Urllib库基本使用、详解（爬虫，urlopen，request，代理ip的使用，cookie解析，异常处理，URL深入解析）

公众号：yk 坤帝
后台回复 Urllib库基本使用 获取全部源代码

1.什么是Urllib？

2.相⽐Python2变化

3.urlopen模块

4.响应与响应类型

4.1 状态码、响应头
4.2 request 模块

5.Handler与代理

6.cookie解析

7.异常处理

8.URL深入解析

8.1 urlparse模块
8.2 urlunparse模块
8.3 urljoin模块
8.4 urlencode模块

1.什么是Urllib？

Python内置的HTTP请求库

urllib.request 请求模块
urllib.error 异常处理模块
urllib.parse url解析模块
urllib.robotparser robots.txt解析模块

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
 

2.相⽐Python2变化

Python2
import urllib2
response = urllib2.urlopen('http://www.baidu.com')
Python3
import urllib.request
response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.baidu.com')

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
  
5
  
6
 

3.urlopen模块

urllib.request.urlopen(url, data=None, [timeout, ]*, cafile=None, capath=None, cadefault=False, context=None)

import urllib.request

response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.baidu.com')
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
 

公众号：yk 坤帝
后台回复 Urllib库基本使用 获取全部源代码
import urllib.parse
import urllib.request

data = bytes(urllib.parse.urlencode({'word': 'hello'}), encoding='utf8')
response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/post', data=data)
print(response.read())

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
  
5
  
6
  
7
  
8
 

import urllib.request

response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get', timeout=1)
print(response.read())

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
 

import socket
import urllib.request
import urllib.error

try:
    response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get', timeout=0.1)
except urllib.error.URLError as e:
    if isinstance(e.reason, socket.timeout):
        print('TIME OUT')

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
  
5
  
6
  
7
  
8
  
9
 

4.响应与响应类型

import urllib.request

response = urllib.request.urlopen('https://www.python.org')
print(type(response))

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
 

4.1 状态码、响应头

公众号：yk 坤帝
后台回复 Urllib库基本使用 获取全部源代码
import urllib.request

response = urllib.request.urlopen('https://www.python.org')
print(response.status)
print(response.getheaders())
print(response.getheader('Server'))

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
  
5
  
6
  
7
  
8
 

import urllib.request

response = urllib.request.urlopen('https://www.python.org')
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
 

4.2 request 模块

import urllib.request

request = urllib.request.Request('https://python.org')
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
  
5
 

from urllib import request, parse

url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)',
    'Host': 'httpbin.org'
}
dict = {
    'name': 'Germey'
}
data = bytes(parse.urlencode(dict), encoding='utf8')
req = request.Request(url=url, data=data, headers=headers, method='POST')
response = request.urlopen(req)
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
  
5
  
6
  
7
  
8
  
9
  
10
  
11
  
12
  
13
  
14
 

公众号：yk 坤帝
后台回复 Urllib库基本使用 获取全部源代码
from urllib import request, parse

url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
dict = {
    'name': 'Germey'
}
data = bytes(parse.urlencode(dict), encoding='utf8')
req = request.Request(url=url, data=data, method='POST')
req.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)')
response = request.urlopen(req)
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
  
5
  
6
  
7
  
8
  
9
  
10
  
11
  
12
  
13
 

5.Handler与代理ip的使用

import urllib.request

proxy_handler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({
    'http': 'http://127.0.0.1:9743',
    'https': 'https://127.0.0.1:9743'
})
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_handler)
response = opener.open('http://httpbin.org/get')
print(response.read())

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
  
5
  
6
  
7
  
8
  
9
 

6.cookie解析

import http.cookiejar, urllib.request

cookie = http.cookiejar.CookieJar()
handler = urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie)
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)
response = opener.open('http://www.baidu.com')
for item in cookie:
    print(item.name+"="+item.value)

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
  
5
  
6
  
7
  
8
 

import http.cookiejar, urllib.request
filename = "cookie.txt"
cookie = http.cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar(filename)
handler = urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie)
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)
response = opener.open('http://www.baidu.com')
cookie.save(ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
  
5
  
6
  
7
 

import http.cookiejar, urllib.request
cookie = http.cookiejar.LWPCookieJar()
cookie.load('cookie.txt', ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
handler = urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie)
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)
response = opener.open('http://www.baidu.com')
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
  
5
  
6
  
7
 

7.异常处理

from urllib import request, error
try:
    response = request.urlopen('http://cuiqingcai.com/index.htm')
except error.URLError as e:
    print(e.reason)

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
  
5
 

from urllib import request, error

try:
    response = request.urlopen('http://cuiqingcai.com/index.htm')
except error.HTTPError as e:
    print(e.reason, e.code, e.headers, sep='\n')
except error.URLError as e:
    print(e.reason)
else:
    print('Request Successfully')

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
  
5
  
6
  
7
  
8
  
9
  
10
 

import socket
import urllib.request
import urllib.error

try:
    response = urllib.request.urlopen('https://www.baidu.com', timeout=0.01)
except urllib.error.URLError as e:
    print(type(e.reason))
    if isinstance(e.reason, socket.timeout):
        print('TIME OUT')

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
  
5
  
6
  
7
  
8
  
9
  
10
 

8.URL深入解析

8.1 urlparse模块

urllib.parse.urlparse(urlstring, scheme=’’, allow_fragments=True)

from urllib.parse import urlparse

result = urlparse('http://www.baidu.com/index.html;user?id=5#comment')
print(type(result), result)

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
 

from urllib.parse import urlparse

result = urlparse('www.baidu.com/index.html;user?id=5#comment', scheme='https')
print(result)

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
 

from urllib.parse import urlparse

result = urlparse('http://www.baidu.com/index.html;user?id=5#comment', allow_fragments=False)
print(result)

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
 

from urllib.parse import urlparse

result = urlparse('http://www.baidu.com/index.html#comment', allow_fragments=False)
print(result)

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
 

8.2 urlunparse模块

from urllib.parse import urlunparse

data = ['http', 'www.baidu.com', 'index.html', 'user', 'a=6', 'comment']
print(urlunparse(data))

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
 

8.3 urljoin模块

from urllib.parse import urljoin

print(urljoin('http://www.baidu.com', 'FAQ.html'))
print(urljoin('http://www.baidu.com', 'https://cuiqingcai.com/FAQ.html'))
print(urljoin('http://www.baidu.com/about.html', 'https://cuiqingcai.com/FAQ.html'))
print(urljoin('http://www.baidu.com/about.html', 'https://cuiqingcai.com/FAQ.html?question=2'))
print(urljoin('http://www.baidu.com?wd=abc', 'https://cuiqingcai.com/index.php'))
print(urljoin('http://www.baidu.com', '?category=2#comment'))
print(urljoin('www.baidu.com', '?category=2#comment'))
print(urljoin('www.baidu.com#comment', '?category=2'))

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
  
5
  
6
  
7
  
8
  
9
  
10
 

8.4 urlencode模块

from urllib.parse import urlencode

params = {
    'name': 'germey',
    'age': 22
}
base_url = 'http://www.baidu.com?'
url = base_url + urlencode(params)
print(url)

  
 

  
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
  
5
  
6
  
7
  
8
  
9
 

公众号：yk 坤帝
后台回复 Urllib库基本使用 获取全部源代码

文章来源: blog.csdn.net，作者：yk 坤帝，版权归原作者所有，如需转载，请联系作者。

原文链接：blog.csdn.net/qq_45803923/article/details/123486903