python爬取xici的免费代理、并验证(重点、清楚)
网上爬取xici的帖子很多,但是验证都说的不是很清楚,这里我会认真给大家解释
这里我写了一个代理类proxy,写了四个方法(个人写法不必在意),get_user_agent(得到随机use-agent,请求头中最重要的一个)、get_proxy(爬取代理IP)、test_proxy(验证代理可用性)、store_txt(将可用的代理保存到txt文件中。
1.爬取:headers是请求头,choice是可以选择是爬取Http代理还是https代理,first、end为开始和结束的页码(结束不包含最后一页)
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def get_proxy(self, headers, choice='http', first=1, end=2):
-
"""
-
获取代理
-
:param choice:
-
:param first: 开始爬取的页数
-
:param end: 结束爬取的后一页
-
:return:
-
"""
-
-
ip_list = []
-
base_url = None
-
-
# 选择爬取的网站,一个是http、一个是https的
-
if choice == 'http':
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base_url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/wt/'
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elif choice == 'https':
-
base_url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/wn/'
-
-
# 控制页码用正则匹配,并将爬取的IP和端口号用:链接
-
for n in range(first, end):
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actual_url = base_url + str(n)
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html = requests.get(url=actual_url, headers=headers).text
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pattern = '(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)</td>\s*<td>(\d+)'
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re_list = re.findall(pattern, html)
-
-
for ip_port in re_list:
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ip_port = ip_port[0] + ':' + ip_port[1]
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ip_list.append(ip_port)
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return ip_list
2. 验证:网上大部分是用request直接请求一个网址看是否通过或者看状态码是否是200, 但是有一个问题是即使你设置了代理IP。可能会通过,但通过的不是用你设置的代理IP而是用你自己公网下的IP(大部分时候我们用ifconfig查询的是我们所在局域网下的IP,及私网IP)。
linux下你可以用这些命令的其中任何一个查看你的公网IP:
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curl icanhazip.com
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curl ifconfig.me
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curl curlmyip.com
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curl ip.appspot.com
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curl ipinfo.io/ip
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curl ipecho.net/plain
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curl www.trackip.net/i
注意:那这样要怎么办,其实我们可以向上述命令一样先用你爬下的代理IP访问 http://icanhazip.com/, 它可以返回你电脑发送请求时的公网IP(此时如果你设置代理IP了就会是返回你所发送请求的代理IP),然后你将它爬取下来(直接获取返回的值的文本就可以了),并和你发送请求时的代理IP作比较,如果不相等说明此代理IP不能用,因为虽然你设置了代理Ip,但是电脑在你代理IP请求不同的情况下,直接又使用了你公网的IP去请求,当然成功了,但不代表你的代理IP可以用。如果相等,那就证明此网站就是你所用的代理IP访问请求成功的,所以此IP可用。
-
def test_proxy(self, ip_port, choice='http'):
-
"""
-
测试代理是否能用
-
:param ip_port:
-
:param choice:
-
:return:
-
"""
-
proxies = None
-
-
# 这个网站可以返回你公网下的IP,如果你加代理请求后,返回的就是你代理的IP(这样做是防止你虽然用的是代理IP,但实际是用你自己的公网IP访问的请求)
-
tar_url = "http://icanhazip.com/"
-
-
# 获取随机User-agent
-
user_agent = self.get_user_agent()
-
-
# 将user-agent放在headers中
-
headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}
-
-
# 选择验证的是http、还是https
-
if choice == 'http':
-
proxies = {
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"http": "http://"+ip_port,
-
}
-
-
elif choice == 'https':
-
proxies = {
-
"https": "https://" + ip_port,
-
}
-
-
try:
-
# 将IP从IP和端口号连起来的分出来
-
thisIP = "".join(ip_port.split(":")[0:1])
-
res = requests.get(tar_url, proxies=proxies, headers=headers, timeout=8)
-
-
# 爬取下来返回的值,一定要用strip去除空格
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proxyIP = res.text.strip()
-
-
# 三个状态,如过直接通不过,那就返回false,如果通过但是不是代理的IP,也返回false
-
if proxyIP == thisIP:
-
return proxyIP
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else:
-
return False
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except:
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return False
最后附上整段代码:
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import requests
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import re
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import random
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import codecs
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from urllib import parse
-
-
-
class proxy:
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"""
-
代理类
-
"""
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def __init__(self):
-
pass
-
-
def get_user_agent(self):
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"""
-
得到随机user-agent
-
:return:
-
"""
-
user_agents = [
-
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
-
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",
-
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
-
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",
-
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",
-
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
-
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",
-
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",
-
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",
-
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",
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"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",
-
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",
-
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",
-
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
-
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",
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"Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",
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"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11",
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"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER",
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"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
-
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
-
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 LBBROWSER",
-
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
-
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)",
-
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
-
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; 360SE)",
-
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
-
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
-
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
-
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
-
"Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_2_1 like Mac OS X; zh-cn) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8C148 Safari/6533.18.5",
-
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:2.0b13pre) Gecko/20110307 Firefox/4.0b13pre",
-
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0",
-
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11",
-
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10"
-
]
-
user_agent = random.choice(user_agents)
-
return user_agent
-
-
-
def get_proxy(self, headers, choice='http', first=1, end=2):
-
"""
-
获取代理
-
:param choice:
-
:param first: 开始爬取的页数
-
:param end: 结束爬取的后一页
-
:return:
-
"""
-
-
ip_list = []
-
base_url = None
-
if choice == 'http':
-
base_url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/wt/'
-
elif choice == 'https':
-
base_url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/wn/'
-
-
for n in range(first, end):
-
actual_url = base_url + str(n)
-
html = requests.get(url=actual_url, headers=headers).text
-
pattern = '(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)</td>\s*<td>(\d+)'
-
re_list = re.findall(pattern, html)
-
-
for ip_port in re_list:
-
ip_port = ip_port[0] + ':' + ip_port[1]
-
ip_list.append(ip_port)
-
return ip_list
-
-
-
def test_proxy(self, ip_port, choice='http'):
-
"""
-
测试代理是否能用
-
:param ip_port:
-
:param choice:
-
:return:
-
"""
-
proxies = None
-
# 这个网站可以返回你公网下的IP,如果你加代理请求后,返回的就是你代理的IP(这样做是防止你虽然用的是代理IP,但实际是用你自己的公网IP访问的请求)
-
tar_url = "http://icanhazip.com/"
-
user_agent = self.get_user_agent()
-
headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}
-
if choice == 'http':
-
proxies = {
-
"http": "http://"+ip_port,
-
}
-
-
elif choice == 'https':
-
proxies = {
-
"https": "https://" + ip_port,
-
}
-
try:
-
thisIP = "".join(ip_port.split(":")[0:1])
-
res = requests.get(tar_url, proxies=proxies, headers=headers, timeout=8)
-
proxyIP = res.text.strip()
-
if proxyIP == thisIP:
-
return proxyIP
-
else:
-
return False
-
except:
-
return False
-
-
def store_txt(self, choice='http', first=1, end=2):
-
"""
-
将测试通过的ip_port保存为txt文件
-
:param choice:
-
:param first:
-
:param end:
-
:return:
-
"""
-
user_agent = self.get_user_agent()
-
headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}
-
ip_list = self.get_proxy(headers=headers, choice=choice, first=first, end=end)
-
with codecs.open("Http_Agent.txt", 'a', 'utf-8') as file:
-
for ip_port in ip_list:
-
ip_port = self.test_proxy(ip_port, choice=choice)
-
print(ip_port)
-
if ip_port:
-
file.write('\'' + ip_port + "\'\n")
文章来源: blog.csdn.net,作者:橙子园,版权归原作者所有,如需转载,请联系作者。
原文链接:blog.csdn.net/Chenftli/article/details/86701563
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