前后端分离框架Vue+Element UI(下集)
个人简介
作者是一个来自河源的大三在校生,以下笔记都是作者自学之路的一些浅薄经验,如有错误请指正,将来会不断的完善笔记,帮助更多的Java爱好者入门。
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Vue2框架-2.9.6
webpack打包工具
webpack是一款模块加载器兼打包工具, 它能把各种资源, 如JS、JSX、ES 6、SASS、LESS、图片等都作为模块来处理和使用。
安装webpack
npm install webpack -g
npm install webpack-cli -g
 
 webpack -v
webpack-cli -v
 
 使用webpack
创建名称为webpack.config.js的配置文件。例如:

编写webpack打包的简单配置
const path = require('path');
module.exports = {
  entry: './src/main.js', //打包入口
  output: {
    path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'), //输出路径
    filename: 'bundle.js' //相当于./dist/bundle.js
  }
}
 
 webpack配置项:
- entry:入口文件,指定WebPack用哪个文件作为项目的入口
 - output:输出,指定WebPack把处理完成的文件放置到指定路径
 - module:模块,用于处理各种类型的文件
 - plugins:插件,如:热更新、代码重用等
 - resolve:设置路径指向
 - watch:监听,用于设置文件改动后直接打包
 
执行命令即可打包:
webpack
 
 动态打包,监听
webpack --watch
 
 展示Vue内容
vue文件其实就是组件,组件名为export default中的name,所以想要展示vue组件的内容,有如下两种方法:
方式一:
 
方式二:
 
不然vue的内容将不会展示,除非用vue-router
main.js
//程序主入口
import Vue from "vue"; //导入vue
import Home from "./components/Home";//导入Home组件
//使用vue
new Vue({
  //******这里main.js的el名称必须是#app
  el:'#app',
  //注册组件,必须要
  components:{
    Home
  },
  template: '<Home></Home>'
});
 
 Home.vue
<template>
    <div id="app">
<!--      接收传值 -->
      <h3>{{tx}}</h3>
    </div>
</template>
<script>
    export default {
        name: "Home", //vue组件名。import Home from xxx
        data(){ //相当于new Vue里面的data属性,给当前vue组件传值
          return{
            tx:'hello vue'
          }
        }
    }
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
 
 vue的注意点
- 程序主入口main.js的el名称必须是#app,否则会报错
 
Vue组件嵌套Vue组件
实战
main.js
//程序主入口
import Vue from "vue"; //导入vue
import Home from "./components/Home";//导入Home组件
//使用vue
new Vue({
  //******这里main.js的el名称必须是#app
  el:'#app',
  //注册组件,必须要
  components:{
    Home
  },
  template: '<Home></Home>'
});
 
 Home.vue
<template>
    <div id="app">
<!--      接收传值 -->
      <h3>{{tx}}</h3>
      <MyContent></MyContent>
      <MyFoot></MyFoot>
    </div>
</template>
<script>
  //需要什么组件就导入什么组件,并且注册
  //方式一:
  // import MyContent from "@/components/MyContent";
  //方式二:
  import MyContent from "./MyContent";
  import MyFoot from "./MyFoot";
    export default {
        name: "Home", //vue组件名。import Home from xxx
        data(){ //相当于new Vue里面的data属性,给当前vue组件传值
          return{
            tx:'hello vue'
          }
        },
      //注册组件
      components: {
          MyContent,MyFoot
      }
    }
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
 
 MyContent.vue
<template>
    <div id="ct">
      <h3>我是内容</h3>
    </div>
</template>
<script>
    export default {
        name: "MyContent"
    }
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
 
 MyFoot.vue
<template>
  <h3>this is foot</h3>
</template>
<script>
    export default {
        name: "MyFoot"
    }
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
 
 vue-router
vue-Router是Vue.js官方的路由管理器。它和Vue.js的核心深度集成, 让构建单页面应用变得易如反掌。包含的功能有:
- 嵌套的路由/视图表
 - 模块化的、基于组件的路由配置
 - 路由参数、查询、通配符
 - 基于Vue js过渡系统的视图过渡效果
 - 细粒度的导航控制
 - 带有自动激活的CSS class的链接
 - HTML5 历史模式或hash模式, 在IE 9中自动降级
 - 自定义的滚动行为
 
使用vue-router3.0
安装
npm install vue-router --save-dev
 
 vue-router报错
因为默认下载的vue-router是vue-router4,我们要修改到vue-router3才能使用。比如3.5.3版本就可以

路由实战
项目结构:

main.js:
import Vue from "vue";
import App from "./App";
import router from "./router";
new Vue({
  el:'#app',
  router,
  render: h => h(App)
})
 
 App.vue:
<template>
  <div id="app">
<!--    路由链接-->
    <router-link to="/main">首页</router-link>
    <router-link to="/content">内容</router-link>
    <router-link to="/other">其他</router-link>
<!--    路由展示组件-->
    <router-view></router-view>
    <h3>-------------------</h3>
<!--    命名路由视图-->
    <router-view name="otherview"></router-view>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
    export default {
        name: "App"
    }
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
 
 路由核心配置文件,index.js:
import Vue from 'vue'
//导入路由插件
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
//导入上面定义的组件
import Content from '../components/Content'
import Main from '../components/Main'
import Other from "../components/Other";
//安装路由
Vue.use(VueRouter);
//配置路由
export default new VueRouter({
  routes: [
    {
      //路由路径
      path: '/content',
      //路由名称
      name: 'content',
      //跳转到组件
      component: Content
    }, {
      //路由路径
      path: '/main',
      //路由名称
      name: 'main',
      //跳转到组件
      component: Main
    }, {
      path: '/other',
      components: {
        // default: Content, //默认如果当访问这个路径没有指定视图的name则会到这个组件
        otherview: Other //命名视图格式==>视图的name:响应组件名
      }
    }
  ]
});
 
 Content.vue:
<template>
    <h3>content</h3>
</template>
<script>
    export default {
        name: "Content"
    }
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
 
 Main.vue:
<template>
    <h3>main</h3>
</template>
<script>
    export default {
        name: "Main"
    }
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
 
 Other.vue:
<template>
    <h3>其他</h3>
</template>
<script>
    export default {
        name: "Other"
    }
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
 
 vue+element-ui
安装element-ui
#安装element-ui
npm i element-ui -S
#安装依赖
npm install
# npm安装SASS加载器
npm install sass-loader node-sass --save-dev
# 如果不行就用cnpm安装SASS加载器
cnpm install sass-loader node-sass --save-dev
 
 package.json:
{
  "name": "myvue2",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "A Vue.js project",
  "author": "ms666 <1550324080@qq.com>",
  "private": true,
  "scripts": {
    "dev": "webpack-dev-server --inline --progress --config build/webpack.dev.conf.js",
    "start": "npm run dev",
    "build": "node build/build.js"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "element-ui": "^2.15.6",
    "vue": "^2.5.2"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "autoprefixer": "^7.1.2",
    "babel-core": "^6.22.1",
    "babel-helper-vue-jsx-merge-props": "^2.0.3",
    "babel-loader": "^7.1.1",
    "babel-plugin-syntax-jsx": "^6.18.0",
    "babel-plugin-transform-runtime": "^6.22.0",
    "babel-plugin-transform-vue-jsx": "^3.5.0",
    "babel-preset-env": "^1.3.2",
    "babel-preset-stage-2": "^6.22.0",
    "chalk": "^2.0.1",
    "copy-webpack-plugin": "^4.0.1",
    "css-loader": "^0.28.0",
    "extract-text-webpack-plugin": "^3.0.0",
    "file-loader": "^1.1.4",
    "friendly-errors-webpack-plugin": "^1.6.1",
    "html-webpack-plugin": "^2.30.1",
    "node-notifier": "^5.1.2",
    "node-sass": "^7.0.1",
    "optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin": "^3.2.0",
    "ora": "^1.2.0",
    "portfinder": "^1.0.13",
    "postcss-import": "^11.0.0",
    "postcss-loader": "^2.0.8",
    "postcss-url": "^7.2.1",
    "rimraf": "^2.6.0",
    "sass-loader": "^12.6.0",
    "semver": "^5.3.0",
    "shelljs": "^0.8.5",
    "uglifyjs-webpack-plugin": "^1.1.1",
    "url-loader": "^0.5.8",
    "vue-loader": "^13.3.0",
    "vue-router": "^3.5.3",
    "vue-style-loader": "^3.0.1",
    "vue-template-compiler": "^2.5.2",
    "webpack": "^3.6.0",
    "webpack-bundle-analyzer": "^2.9.0",
    "webpack-dev-server": "^2.9.1",
    "webpack-merge": "^4.1.0"
  },
  "engines": {
    "node": ">= 6.0.0",
    "npm": ">= 3.0.0"
  },
  "browserslist": [
    "> 1%",
    "last 2 versions",
    "not ie <= 8"
  ]
}
 
 使用element-ui
引入element-ui
在项目的入口文件main.js引入以下即可。
import Vue from 'vue'
import ElementUI from 'element-ui'
import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css'
Vue.use(ElementUI)
 
 实战
main.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import ElementUI from 'element-ui'
import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css'
import App from "./App";
//路由配置
import router from "./router";
Vue.use(router)
//使用elementui插件
Vue.use(ElementUI)
new Vue({
  el:'#app',
  router,
  render: h => h(App)
})
 
 App.vue
<template>
  <div id="app">
    <router-link to="/activity">新增活动</router-link>
    <router-link to="/info">数据信息</router-link>
<!--    /activity专用路由视图-->
    <router-view name="act"></router-view>
    <!--    /info专用路由视图-->
    <router-view name="in"></router-view>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
  export default {
    name: "App"
  }
</script>
<style>
  #app {
    font-family: 'Avenir', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
    text-align: center;
    color: #2c3e50;
    margin-top: 60px;
  }
</style>
 
 路由index.js
import Vue from 'vue'
//导入路由插件
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
//导入上面定义的组件
import Activity from "../views/Activity";
import Info from "../views/Info";
//安装路由
Vue.use(VueRouter);
//配置路由
export default new VueRouter({
  routes: [
    {
      //路由路径
      path: '/activity',
      //路由名称
      name: 'activity',
      //跳转到组件
      components: {
        act:Activity
      }
    },
    {
      //路由路径
      path: '/info',
      //路由名称
      name: 'info',
      //跳转到组件
      components: {
        in:Info
      }
    }
  ]
});
 
 Activity.vue
<template>
  <el-form :model="ruleForm" :rules="rules" ref="ruleForm" label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm">
    <el-form-item label="活动名称" prop="name">
      <el-input v-model="ruleForm.name"></el-input>
    </el-form-item>
    <el-form-item label="活动区域" prop="region">
      <el-select v-model="ruleForm.region" placeholder="请选择活动区域">
        <el-option label="区域一" value="shanghai"></el-option>
        <el-option label="区域二" value="beijing"></el-option>
      </el-select>
    </el-form-item>
    <el-form-item label="活动时间" required>
      <el-col :span="11">
        <el-form-item prop="date1">
          <el-date-picker type="date" placeholder="选择日期" v-model="ruleForm.date1" style="width: 100%;"></el-date-picker>
        </el-form-item>
      </el-col>
      <el-col class="line" :span="2">-</el-col>
      <el-col :span="11">
        <el-form-item prop="date2">
          <el-time-picker placeholder="选择时间" v-model="ruleForm.date2" style="width: 100%;"></el-time-picker>
        </el-form-item>
      </el-col>
    </el-form-item>
    <el-form-item label="即时配送" prop="delivery">
      <el-switch v-model="ruleForm.delivery"></el-switch>
    </el-form-item>
    <el-form-item label="活动性质" prop="type">
      <el-checkbox-group v-model="ruleForm.type">
        <el-checkbox label="美食/餐厅线上活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
        <el-checkbox label="地推活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
        <el-checkbox label="线下主题活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
        <el-checkbox label="单纯品牌曝光" name="type"></el-checkbox>
      </el-checkbox-group>
    </el-form-item>
    <el-form-item label="特殊资源" prop="resource">
      <el-radio-group v-model="ruleForm.resource">
        <el-radio label="线上品牌商赞助"></el-radio>
        <el-radio label="线下场地免费"></el-radio>
      </el-radio-group>
    </el-form-item>
    <el-form-item label="活动形式" prop="desc">
      <el-input type="textarea" v-model="ruleForm.desc"></el-input>
    </el-form-item>
    <el-form-item>
      <el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('ruleForm')">立即创建</el-button>
      <el-button @click="resetForm('ruleForm')">重置</el-button>
    </el-form-item>
  </el-form>
</template>
<script>
  export default {
    name:'Activity',
    data() {
      return {
        ruleForm: {
          name: '',
          region: '',
          date1: '',
          date2: '',
          delivery: false,
          type: [],
          resource: '',
          desc: ''
        },
        rules: {
          name: [
            { required: true, message: '请输入活动名称', trigger: 'blur' },
            { min: 3, max: 5, message: '长度在 3 到 5 个字符', trigger: 'blur' }
          ],
          region: [
            { required: true, message: '请选择活动区域', trigger: 'change' }
          ],
          date1: [
            { type: 'date', required: true, message: '请选择日期', trigger: 'change' }
          ],
          date2: [
            { type: 'date', required: true, message: '请选择时间', trigger: 'change' }
          ],
          type: [
            { type: 'array', required: true, message: '请至少选择一个活动性质', trigger: 'change' }
          ],
          resource: [
            { required: true, message: '请选择活动资源', trigger: 'change' }
          ],
          desc: [
            { required: true, message: '请填写活动形式', trigger: 'blur' }
          ]
        }
      };
    },
    methods: {
      submitForm(formName) {
        this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
          if (valid) {
            alert('submit!');
          } else {
            console.log('error submit!!');
            return false;
          }
        });
      },
      resetForm(formName) {
        this.$refs[formName].resetFields();
      }
    }
  }
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
 
 Info.vue
<style>
  .el-table .warning-row {
    background: oldlace;
  }
  .el-table .success-row {
    background: #f0f9eb;
  }
</style>
<template>
  <el-table
    :data="tableData"
    style="width: 100%"
    :row-class-name="tableRowClassName">
    <el-table-column
      prop="date"
      label="日期"
      width="180">
    </el-table-column>
    <el-table-column
      prop="name"
      label="姓名"
      width="180">
    </el-table-column>
    <el-table-column
      prop="address"
      label="地址">
    </el-table-column>
  </el-table>
</template>
<script>
  export default {
    name: 'Info',
    methods: {
      tableRowClassName({row, rowIndex}) {
        if (rowIndex === 1) {
          return 'warning-row';
        } else if (rowIndex === 3) {
          return 'success-row';
        }
        return '';
      }
    },
    data() {
      return {
        tableData: [{
          date: '2016-05-02',
          name: '王小虎',
          address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄',
        }, {
          date: '2016-05-04',
          name: '王小虎',
          address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄'
        }, {
          date: '2016-05-01',
          name: '王小虎',
          address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄',
        }, {
          date: '2016-05-03',
          name: '王小虎',
          address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄'
        }]
      }
    }
  }
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
 
 路由嵌套
嵌套路由注意的问题
嵌套路由必须只有一个root,否则会报错
  - Component template should contain exactly one root element. If you are using v-if on multiple elements, use v-else-if to chain them instead.
 @ ./src/views/Info.vue 12:0-360
 @ ./src/router/index.js
 @ ./src/main.js
 @ multi (webpack)-dev-server/client?http://localhost:8080 webpack/hot/dev-server ./src/main.js
 
 问题产生原因
<template>
<!--  嵌套路由必须只有一个root,下面这个div就是root-->
  
    <router-link to="/chird/chirdContent">展示嵌套路由内容</router-link>
    <el-table
      :data="tableData"
      style="width: 100%"
      :row-class-name="tableRowClassName">
      <el-table-column
        prop="date"
        label="日期"
        width="180">
      </el-table-column>
      <el-table-column
        prop="name"
        label="姓名"
        width="180">
      </el-table-column>
      <el-table-column
        prop="address"
        label="地址">
      </el-table-column>
    </el-table>
<!--  嵌套路由视图-->
  <router-view name="cc"></router-view>
</template>
 
 解决办法
解决办法就是用一个div包括他们全部
<template>
<!--  嵌套路由必须只有一个root,下面这个div就是root-->
  <div>
    <router-link to="/chird/chirdContent">展示嵌套路由内容</router-link>
    <el-table
      :data="tableData"
      style="width: 100%"
      :row-class-name="tableRowClassName">
      <el-table-column
        prop="date"
        label="日期"
        width="180">
      </el-table-column>
      <el-table-column
        prop="name"
        label="姓名"
        width="180">
      </el-table-column>
      <el-table-column
        prop="address"
        label="地址">
      </el-table-column>
    </el-table>
  <!--  嵌套路由视图-->
  <router-view name="cc"></router-view>
  </div>
</template>
 
 实战
路由配置index.js
import Vue from 'vue'
//导入路由插件
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
//导入上面定义的组件
import Activity from "../views/Activity";
import Info from "../views/Info";
//路由嵌套组件
import ChirdContent from "../views/chirdrenViews/ChirdContent";
//安装路由
Vue.use(VueRouter);
//配置路由
export default new VueRouter({
  routes: [
    {
      //路由路径
      path: '/activity',
      //路由名称
      name: 'activity',
      //跳转到组件
      components: {
        act:Activity
      }
    },
    {
      //路由路径
      path: '/info',
      //路由名称
      name: 'info',
      //跳转到组件
      components: {
        in:Info
      },
      //配置路由嵌套
      children: [
        {
          path: '/chird/chirdContent',
          components: {
            cc:ChirdContent //ChirdContent组件嵌套在info这个vue组件中
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
});
 
 被嵌套组件:
<style>
  .el-table .warning-row {
    background: oldlace;
  }
  .el-table .success-row {
    background: #f0f9eb;
  }
</style>
<template>
<!--  嵌套路由必须只有一个root,下面这个div就是root-->
  <div>
    <router-link to="/chird/chirdContent">展示嵌套路由内容</router-link>
    <el-table
      :data="tableData"
      style="width: 100%"
      :row-class-name="tableRowClassName">
      <el-table-column
        prop="date"
        label="日期"
        width="180">
      </el-table-column>
      <el-table-column
        prop="name"
        label="姓名"
        width="180">
      </el-table-column>
      <el-table-column
        prop="address"
        label="地址">
      </el-table-column>
    </el-table>
  <!--  嵌套路由视图-->
  <router-view name="cc"></router-view>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
  export default {
    name: 'Info',
    methods: {
      tableRowClassName({row, rowIndex}) {
        if (rowIndex === 1) {
          return 'warning-row';
        } else if (rowIndex === 3) {
          return 'success-row';
        }
        return '';
      }
    },
    data() {
      return {
        tableData: [{
          date: '2016-05-02',
          name: '王小虎',
          address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄',
        }, {
          date: '2016-05-04',
          name: '王小虎',
          address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄'
        }, {
          date: '2016-05-01',
          name: '王小虎',
          address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄',
        }, {
          date: '2016-05-03',
          name: '王小虎',
          address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄'
        }]
      }
    }
  }
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
 
 嵌套组件
<template>
    <h3>路由嵌套内容</h3>
</template>
<script>
    export default {
        name: "ChirdContent"
    }
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
 
 其他基本和上面的实战一致。
参数传递
路由index.js
{
      //路由路径
      path: '/home/:id/:username', //绑定参数id
      //路由名称
      name: 'myhome',
      //跳转到组件
      components: {
        hm:Home
      }
    }
 
 App.vue
<!--    name是路由名称-->
<router-link :to="{name:'myhome',params:{id:20,username:'admin'}}">绑定参数方式1</router-link>
<router-view name="hm"></router-view>
 
 Home.vue
<template>
  <div>
    <!--  获取绑定参数-->
    <h3>{{$route.params.id}}</h3>
    <h3>{{$route.params.username}}</h3>
    <h3>{{$route.path}}</h3>
    <h3>{{$route.params}}</h3>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
    export default {
        name: "Home"
    }
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
 
 重定向
重定向到一个地址
路由index.js
//重定向
    {
      //路由路径
      path: '/activity',
      //路由名称
      name: 'activity',
      //跳转到组件
      components: {
        act:Activity
      }
    },
//重定向
    {
      path: '/toActivity',
      redirect: '/activity'
    }
 
 App.vue
 <router-link to="/toActivity">重定向</router-link>
 
 路由模式
路由模式有两种:
- hash:路径带 # 符号,如 http://localhost/#/login
 - history:路径不带 # 符号,如 http://localhost/login
 
//配置路由
export default new VueRouter({
  mode:'history',
  // mode:'hash', //默认模式
  routes: [
    {
      //路由路径
      path: '/activity',
      //路由名称
      name: 'activity',
      //跳转到组件
      components: {
        act:Activity
      }
    }
  ]
});
 
 404
NotFound.vue
<template>
    <h3>404未找到页面</h3>
</template>
<script>
    export default {
        name: "NotFound"
    }
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
 
 路由index.js
import NotFound from "../views/NotFound";
//配置404页面
    {
      path:'*',
      component: NotFound
    }
 
 <router-view></router-view>
 
 路由钩子
- beforeRouteEnter: 在进入路由前执行
 - beforeRouteLeave: 在离开路由前执行
 
Home.vue:
<script>
    export default {
        name: "Home",
        beforeRouteEnter:((to, from, next) => {
          console.log('进入路由之前');
          next();
        }),
        beforeRouteLeave:((to, from, next) => {
          console.log('离开路由之前')
          next();
        })
    }
</script>
 
 参数说明:
- to:路由将要跳转的路径信息
 - from:路径跳转前的路径信息
 - next:路由的控制参数
 - next() 跳入下一个页面
 - next(’/path’) 改变路由的跳转方向,使其跳到另一个路由
 - next(false) 返回原来的页面
 - next((vm)=>{}) 仅在 beforeRouteEnter 中可用,vm 是组件实例
 
axios异步请求
1:安装axios
npm install --save axios vue-axios
 
 2:main.js引入axios
import axios from 'axios'
import VueAxios from 'vue-axios'
Vue.use(VueAxios, axios)
 
 3:准备测试数据
只有我们的 static 目录下的文件是可以被访问到的,所以我们就把静态文件放入该目录下。
 数据和之前用的json数据一样 需要的去上述axios例子里

4:使用
Home.vue
<script>
    export default {
        name: "Home",
        beforeRouteEnter:((to, from, next) => {
          console.log('进入路由之前');
          next(vm => {
            //进入路由之前执行getData方法
            vm.getData()
          });
        }),
        beforeRouteLeave:((to, from, next) => {
          console.log('离开路由之前')
          next();
        }),
      //axios
      methods: {
        getData: function () {
          this.axios
            .get('http://localhost:8080/static/mock/data.json')
            .then(function (response) {
              console.log(response)
            })
        }
      }
    }
</script>
 
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