIe78gx88/3lu+4/HGW97XvBngN8gAF9P/rsXpLWj24evAZQjRYMKsJyhKmDR/sG9i/vYysXp1dbx5BLBYsHyKKkAsM+sj3KpFrBy8DPaeCiymsl2cXD/WF2OI+4glA0JiUdYpb40hSBuQrXCisOOpT5a/YnGyMiJ2/lS93rofNYi3iv4GjyLe0nr3Qlt4SSBWCw3IBytTeNMr18zL23rKMCHREs8POXXNTPBl4tEJbZHwSnieVYzNELGexEhEoyfR17kHSgRIWmaCwe0exvgHyhvWTQkBISAEchAQ0cgBR4eEgBAQAkJACAiB1hAYtLXqqi0EhIAQEAJCQAgIgTQCIhppbHRECAgBISAEhIAQaBEBEY0WAVR1ISAEhIAQEAJCII2AiEYaGx0RAkJACAgBISAEWkRARKNFAFVdCAgBISAEhIAQSCMgopHGRkeEgBAQAkJACAiBFhEQ0WgRQFUXAkJACAgBISAE0giIaKSx0REhIASEgBAQAkKgRQRENFoEUNWFgBAQAkJACAiBNAIiGmlsdEQICAEhIASEgBBoEQERjRYBVHUhIASEgBAQAkIgjYCIRhobHRECQkAICAEhIARaREBEo0UAVV0ICAEhIASEgBBIIyCikcZGR4SAEBACQkAICIEWERDRaBFAVRcCQkAICAEhIATSCIhopLHRESEgBISAEBACQqBFBEQ0WgRQ1YWAEBACQkAICIE0AiIaaWx0RAgIASEgBISAEGgRARGNFgFUdSEgBISAEBACQiCNgIhGGhsdEQJCQAgIASEgBFpEQESjRQBVXQi0G4E///yz3afU+dqIwM8//9zGs3U/1R9//OG++OIL9+OPP3Y/qD2lI/D3339neH/77belt91bGhTR6C09oesQAnUQuPLKK93666/v/vvf/9YpmT785JNPur/++itdoIQjTz31lNtyyy3dBRdcULi133//3b344ovuiiuucP3793ePPPJIbt1rr73W7bLLLu6OO+6IlkN5b7PNNm733Xd3P/zwQ7RMkZ2QuldffdVdc8017uCDD3aHHXaYo+0q5LXXXnMbbLCB22KLLdyvv/5axSkKtXnppZdm2IGxpHoEIJY77rij23bbbd13331X/Ql74AyD98A5dco+jMBvv/3mBhtsMDfEEEM0fBf//vuvG2SQQRquV6QCE9Wbb75ZpGhDZaaeeursfhuqVFHhueee21111VXu+eefdx988IGbcMIJGzrT5ZdfntWffvrp3W677eaGGWaYLvXvu+8+d/fdd3fZl9pYZJFF3MILLxw9TF98/fXX7qeffupy/O23386um/0oV/vEeuaYP4F/8803bp555ulS39949tlns7aGG244f3ft+xtvvJFZiZCqEUccsba/3hfG9+uvv56RCwgGYyr0ID344INu0EEHde+//35uc9NMM42bddZZu5QBl9RkwrNhBOO2225zM8wwQ5e6/sbwww/vxhprLH9XKd+5Nsgb97f00kuX0maqEcbAkEMO2ZQuSbVZxX76/9Zbb82apj/HG2+8Uk/D+FxwwQXdXXfd5a6//nq34YYbltp+b2hMRKM39EIvvwZcehdeeKHD4vryyy/d4IMPnk1yTMJrrbWWG3rooZN3gDK5+uqrM8WNYuahmmqqqRwTVZ4iTTaYOIACP+CAAxJHm999/PHHu3HHHbf5BhqoycTLBJMnI488smMSPvvssx2EISVMWksttZTzJ+LZZpstIxJ4Dvbbbz+31157uVFGGaXWxFdffZX1cW1Hzpdm+u7ll1/OxlGsWSacySefPPubcsopc+8N1z4EgMlwxhlnjDXnICJIHkaxingTfvnlly6Hxh57bAdpYLxz36OOOqo77rjj3MMPP9ylXLjxzz//dCMaF198sYOo1JNLLrnE8ZeS+eef322//fapw03vZ6IDX9ofY4wxurTz8ccfu1NOOaXLvnADArTnnnuGu2vbeNQeeOCBjFiiSxDG9EwzzeTWWWed2ni84YYb3OOPP54dX2+99TLss43gHxgfc8wxDh3FeNh7771z9VFQvdAm5BP9h3CtKaLB+I71GUbZOOOM4yaYYAK3wAILODAKZfnll8+eTUjeiiuumJ0nLNOXt0U0+nLvteHase5wF0MYTLAS33nnnewP8oFiGWmkkexw7ZMYL+5myppACFDQjz32mNthhx0cVnoZMsIII7i55prLoXhCYeJ46aWXskl32mmnDQ/nbueRqNyKTRwEL7wOReSVV15x/OXJHHPM0YVoTDrppFlfHn744e69997LiMY+++xTU5xYsDPPPHNek7VjTLaNynzzzZeFbcB0qKGGysYFihXiuf/++2cEtkibkAzG4BRTTBFV2rSB1weZbrrpss+i/2z8LL744hlJ4dp8Mha2s+iii2bX7+9/+umns/Ht77PvEKNhhx3WNrPJhXuBBI422mi1/fbl+++/r7XFNTGZIpCxssW8GbS7wgordGue5whPUZ7EJlHK480k9MdfKJwXb9pCCy1Uwxo8mLTxcp1//vnZuI15QyEtRkgYv+18XsP7IESXwgcSgnD/G220UUY4/PoYM7PPPrt74oknBkqvhoiG39v63gUBlO5ZZ52VkQwe8lVWWSWzdHj4cfPhTsTlfdppp2Wx8C6VB2xg9RnJwM2OKxyicdFFF2Vuc47zgE000URh1Ya3IRrE7GPCNe6xxx4Oy5SQQW8XlHVM0Re97ptuuimZl8BkRg4E3p933303U2pbb7111jTeD8hIM8IkZBaqfeJ5sfACYR7ICWPIhLGA4HXAS1ZPUNKQK9pFPvrooy5eLLxrTMBMXDbuGKOpfA+IymqrrRY9LVa0TwiihQbs5HxMkL5wfRDpmOAi588ELxbEG9xj10Jf0hYYbb755latkk+8CHgz8Nr069cv9xw8z6HHgwqpiZ58DyMZeAWWXHLJ7J4hIJDee+65p8v50AvLLLOMu/HGGzMdA0YQVV+41ssuuyzbxTOzxhpr+IdL+w4ptuexaLiSPkavcX+MB7yIhDvp71NPPTU7Fuo9zgHRgHyvtNJKUeOttJtqc0P1n+42X5BO13sQwP2MEkB46FHkJhtvvHGmlIjpP/PMMw7Ly/dqfP755+6FF17IimOdbLXVVrX8DHIDjj322Mz7QH3aqlJ4uBEURl8QJriVV145eqnmycCVz19M7r///iTRoDyEYt99981IxpprrhlrouF9KNKjjjqqSz28CuZZIEzjh3EoaOENSEbMEmSc4G42QVHjmTIxT5VtGwFhwjQxwmHb/iex99jk7pcp8/udd97ZxTNI2+ZB4ViMbFnODOT+uuuu63I5TNghyelSoMENI2Sp3Bu/ucUWWyzzKPn7Ut8hBDfffHN2GAKBF80nKbPMMks2sZq3xtqhb2ws492Yc845u+Rz0KaRVXRTypti7TX7SViPJOxGBG8ifyb083nnnZcZZ3iwIF277rqrHc4+Ia3g88knnzi8YoSXBxYR0RhYerKC+/jwww9rreIiDmW55ZbLXL88RLgwiTOaoCBMYOe+2xM3qQnxah7iZpJLrY16n5AgpIiFWq+tnj7ORIuSWn311ZNEo8g14gHCakewugiBNSrgaVYZuTdGfD777LPMimMiRHEiuI6J/8eEVQ4xgbjiUQtl00037RKuwKplpQtCnonluVBu/PHHD6tnpCYWS+9WsOQdEAUSX2MCSSJ/IyVGMP3jeIjKIhqffvppbdJuNNzkX1PsO7rBVv5gVPgkw8qHJIP9jC/yNvCY4iXDO2WeBdoz4sUYhPiYoLdI5EXINQmTnq0cJBiDiPOE3hLwiCWXk6cTu35rM/XJ/aHn0H0k/EKaY0JoF6LBcy6iEUNI+wY6BHgITWIZ7iQ48QBBNAhP+IKFi/AQTzbZZLVDjz76aM2SZSfeBtzrfpla4ZK+2PsAQou6pOZLawaLlolx9NFHb6lNFCEWcFEPDmVJDm1UsMDIwUFQwJaMe8ghh2REg3wPC8vg3bIwCuUhNiTZQUTGHHPMbGJgtQqThuVEpPqL8kZwaMu3ZMlxwVPBuXHPxwRihfjkN1au7H0s+eUey5IyybnlEDD+IIhlipFAQpeNJhHjXbn99tuzMB9J5WxDkll9hUcLIeeBlXAmPO9nnnlmtkkohwTMUNBZJ510UhZmw+MaEg28tHggQtluu+2aIhq0Q3+hR/ESo1sZh+EYhGjg3bL+CM/fV7fl0eirPdfLrpu4uC+2TUzTlAAJpeecc05WDGLx1ltvZd/N4+DXL/O7WVNY2sS86wnKybeQ6pUv6zgEgZBSq0LmfShgj3K2SdaOkzPBRE1SLi5uBIsQyxulyMSDqxfrD+LiW7sxb4EfziC3AG8WZIIJxiYZrM3+/ftnSpb3XHD8lltuceeee24WXiG5OGbh2jWnPrEE8aRB2Jh8UmIYhEreL48HIWYJQ5wnnnhiv2jh77YChvHOZNKsQKCYbMsU8l2Qojk6vCOF8QKGrMIgp4Nk1RhmFt6AjOK5IUTz3HPPZWEkQmN4wvDMxPqDcUBfQoQZW5AN7p88BoRxGyZ4cx5ykTjvQw89FCUaTOSmo/B6hGL3w37IIV6ZVoVxZ+E9dEzsfs3gohyejxierV5HT9QX0egJ1PvIOX0vBhNPOLEwcWMZICFZsG3f2sRdzcONNbr22mu7gw46KKtb9RvxzKPBChr+6glKqieIBi+FskTK1DVaLgMx3Hq4QVws+RKlGyNZKG3CHjvvvHPtlBASPAMsjyU8BlHbZJNNMk8DSbV5giUIMUFQlEceeWS2YsCSBBkXlp9jJISynIuEPyZ4cGgmdwJPCKQFCxVvG+Qq5hWxMct5U5J6KRqKv5EXkcXaB4Oiq4ti9SEseJPKFCPjRb0Z/nNEHgwhUEIbeLCMUNn12eQKaSA3yB/jeEIJJ1B/p512ihIoiMO8886bjQ+8G3jD8MKlcieYwPFQEKrDk8bzHxIzxhrCuAzfdcJ+yIsRGOqXQTS4dsOZROSY+HlulBXRiKGkfQMVAn4iHklp4YtkyAg3sQeIbSwde/GQKXoUE1YIyobEUD/xzUiJtVX2J+v/ESwu/57C83AdWEzmgQmPV71NxnkYgkqdE+Wel+hIPaxTIxqQDrwHJuRFpOLE1pe4uhsV7sGEPsZSJsbOmw8hO0cccURGkJgo/eRiGxesCrLVCSTExvoCt7P1KecyIolSxhvCeQnf4DGDMBBq8cWIBudMCe918MeolSsajrLyeZ/gy9tLi8rpp5+e4Vm0fCPlDENIZz1h4p9kkkmyyZs+hVzySX4MCcGsJrPwF2EsG0+W2Ipni6WcWPj33ntvFhYh1Ar5Iq8mJuQT8Q4OdIs9I7xvgnEdE7wUEA0ICZ41nn0TrslWBZFgWmaf2jkIj+D94h4xCPDg+O9PSeVfQHwgUNwnuPnGnrXdFz/l0eiLvdamaybOTeiDCYkMbxQ5S1RR1CgNUxxcDg+0iVm0bKPM2T7jjDOyw6xeYQI0Vy07/fJZoRL/4fY0LwCJZHmTJ9cE0YhNMCVeUrIpVoCYwg8LQdxiiZGbbbZZckmh/14G+g5L3yTm3bBjlgSch5WV9T+Z/HmnARM7HjCUPdYr1iOEAevS3NUk23EeXNQIoRk8BXgiIBJMOpTnpVRhzgovK0sJipmxyBgl/weiAekwjwr1jGjESIy1i3XNRFGlkKPCBFRUKF+VMLEheXkfkHTyGsLJj2eM5xurn/AGL7eyl4kxqfvCmCDPwcIGeA4J9bHUmnBSijwwBvCA8Yp6hG3KpgSvqekuxp9PNBhr9l6gWNgk1WYj+40sx+qQNJ/3/iAjGtYnsTb62j4Rjb7WY228XkgCLnNe8MREx8PjP0BYP8Rnibn7L3BCQTNZQyBQ9ng+ICtYH2bF2oPO7fjuwrJvD08K10EIp97EaWQpz9It+/r89vJelmVEzS/PdyynMt+vAAZ4ApgIwgklPHe4jZeEeoRBLLyAhUpYxlzPWML0B+PBT4xkgmLfQgNi9bzIDc8H44p3ruAN8QW3s+/ix7ODNW0CgaAOHhza5G2WfmjIiG0e0bC2qvyEdEFse4NYaCFFdLlGyJpP2Oy68QhAeMl7wLNhieAc93UB26wiMZLBNsSGifeEE07ICCDjOeWlYGwY0WCirueJgESwkodwHF4F87JY2IQx5OcccT1lCfdoBgskH/KNriQU2e//yHXsXDx/phutT2Ll+to+EY2+1mNtvl4StY4++ujs7Xws9yLeyqRNHBaLwpYm+tYzl8hDjPLHzYkFgfB6Z1MOTCwmVRINe+8Cr7euJzYBYVH0JiGGjbWH4mFtPp4kFBZhCvbTF3kWUiP3gisbyxmSkWfdMrlTxkJjjA28GSh3n3SiXFmZAmlg0ocU8aZZxJ9w/GvEGoXcMvngAQuF/A2flJ188skOjHwBK8IwWMusdOK+7P0QRTwafltVfSefpJHVPoQlLIG67GuykImFORptHwKCriA8AIHCwLD8LJ5vCAg6IfROcR7/JVjkfaXEHy/+91R58jogGoQvSEBddtllM3JLCAbheFVkk3dk+O/RSF1juB+ix/UiVerF8LxVb4toVI3wQNA+Foa9XAaCgFLB6kdhm5s9JBo8JBANSwRjiZn/uxT+0lnfOi0TLh5Y4scIryevJ2Zhx6y2enWrOo4nwH5fAne0hYGwkki8O/DAAx2/x4L1RNy7FcGSsvdLYD3mif32DSSUCdMsTQgQYRFf7DdMbJ8lsdrkZvv9T4hCbPWMX6bed1aHrLvuutkyRVa0YL0yls2dbxZnvXaqOs6zYUS9yDlS7+AoUrdeGSOHYd/Vq+cf9y1wCEtINBizMfGfN8vtipVrdB99zSvkSR5l9QlEg6W29pyHS1obbb+K8oY/Y9PHs4pztbNNEY12oj0QnMuPWzOJG5EIs+CxSi1piwcmTCQ1LwcWBVZvFUKWN+9u4KEl6auemALyFV+9OlUdhyTxhksmfr7z8+EkKBrR4LxkxZNMeOKJJ2Y/LEWSbeydAUWuEZIBacCiIsSUF/+mPUgkHiAjC7iGLUnQlGXsvEzyFuYIyWmsfKv78IhgwUKIGatMPs16rnBrQ5JiVnkj12nWOJ4j/8V2jbRRdlkmZMRCjc2QMEvQpa6fgEveDR4wvBoYJ2Fo0nQI5/frsd2q4GGDaOAJwriBcCBcky0lbfUcZdYnzIMQHgxxKvM87W5LRKPdiA8k52NisnwNPBKhdYBFbL9fgJvbJiRuH2VtIQ1eP+wfKwselArxfQRlYy7+vPYtPl2vLFYXBKmqEAvWIEl39opuSBqegphALCxRFMJBfJy8mkbIEsSAUAXvoeC+CHH5YRObdHBr47mgDN8hnWa1LrHEElm/xq7R3wfBhNCxVNo/h1+mzO9M6pbjYZ4zS7Kr138QEsgyuQdMAEzC3C+/VZEnTKiIEYqwLPceS+ylHEnX/C4IqxLIZ4hJvfEZq1NvHxMb/UHfMCkb8fDrQbTo+5gQOiN5FyEUYmOGbX73g7wIcCeEEeoKWwFCWQhAmUJIEW8WfUmY0ZJvw2so85yttGUv6rKlta201Zvqimj0pt7ohdfCZMcf8W0UJMoCRUSyHzF3hHcxhJMG1i2WMRMScVvIBg89kyg/62wZ9BY3L/PW8QCwpBKliYUUelNS57JltjYhxcpxL7SNsseb4IeDYuUb2Ye1BznDnQ5OTITkNPg/whVrD/y5ZsgJuQrkQ5B0Sww6NtlBLMzrQB+CEyQDzxMhMnuVuJ0LQkH4g8nEyCXH/FANHiz+6omtVGolp4QJzc/x4drzJOxPc89bvpDVJcfExuWhhx6arYQwUkIZsGQ8GSG1enzSZ1jOlDdPnm8xY7XbS6b8euF381jxyXsp8oTrgYCWQTwYazyzYEt4IUY0SPhk5RLjEV1AeJR8DMpbLgTXa68Jt2tnOSuJmBgY5513XvYyLc6FQEAgAAgExccs29niP8Y0nkCu0X8FPsZHbxPyWiCzSJl6pTfcp4hGb+iFXnwNTL4ovJTS44FNudnJIUBho7zJIyDXwOLj3DJej9jLclqBg0mACRePCdYXyxSLKmKW2CF5Ln0sMiYT/sCkLIUAeeM9CWTdI1h2TPp+olx2IPGP0BDKn4RBlumCN4qV1177b3sEF16iZRM17zzAAwIZgzikVprwoiWSKs3NDfFoNGMfaxKFT7/UI0+J28x25y3NzatnxyzhMIyBQxRMUPiQZyZEJl0+sfpTY4mJ2tzetEEo0U9YZZJtZIUJfegvAbfrCj+Z+P3+DY83sg1BgGjwy8yrrrpqt5dFQUhJquUPsTwt/xz0KwTXF/obwoyBgT4hARbyh5eByRWhrfBV4n4brXxHRzHuTCAzeZ4TPCzoEBNLHmabxGN/BRht4wEsQwj1olcYZ2Eouoz2e7INEY2eRL8PnJuYNkrB3n9gl0zyGMsYU78ySjmUMxMUDy0WtJEM3Pr8SBuTW8zitnM0+okVyFsnLQeAHzEqaiHhBbBlbyzBTAmKFGWMQvB/uyNVvuh+PBiQDFzOKHxetBVa3PXaIteFZaFMxLxdk/Z8JQlJAB9IBiQPjxOhEAgO29w3oYHYZEoiH+58X/AcxWLufhn7zkTLeRDyJlKExsrnfUKq/Fg+HrcikzJt4v2wOH348jaSBUm4RMnzBx6hpy51XUsvvXSNNENgQrIKYeStqmCWJxBZvGaEFP13P6Tq1FuynaoX2w9pZpLjObKVTX45PBM29tnvjy30Ac9bKiQBIYJgMFFD9Hx9AkHedttt6xImX1f43/1rjH3HmEHnmLeqnjeDEBGkKibcs3/MdBpl/ZyKRq6Puma48L2qn7un7Z4SEY2eQr6PnJdYIQweRc4EjqIkm9/WpNe7DRQXyxRRLLiUUUgo3VSst157qeMs9cRiQkmgVHh/Q57VjKcDxYMlSh1bBcO95S2FZfUKBIr2/ckudV1F9zOxsEKCJXGs4mhWmBghf+RuQJzsXrhHvBwQGpbDkjiKYuw3YE0/Xo37BoRc+EMgO5Ac+shXnvQ97fCHNYqS5Zp5kVKekM/DElfGD5g183pxv31Iqu8t4Fq4Lz8vwMpzjUzw3AfXbaukCPPgUveFJE+WxDYjhJfAMiX0SxHvnYUjwcl/wVqq3bL3M8nRV+SKQJ7855T3koAnSZ88zxBWwieM1yL6AM8QeUR4HUkOZTKG7BWpy31C3vzQXdF7ZyyzSqqo4JEJvTJF6kKAm7k+2mZ1Gd4e9GVZXtIi19yuMiIa7UK6D5/HFEJoATZyS3hFiijaRtr0yzJxoBQhCiT/1bOYmVQsMYx2qIsVy1sLYxOWnYvJyl69Xs8ysjpFP+tN2EXboRxK2Y+VMxljieGZwHo0AkGfENLCgkX5M4ngzsbCog4WnHktuHdfmDyLeIyYkDg3npK99tqr6TduQpBoI/QW8NPj/MWEa+S6bQKHhKLICfc1anXG2h/Y9vleDYhquIoJPPMIVRE88PgMjJNpkXuPleH5YoUZMjB6M7ivQQZYKfm+PEpJhEAfQIA8B4iGb4WlLpvJB+uMPyZULNIioQq8JuQqoCj5XY0i50pdQzP7ySMhJAIpatTzQRIkZKLqjHYsVrLnCbtZ/gAeB1Zj0D8xIWRBHWLnsUTEWJ2i++hfvFeQJyY5JstWhVAb/UA4oczl2YQYIXt4NIrm57R6L2F9kn4J30De8R5JqkUAYo8nBBItolEt1mpdCPQJBLD+CUewWibP89EnbkYXKQSEgBBoAwLyaLQBZJ1CCAgBISAEhECnIjBop9647lsICAEhIASEgBCoHgERjeox1hmEgBAQAkJACHQsAiIaHdv1unEhIASEgBAQAtUjIKJRPcY6gxAQAkJACAiBjkVARKNju143LgSEgBAQAkKgegRENKrHWGcQAkJACAgBIdCxCIhodGzX68aFgBAQAkJACFSPgIhG9RjrDEJACAgBISAEOhYBEY2O7XrduBAQAkJACAiB6hEQ0ageY51BCAgBISAEhEDHIiCi0bFdrxsXAkJACAgBIVA9AiIa1WOsMwgBISAEhIAQ6FgERDQ6tut140JACAgBISAEqkdARKN6jHUGISAEhIAQEAIdi4CIRsd2vW5cCAgBISAEhED1CIhoVI+xziAEhIAQEAJCoGMRENHo2K7XjQsBISAEhIAQqB4BEY3qMdYZhIAQEAJCQAh0LAIiGh3b9bpxISAEhIAQEALVIyCiUT3GOoMQEAJCQAgIgY5FQESjY7teNy4EhIAQEAJCoHoERDSqx1hnEAJCQAgIASHQsQiIaHRs1+vGhYAQEAJCQAhUj4CIRvUY6wxCQAgIASEgBDoWARGNju163bgQEAJCQAgIgeoRENGoHmOdQQgIASEgBIRAxyIgotGxXa8bFwJCQAgIASFQPQIiGtVjrDMIASEgBISAEOhYBEQ0OrbrdeNCQAgIASEgBKpHQESjeox1BiEgBISAEBACHYuAiEbHdr1uXAgIASEgBIRA9QiIaFSPsc4gBISAEBACQqBjERDR6Niu140LASEgBISAEKgeARGN6jHWGYSAEBACQkAIdCwCIhod2/W6cSEgBISAEBAC1SMgolE9xjqDEBACQkAICIGORUBEo2O7XjcuBISAEBACQqB6BEQ0qsdYZxACQkAICAEh0LEIiGh0bNfrxoWAEBACQkAIVI+AiEb1GOsMQkAICAEhIAQ6FgERjY7tet24EBACQkAICIHqERDRqB5jnUEICAEhIASEQMciIKLRsV2vGxcCQkAICAEhUD0CIhrVY6wzCAEhIASEgBDoWARENDq263XjQkAICAEhIASqR0BEo3qMdQYhIASEgBAQAh2LgIhGx3a9blwICAEhIASEQPUIiGhUj7HOIASEgBAQAkKgYxEQ0ejYrteNCwEhIASEgBCoHgERjeox1hmEgBAQAkJACHQsAiIaHdv1unEhIASEgBAQAtUjIKJRPcY6gxAQAkJACAiBjkVARKNju143LgSEgBAQAkKgegRENKrHWGcQAkJACAgBIdCxCIhodGzX68aFgBAQAkJACFSPgIhG9RjrDEJACAgBISAEOhYBEY2O7XrduBAQAkJACAiB6hH4H7u998tIMi+CAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC

就这样,掌门一共写了 10 份 Transaction,分别代表了发送给不同人的交易,张翠山一笔 10 万,殷梨亭一笔 1 万,等等。


打包 Transaction (挖矿)


现在我们有了 Transaction,但是还需要东西把 Transaction 装起来,我们用一个特殊的信封把 Transaction 装起来,这个信封就是区块链中的“区块”,这个封装过程就是“打包交易”。

为什么要封装起来呢?是为了让打包交易的人能够在信封上署名,表示这次打包是由某某某打包的,其次全村的交易可能非常多,需要装配标号,方便大家查询。

我们看到上述的 Transaction 虽然已经生成,但是有个问题,就是没有规定谁有权利把 Transaction 封装到信封里。

由于我们门派的人口增长,100 万未来可能不够,我们暂定 150 万,那多余的 50 万,我们就当奖励给这些装信封的人了,当然不能一次性给,谁装一次信封就领 3 个币。

这时候大家伙儿来劲了呀,只要装信封就能够领钱了,我们在这里把符合条件的人称作“矿工”。

要获得这个装信封的权利,是有条件的。我给大家出一个难题,谁先解出这个难题的答案,谁就有权利把 Transaction 装到一个信封中,并且要在此信封上盖上自己的章。

好了,这时候大家开始计算给出的难题,刚好张翠山第一个计算出来,那么这次装信封的操作就由张翠山完成,张翠山把 10 份 Transaction 装到信封中,也就是打包 Transaction,并且要在信封背面写上一个信封的摘要信息。

比如上一个信封中的第一个交易是什么、信封封面长什么样,最后要在信封上盖上章,也就是“签名”,矿工签名的目的是为了领币,也就是 Coinbase 交易。

以上过程在区块链领域称作“打包 Transaction”,也就是大名鼎鼎的“挖矿”。

广播交易


来说说上文提到的广播交易,广播是为了让所有人知道当前时刻你产生了一笔 Transaction,或者是你装好了一个信封。

广播的内容分两种,一种是广播 Transaction,一种是广播信封。第一种广播是意味着还有未被打包的 Transaction,而第二种广播信封则意味着这个 Transaction 已经被某个矿工确认。

收到了广播的通知后,大家先验证信封上难题的答案是否正确,这样便可以验证出信封是否被伪造,接着验里面的每笔交易,最后还要验证信封背面的内容,即上一个信封的摘要是否正确。因为上一个信封大家都已经确认,所以这样可以极大地规避作弊的可能。如果觉得没问题,就可以存入本地数据库中了。

双花问题


如果两个弟子同时上传,虽然这个概率很小,但是若发生,我们就看最后的区块链哪条更长,短的那条就失效。这就是区块链中的**“双花问题”**(同一笔钱花两次)。

对于要制作虚假交易,除非你说服了全网里超过51%的矿工都更改某一笔账目,否则你的篡改都是无效的。 网络中参与人数越多,实现造假可能性越低。这也是集体维护和监督的优越性,伪造成本最大化。说服51%的人造假还是灰常灰常难的。

总结


通过今天的武侠故事聊了比特币区块链,其中包括区块链中公开记账、创建创世区块、交易、打包 Transaction、广播交易的几个步骤。

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