张小白带你在华为云ECS服务器上安装MySQL 5.7

华为云ECS服务器在购买后，会内置一个类似MySQL的数据库，叫做mariadb。

一般情况下，如果要使用MySQL，最好把这个数据库替换掉，下面是张小白参照网上的介绍进行的替换实践。

使用root登录，查看mariadb的版本：

删除mariadb:

查看MySQL是否安装：

下载MySQL5.7.37的代码包：

cd /usr/local

wget https://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.37-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

解压：

tar -zxvf mysql-*.gz

mv mysql-5.7.37-el7-x86_64 mysql

设置权限：
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql
mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
mkdir -p /data/mysql/logs
mkdir -p /data/mysql/tmp
chown -R mysql:mysql  /data/mysql

编辑 /etc/my.cnf 文件：

[client]
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql 
datadir = /data/mysql/data 
port = 3306 
socket = /data/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
pid-file = /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid
tmpdir = /data/mysql/tmp 
skip_name_resolve = 1
symbolic-links=0
max_connections = 2000
group_concat_max_len = 1024000
sql_mode = NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
lower_case_table_names = 1
log_timestamps=SYSTEM
character-set-server = utf8
interactive_timeout = 1800 
wait_timeout = 1800
max_allowed_packet = 32M
binlog_cache_size = 4M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 4M
join_buffer_size = 4M
tmp_table_size = 96M
max_heap_table_size = 96M
max_length_for_sort_data = 8096
#logs
server-id = 1003306
log-error = /data/mysql/logs/error.log
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/logs/slow.log
long_query_time = 3
log-bin = /data/mysql/logs/binlog
binlog_format = row
expire_logs_days = 15
log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1
relay-log = /data/mysql/logs/relay-bin
relay-log-recovery = 1 
relay_log_purge = 1 
#innodb 
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_io_capacity = 2000
innodb_io_capacity_max = 4000
innodb_flush_neighbors = 0
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 2
innodb_read_io_threads = 8
innodb_write_io_threads = 8
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G

将mysql设置为linux服务：

cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files

cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

编辑 /etc/init.d/mysql 文件：

设置以下两行：

basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql/data

chkconfig --add mysql

chkconfig --list

编辑环境变量：

echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin " >> /etc/profile 

source /etc/profile

手工启动MySQL：

报错！

需要安装libaio软件包：

rpm -qa|grep libaio 

yum install  libaio-devel.x86_64

再次启动MySQL尝试：

上面箭头所指的一串字符就是临时的root密码。

重启MySQL:

service stop mysql

service start mysql

登录MySQL命令行：

mysql -uroot -p

输入前面的临时密码进入命令行。

修改root密码：

alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'xxxxxx';

flush privileges;

quit退出命令行。

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql

可以再次重启MySQL：

service restart mysql

此后就可以使用新的密码在命令行登陆了。

如果想使用远程登录，需要修改以下内容：

grant all privileges on *.* to'root'@'%' identify by 'xxxxxx' with grant option; 

flush privileges;

再重启MySQL即可。

（全文完，谢谢阅读）