https://blog.csdn.net/tladagio/article/details/80760261
一、虚机主机的三种方式
1、基于IP
2、基于IP+端口
3、基于域名
官网文档：http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/
二、安装Apache
1、系统环境
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[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
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CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
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[root@localhost ~]# ip ad
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1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
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link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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inet6 ::1/128 scope host
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
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link/ether 00:0c:29:5c:ff:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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inet 192.168.253.128/24 brd 192.168.253.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736
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valid_lft 1388sec preferred_lft 1388sec
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inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe5c:ff91/64 scope link
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2、yum安装
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[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y httpd
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*****
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======================================================================================================================================================
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Package 架构 版本 源 大小
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======================================================================================================================================================
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正在安装:
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httpd x86_64 2.4.6-80.el7.centos base 2.7 M
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为依赖而安装:
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apr x86_64 1.4.8-3.el7_4.1 base 103 k
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apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k
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httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-80.el7.centos base 89 k
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mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 base 31 k
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***
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已安装:
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httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-80.el7.centos
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作为依赖被安装:
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apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7_4.1 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-80.el7.centos mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7
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完毕！
可以查看安装了内容
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql httpd | less
3、配置Selinux文件，SELINUX=disabled。
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
或者临时关闭
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
4、关闭防火墙
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[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
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[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
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Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
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Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
5、启动httpd服务，访问测试
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd
三、修改主配置文件
1、查看apache主配置文件，确保存在以下配置，因为等下需要在conf.d/创建虚机主机配置。
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf
2、另外，把 Require all denied默认拒绝访问设置为允许访问： Require all granted，方便测试。
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<Directory />
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AllowOverride none
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# Require all denied
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Require all granted
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</Directory>
四、新增虚拟主机配置文件
1、添加基于多个IP的虚拟主机
1）创建配置文件
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[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
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[root@localhost conf.d]# vim virtual.conf
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<VirtualHost 192.168.253.128:80>
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ServerName a.com
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DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/" #网页路径
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 192.168.253.129:80>
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ServerName b.com
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DocumentRoot "/www/b.com/" #网页路径
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</VirtualHost>
2）网卡绑定多个IP（我的网卡名是eno16777736，不是eth0）
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[root@localhost conf.d]# ip addr add 192.168.253.129 dev eno16777736
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[root@localhost conf.d]# ip add
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1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
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link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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inet6 ::1/128 scope host
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
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link/ether 00:0c:29:5c:ff:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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inet 192.168.253.128/24 brd 192.168.253.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736
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valid_lft 1542sec preferred_lft 1542sec
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inet 192.168.253.129/32 scope global eno16777736
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe5c:ff91/64 scope link
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3）创建虚机主机a.com和b.com的主页面
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[root@localhost conf.d]# mkdir -pv /www/{a.com,b.com}
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mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www"
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mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/a.com"
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mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/b.com"
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/a.com/index.html
<h1>Hello,a.com</h1>
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/b.com/index.html
4）检查配置文件是否正常
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[root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t
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AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
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Syntax OK
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5）重启httpd服务
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd
6）打开浏览器，查看结果
2、配置基于IP+端口的虚拟主机
1）创建配置文件
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[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
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[root@localhost conf.d]# vim virtual.conf
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<VirtualHost 192.168.253.128:80>
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ServerName a.com
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DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 192.168.253.128:8080>
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ServerName b.com
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DocumentRoot "/www/b.com/"
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</VirtualHost>
2）修改httpd主配置文件，在Listen 80下面添加一行监控8080端口
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Listen 8080
3）创建虚机主机a.com和b.com的主页面（如果前面已经创建就不用重复）
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[root@localhost conf.d]# mkdir -pv /www/{a.com,b.com}
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mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www"
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mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/a.com"
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mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/b.com"
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[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/a.com/index.html
<h1>Hello,a.com</h1>
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/b.com/index.html
4）检查配置文件
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[root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t
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AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
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Syntax OK
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5）重启httpd服务
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd
6）打开浏览器，查看结果
3、基于域名的虚拟主机
1）创建配置文件
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[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
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[root@localhost conf.d]# vim virtual.conf
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<VirtualHost *:80>
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ServerName a.com
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DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost *:80>
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ServerName b.com
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DocumentRoot "/www/b.com/"
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</VirtualHost>
2）修改物理主机hosts文件（C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc），因为这里是因为物理机去访问Apache服务器
添加：
192.168.253.128 a.com
192.168.253.128 b.com3）物理主机ping域名测试
4）创建虚机主机a.com和b.com的主页面（如果前面已经创建就不用重复）
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[root@localhost conf.d]# mkdir -pv /www/{a.com,b.com}
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mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www"
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mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/a.com"
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mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/b.com"
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/a.com/index.html
<h1>Hello,a.com</h1>
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/b.com/index.html
5）检查配置文件
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[root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t
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AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
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Syntax OK
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6）重启httpd服务
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd
7）打开浏览器，查看结果
五、扩展虚机主机配置文件
1、先修改回apache主配置文件，设置 Require all denied默认拒绝访问
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<Directory />
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AllowOverride none
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Require all denied
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</Directory>
这时候再去访问以上的三种配置虚机主机，会全部访问不了。因此需要针对虚机目录设置访问权限。
2、修改虚拟主机配置文件
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[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
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[root@localhost conf.d]# vim virtual.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
#绑定的主域
ServerName a.com
#绑定的子域名
ServerAlias www.test.com
#网站主目录
DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"
#错误日志目录
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/a.com/error.log"
#访问日志目录
CustomLog "/va/log/httpd/a.com.access.log"
<Directory "www/a.com/">
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
#允许任意访问
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
3、创建日志目录
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[root@localhost b.com]# cd /var/log/httpd/
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[root@localhost httpd]# mkdir a.com
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[root@localhost httpd]# ll
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总用量 60
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-rw-r --r--. 1 root root 37976 1月 23 22:26 access_log
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drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 1月 23 22:41 a.com
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-rw-r --r--. 1 root root 17795 1月 23 22:38 error_log
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[root@localhost httpd]# cd a.com/
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[root@localhost a.com]# touch error.log
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[root@localhost a.com]# touch access.log
日志目录记得更改属主和属组为Apache，否则httpd启动失败
[root@localhost httpd]# chown -R apache:apache a.com/
4、配置指定IP可以访问虚拟主机（可以单个IP，也可以是一个网段）
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/virtual.conf
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<VirtualHost *:80>
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#绑定的主域
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ServerName a.com
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#绑定的子域名
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ServerAlias www.test.com
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#网站主目录
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DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"
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#错误日志目录
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ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/a.com/error.log"
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#访问日志目录
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CustomLog "/va/log/httpd/a.com.access.log"
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<Directory "www/a.com/">
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Options FollowSymLinks
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AllowOverride All
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#允许任意访问
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Require ip 192.168.253.0/24
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</Directory>
5、配置指定用户可以访问虚拟主机
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/virtual.conf
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<VirtualHost *:80>
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#绑定的主域
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ServerName a.com
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#绑定的子域名
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ServerAlias www.test.com
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#网站主目录
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DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"
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#错误日志目录
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ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/a.com/error.log"
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#访问日志目录
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CustomLog "/va/log/httpd/a.com.access.log"
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<Directory "www/a.com/">
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Options FollowSymLinks
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AllowOverride authconfig
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AuthType basic
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AuthName "Restrict area"
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AuthUserFile "etc/httpd/.htpasswd"
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Require valid-user
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</Directory>
创建用户文件，第一次创建的时候要加-c，以后创建都不用加-c，否则会覆盖原数据
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[root@localhost conf.d]# pwd
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/etc/httpd/conf.d
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[root@localhost conf.d]# htpasswd -h
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htpasswd: illegal option -- h
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Usage:
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htpasswd [-cimBdpsDv] [-C cost] passwordfile username
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htpasswd -b[cmBdpsDv] [-C cost] passwordfile username password
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htpasswd -n[imBdps] [-C cost] username
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htpasswd -nb[mBdps] [-C cost] username password
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-c Create a new file.
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-n Don't update file; display results on stdout.
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-b Use the password from the command line rather than prompting for it.
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-i Read password from stdin without verification (for script usage).
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-m Force MD5 encryption of the password (default).
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-B Force bcrypt encryption of the password (very secure).
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-C Set the computing time used for the bcrypt algorithm
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(higher is more secure but slower, default: 5, valid: 4 to 31).
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-d Force CRYPT encryption of the password (8 chars max, insecure).
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-s Force SHA encryption of the password (insecure).
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-p Do not encrypt the password (plaintext, insecure).
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-D Delete the specified user.
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-v Verify password for the specified user.
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On other systems than Windows and NetWare the '-p' flag will probably not work.
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The SHA algorithm does not use a salt and is less secure than the MD5 algorithm.
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[root@localhost conf.d]# htpasswd -c -m /etc/httpd/.htpasswd tom
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New password:
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Re-type new password:
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Adding password for user tom
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重启httpd服务
[root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message Syntax OK [root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd
在浏览器测试登录
6、Require参考
Require all granted
无条件允许访问。
Require all denied
访问被无条件拒绝。
Require env env-var [env-var] ...
只有在给定的环境变量之一被设置的情况下才允许访问。
Require method http-method [http-method] ...
只有给定的HTTP方法才允许访问。
Require expr expression
如果表达式计算结果为true，则允许访问。
Require user userid [userid] ...
只有指定的用户才能访问资源。
Require group group-name [group-name] ...
只有指定组中的用户才能访问资源。
Require valid-user
所有有效的用户都可以访问资源。
Require ip 10 172.20 192.168.2
指定IP地址范围内的客户端可以访问资源。
7、Options
None:不支持任何选项
Indexes：允许索引目录
FollowSymLinks：允许访问符号链接指向的原文件
Includes：允许执行服务端包含（SSI）
ExecCGI：允许允许CGI脚本
ALL：支持所有选项
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，未经博主允许不得转载。 https://blog.csdn.net/tladagio/article/details/80760261
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