Python画图基础操作之全注释画雪人
【摘要】
一步步教你怎么用Python画雪人，进一步熟悉Python的基础画图操作，废话不多说，上代码。
希望您给个关注给个赞，也算对我们的支持了。
class Shape: # 基类(雪人各部件（形状）共有的属性) def __init__(self, cvns, points, fill): # 构造方法 画布...
一步步教你怎么用Python画雪人，进一步熟悉Python的基础画图操作，废话不多说，上代码。
希望您给个关注给个赞，也算对我们的支持了。
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class Shape: # 基类(雪人各部件（形状）共有的属性)
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def __init__(self, cvns, points, fill): # 构造方法 画布 位置坐标 颜色
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self.cvns = cvns # 画布
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self.points = points # 坐标（x1, y1, x2, y2）
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self.fill = fill
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self.pid = None # 当前图形的id
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def delete(self): # 删除图形
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if self.pid:
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self.cvns.delete(self.pid)
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class ShapeAngles(Shape): # 继承基类(增加了角度）)
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def __init__(self, cvns, points, fill, angles=(10, 170)): # angles:角度值,带默认参数
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super(ShapeAngles, self).__init__(cvns, points, fill) # 调用基类构造: cvns,points,fill
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self.angles = {'start':angles[0], 'extent':angles[1]} # 构造自己的属性：angles
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class HatTop(Shape): # 帽子顶部
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def draw(self):
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# self.pid = self.cvns.create_oval(self.points, fill='white') # 椭圆形
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self.pid = self.cvns.create_oval(self.points, fill=self.fill) # 椭圆形
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class HatBottom(Shape): # 帽子底部
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def draw(self):
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self.pid = self.cvns.create_polygon(self.points) # 绘多边形的方法
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class Hat: # 帽子整体（组合顶部和底部）
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def __init__(self, cvns, start_point, fill, w, h): # w,h是帽子的宽、高
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self.cvns = cvns # 初始化
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self.start_point = start_point
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self.w = w
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self.fill = fill
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self.h = h
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self.ht = HatTop(self.cvns, self.ht_cacu(), fill=self.fill) # 实例化顶部
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self.hb = HatBottom(self.cvns, self.hb_cacu(), self.fill) # 实例化底部
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def draw(self): # 绘制
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self.ht.draw() # 调用顶部方法绘制
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self.hb.draw() # 调用底部方法绘制
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def delete(self):
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self.ht.delete()
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# self.hb.delete()
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def ht_cacu(self): # 计算顶部坐标
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r = self.h / 3 / 2
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x1 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2 - r
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y1 = self.start_point[1] + 20 - r
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x2 = x1 + 2 * r
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y2 = y1 + 2 * r
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return x1, y1, x2, y2
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def hb_cacu(self): # 计算底部坐标(三角形的三个点的坐标)
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x1 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2
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y1 = self.start_point[1] + self.h / 3
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x2 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 3
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y2 = self.start_point[1] + self.h + 13
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x3 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 3 * 2
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y3 = y2
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return x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3
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class Sense(ShapeAngles): # 五官(眼、口扇形图形)
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def draw(self):
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self.pid = self.cvns.create_arc(*self.points, **self.angles, fill='red') # 绘制弧线
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class Face(HatTop): # 脸
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pass
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class Head: # 头部
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def __init__(self, cvns, start_point, fill, w, h): # 此处的w,h是头的
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self.cvns = cvns
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self.start_point = start_point
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self.fill = fill
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self.w = w
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self.h = h
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eye0_points = self.eye0_cacu() # 眼睛1坐标
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dx = self.h / 3 + self.h / 9
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eye1_points = (eye0_points[0] + dx, eye0_points[1], # 眼睛2坐标
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eye0_points[2] + dx, eye0_points[3])
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self.face = Face(self.cvns, self.face_cacu(), self.fill) # 脸：带参数的实例
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self.eye0 = Sense(self.cvns, eye0_points, fill='blue') # 眼1：带参数的实例
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self.eye1 = Sense(self.cvns, eye1_points, self.fill) # 眼2：带参数的实例
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self.mouth = Sense(self.cvns, self.mouth_cacu(), (-10, -170)) # 口：带参数的实例
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def draw(self):
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# 绘制脸部各部位
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self.face.draw()
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self.eye0.draw()
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self.eye1.draw()
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self.mouth.draw()
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def face_cacu(self): # 脸坐标计算
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x1 = self.start_point[0] + (self.w - self.h) / 2
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y1 = self.start_point[1]
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x2 = x1 + self.h
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y2 = y1 + self.h
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return x1, y1, x2, y2
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def eye0_cacu(self): # 眼0坐标计算
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left_point = (self.start_point[0] + (self.w - self.h) / 2 - 5, self.start_point[1])
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x1 = left_point[0] + self.h / 6
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y1 = left_point[1] + self.h / 3
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x2 = x1 + self.h / 3
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y2 = left_point[1] + self.h / 2
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return x1, y1, x2, y2
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def mouth_cacu(self): # 口坐标计算
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left_point = (self.start_point[0] + (self.w - self.h) / 2, self.start_point[1])
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x1 = left_point[0] + self.h / 3
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y1 = left_point[1] + 2 * self.h / 3 + 25 # +25后口的位置靠下，并且图形更大了
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x2 = x1 + self.h / 3
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y2 = left_point[1] + self.h / 2
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return x1, y1, x2, y2
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class hand(HatTop): # 手
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pass
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class BodyOutline(HatTop): # 身体轮廓，因没有特别的形状，继承了基类，类体为空
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pass
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class Button(HatTop): # 钮扣
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pass
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class Body: # 身体
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def __init__(self, cvns, start_point, fill, w, h):
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self.cvns = cvns
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self.start_point = start_point
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self.w = w
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self.h = h
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self.fill = fill
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self._button_size = 10 # 钮扣的大小
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self.buttons = []
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self.bo = BodyOutline(self.cvns, self.body_cacu(), self.fill) # 身体轮廓实例
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# self.hd = hand(self.cvns, (15, 500, 45, 240), self.fill) # 左手轮廓实例,坐标为矩形的两个对角顶点的坐标为准画的圆/椭圆
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self.hd = hand(self.cvns, self.bd_cacu(0), self.fill) # 左手轮廓实例,坐标为矩形的两个对角顶点的坐标为准画的圆/椭圆
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self.hd2 = hand(self.cvns, self.bd_cacu(self.w), self.fill) # 右手
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for pnts in self.all_button_points():
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self.buttons.append(Button(self.cvns, pnts, self.fill))
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def bd_cacu(self, w): # 计算手的坐标
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x1 = 15 + w
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y1 = self.start_point[1] + self.h / 2
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x2 = x1 + 30
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y2 = y1 - 26 * self._button_size
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return x1, y1, x2, y2
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def draw(self):
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self.bo.draw() # 身体绘制
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self.hd.draw() # 手1绘制
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self.hd2.draw() # 手2绘制
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for bttn in self.buttons: # 各钮扣绘制
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bttn.draw()
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def body_cacu(self): # 计算身体轮廓坐标
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x1, y1 = self.start_point
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x2 = x1 + self.w
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y2 = y1 + self.h
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return x1, y1, x2, y2
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def button0_cacu(self): # 计算第0个钮扣的坐标
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x1 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2 - self._button_size
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y1 = self.start_point[1] + self.h / 5 - self._button_size
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x2 = x1 + 2 * self._button_size # 2决定钮扣的园形形状
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y2 = y1 + 2 * self._button_size
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return x1, y1, x2, y2
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def move_dy(self, points, size): # 钮扣移动的方法
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y1 = points[1] + size
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y2 = points[3] + size
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return points[0], y1, points[2], y2
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def all_button_points(self): # 绘制每个钮扣的坐标
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b0_points = self.button0_cacu()
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size = self.h / 6 # 身高/钮扣数+1
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points = [] # 列表
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for i in range(5): # 钮扣的个数
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points.append(self.move_dy(b0_points, i * size)) # 各钮扣的移动数据存入列表points
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return points # 返回列表值
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# def set_button_size(self, size):
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# self._button_size = size
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class Snow: # 组装成雪人
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def __init__(self, cvns, points, fill, w=150, h=450): # points为雪人的坐标其与帽子坐标一致（见雪人图）
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self.cvns = cvns
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self.points = points
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self.w = w
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self.h = h
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self.fill = fill
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self.head = Head(self.cvns, (self.points[0], self.points[1] + self.h / 6), self.fill, self.w, self.h / 3) # 实例化头部
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self.body = Body(self.cvns, (self.points[0], self.points[1] + self.h / 2), self.fill, self.w, self.h / 2) # 实例化身体
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self.fill = 'red' # 帽子顶部颜色
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self.hat = Hat(self.cvns, self.points, self.fill, self.w, self.h / 6) # 绘帽子 # 实例化帽子
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def draw(self):
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self.hat.draw() # 绘制帽子
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self.head.draw() # 绘制头
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self.body.draw() # 绘制身体
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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import tkinter
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root = tkinter.Tk() # 建立根窗口
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cvns = tkinter.Canvas(root, width=400, height=700, bg='white') # 调用画布
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cvns.pack() # 将画布添加到窗口
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snow = Snow(cvns, (30, 15), 'white', 320, 660) # 雪人的实例化（传入画布对象、起始坐标、宽、高）
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snow = snow.draw() # 绘制
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root.mainloop()
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文章来源: zhulin1028.blog.csdn.net，作者：zhulin1028，版权归原作者所有，如需转载，请联系作者。
原文链接：zhulin1028.blog.csdn.net/article/details/120536554
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