【故障分析】基于matlab GUI蚁群算法故障诊断【含Matlab源码 931期】
一、蚁群算法简介
1 蚁群算法(ant colony algorithm,ACA)起源和发展历程
Marco Dorigo等人在研究新型算法的过程中,发现蚁群在寻找食物时,通过分泌一种称为信息素的生物激素交流觅食信息从而能快速的找到目标,于是在1991年在其博士论文中首次系统地提出一种基于蚂蚁种群的新型智能优化算法“蚂蚁系统(Ant system,简称AS)”,后来,提出者及许多研究者对该算法作了各种改进,将其应用于更为广泛的领域,如图着色问题、二次分配问题、工件排序问题、车辆路径问题、车间作业调度问题、网络路由问题、大规模集成电路设计等。近些年来,M.Dorigo等人把蚂蚁算法进一步发展成一种通用的优化技术“蚁群优化(Ant Colony Optimization,简称ACO)”,并将所有符合ACO框架的算法称为“蚁群优化算法(ACO algorithm)”。
具体来说,各个蚂蚁在没有事先告知食物在什么地方的前提下开始寻找食物。当一只找到食物以后,它会向环境释放一种挥发性分泌物pheromone (称为信息素,该物质随着时间的推移会逐渐挥发消失,信息素浓度的大小表征路径的远近)信息素能够让其他蚂蚁感知从而起到一个引导的作用。通常多个路径上均有信息素时,蚂蚁会优先选择信息素浓度高的路径,从而使浓度高的路径信息素浓度更高,形成一个正反馈。有些蚂蚁并没有像其它蚂蚁一样总重复同样的路,他们会另辟蹊径,如果另开辟的道路比原来的其他道路更短,那么,渐渐地,更多的蚂蚁被吸引到这条较短的路上来。最后,经过一段时间运行,可能会出现一条最短的路径被大多数蚂蚁重复着。最终,信息素浓度最高的路径即是最终被蚂蚁选中的最优路径。
与其他算法相比,蚁群算法是一种比较年轻的算法,具有分布式计算、无中心控制、个体之间异步间接通信等特点,并且易于与其他优化算法相结合,经过不少仁人志士的不断探索,到今天已经发展出了各式各样的改进蚁群算法,不过蚁群算法的原理仍是主干。
2 蚁群算法的求解原理
基于上述对蚁群觅食行为的描述,该算法主要对觅食行为进行以下几个方面模拟:
(1)模拟的图场景中包含了两种信息素,一种表示家,一种表示食物的地点,并且这两种信息素都在以一定的速率进行挥发。
(2)每个蚂蚁只能感知它周围的小部分地方的信息。蚂蚁在寻找食物的时候,如果在感知范围内,就可以直接过去,如果不在感知范围内,就要朝着信息素多的地方走,蚂蚁可以有一个小概率不往信息素多的地方走,而另辟蹊径,这个小概率事件很重要,代表了一种找路的创新,对于找到更优的解很重要。
(3)蚂蚁回窝的规则与找食物的规则相同。
(4)蚂蚁在移动时候首先会根据信息素的指引,如果没有信息素的指引,会按照自己的移动方向惯性走下去,但也有一定的机率改变方向,蚂蚁还可以记住已经走过的路,避免重复走一个地方。
(5)蚂蚁在找到食物时留下的信息素最多,然后距离食物越远的地方留下的信息素越少。找到窝的信息素留下的量的规则跟食物相同。蚁群算法有以下几个特点:正反馈算法、并发性算法、较强的鲁棒性、概率型全局搜索、不依赖严格的数学性质、搜索时间长,易出现停止现象。
蚂蚁转移概率公式:
公式中:是蚂蚁k从城市i转移到j的概率;α,β分别为信息素和启发式因子的相对重要程度;为边(i,j)上的信息素量;为启发式因子;为蚂蚁k下步允许选择的城市。上述公式即为蚂蚁系统中的信息素更新公式,是边(i,j)上的信息素量;ρ是信息素蒸发系数,0<ρ<1;为第k只蚂蚁在本次迭代中留在边(i,j)上的信息素量;Q为一正常系数;为第k只蚂蚁在本次周游中的路径长度。
在蚂蚁系统中,信息素更新公式为:
3 蚁群算法的求解步骤:
(1)初始化参数在计算之初,需要对相关参数进行初始化,如蚁群规模(蚂蚁数量)m、信息素重要程度因子α、启发函数重要程度因子β、信息素会发银子ρ、信息素释放总量Q、最大迭代次数iter_max、迭代次数初值iter=1。
(2)构建解空间将各个蚂蚁随机地置于不同的出发点,对每个蚂蚁k(k=1,2,3…m),按照(2-1)计算其下一个待访问城市,直到所有蚂蚁访问完所有城市。
(3)更新信息苏计算每个蚂蚁经过路径长度Lk(k=1,2,…,m),记录当前迭代次数中的最优解(最短路径)。同时,根据式(2-2)和(2-3)对各个城市连接路径上信息素浓度进行更新。
(4) 判断是否终止若iter<iter_max,则令iter=iter+1,清空蚂蚁经过路径的记录表,并返回步骤2;否则,终止计算,输出最优解。
(5)判断是否终止若iter<iter_max,则令iter=iter+1,清空蚂蚁经过路径的记录表,并返回步骤2;否则,终止计算,输出最优解。3. 判断是否终止若iter<iter_max,则令iter=iter+1,清空蚂蚁经过路径的记录表,并返回步骤2;否则,终止计算,输出最优解。
二、源代码
function varargout = untitled(varargin)
% UNTITLED M-file for untitled.fig
% UNTITLED, by itself, creates a new UNTITLED or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = UNTITLED returns the handle to a new UNTITLED or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% UNTITLED('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
% function named CALLBACK in UNTITLED.M with the given input arguments.
%
% UNTITLED('Property','Value',...) creates a new UNTITLED or raises the
% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are
% applied to the GUI before untitled_OpeningFcn gets called. An
% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
% stop. All inputs are passed to untitled_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help untitled
% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 23-May-2021 10:03:35
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @untitled_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @untitled_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before untitled is made visible.
function untitled_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to untitled (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for untitled
handles.output = hObject;
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% UIWAIT makes untitled wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = untitled_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit1 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit1 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
x = [
0.054162803 3.278279079 1.269967423 5.161372814 6.554775334 7.802945518 89.91596827 169.1776572 143.304565
0.074421113 3.316697348 1.270329881 5.970864604 7.584967721 9.022343602 89.85758218 169.1213613 143.2747353
0.053348632 3.304197238 1.267854133 5.735004473 7.271149126 8.6360041 89.99066115 169.2467539 143.3392641
% 0.051720081 3.339632945 1.271724127 6.229903633 7.922718759 9.441330731 89.55978521 168.8424101 143.1321219
% 0.051864712 3.32076324 1.270382991 5.085988065 6.461152729 7.684102897 89.82998427 169.0964666 143.2626572
1.592002536 122.290451 1.734621006 28.65370822 49.70332419 64.63137481 151.3340327 219.4791589 158.962611
1.19861478 105.0456268 1.699966023 25.99113342 44.1840437 56.97791422 151.9810149 219.9476874 158.9929442
0.313453805 103.56017 1.74601649 25.72328554 44.91328074 58.52352399 152.2544307 220.1452556 159.0047857
% 1.74620714 104.5750915 1.722814423 26.09465184 44.95624257 58.40710523 155.5112779 222.4873381 159.1127213
% 0.800414929 115.6703271 1.75275249 25.50893937 44.71085699 58.1797557 154.2472348 221.5812885 159.0787792
-1.139654266 327.4563137 3.296710797 32.35697041 106.6715737 168.3318025 170.8728098 233.2175981 158.7228117
-3.177948091 401.7915242 3.349843446 34.95480454 117.0931229 184.2414168 177.5168284 237.7084602 158.0920229
0.10537445 358.1021167 3.403456107 33.08520829 112.6040542 179.1685128 177.1584012 237.4684609 158.1333957
% 1.345927915 346.0074742 3.277585069 34.71886501 113.7940336 178.5752461 177.8978973 237.9635592 158.0474411
% 0.98680132 352.4758738 3.226268588 35.43208236 114.3134143 178.6895352 174.8682892 235.9285934 158.3773425
-11.91636275 763.3694263 2.163303163 66.74137606 144.3818299 197.3606479 178.1653349 238.1423511 158.0154829
-10.83476732 642.6532934 2.224536056 59.143315 131.5664367 180.4907521 178.1435308 238.1277955 158.0181301
-11.03075139 711.5078011 2.133406233 64.65685363 137.9393345 187.861062 175.3695323 236.2664234 158.326719
% -10.62874379 592.6236111 2.245205144 59.07819077 132.6426578 181.8505502 180.9528024 239.997917 157.6549507
% -15.28771972 792.6990829 2.333439781 55.9847639 130.6370752 180.1123338 182.4871818 241.0134313 157.4353917
% 0.051720081 3.339632945 1.271724127 6.229903633 7.922718759 9.441330731 89.55978521 168.8424101 143.1321219
];
a = get(handles.edit2,'String');
[c,flag]=str2num(a);
X=zeros(13,9);
X(1:12,:)=x(1:12,:);
X(13,:)=c(1,:);
R=get(handles.edit4,'String');
R=str2num(R);
t_max=get(handles.edit5,'String');
t_max=str2num(t_max);
b=myant(X,R,t_max);
unction edit2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit2 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit2 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.
function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
a = get(handles.edit3,'String');
a=str2num(a);
switch a
case 1
b=canshu('1.txt');
case 2
b=canshu('2.txt');
case 3
b=canshu('3.txt');
case 4
b=canshu('4.txt');
end
b=b';
c=num2str(b);
% ct=get(handles.edit2,'string');
% empty(ct);
set(handles.edit2,'String',c);
guidata(hObject, handles);
function edit3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit3 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit3 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit3_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
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三、运行结果
四、matlab版本及参考文献
1 matlab版本
2014a
2 参考文献
[1] 沈再阳.精通MATLAB信号处理[M].清华大学出版社,2015.
[2]高宝建,彭进业,王琳,潘建寿.信号与系统——使用MATLAB分析与实现[M].清华大学出版社,2020.
[3]王文光,魏少明,任欣.信号处理与系统分析的MATLAB实现[M].电子工业出版社,2018.
文章来源: qq912100926.blog.csdn.net,作者:海神之光,版权归原作者所有,如需转载,请联系作者。
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