【Flutter 专题】58 图解 Flutter 嵌入原生 AndroidView 小尝试

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阿策小和尚 发表于 2022/02/09 08:33:53 2022/02/09
【摘要】 0 基础学习 Flutter,第五十八步:尝试 Flutter 嵌入原生 AndroidView!

      小菜前段时间学习了一下 Flutter 与原生 Android 之间的交互;是以 Android 为主工程,Flutter 作为 Module 方式进行交互;今天小菜尝试一下 Flutter 中嵌入 Native View 的交互方式;Android 端采用 AndroidView iOS 端采用 UiKitView;小菜仅学习了 AndroidView 的基本用法;

源码分析

const AndroidView({
    Key key,
    @required this.viewType,
    this.onPlatformViewCreated,
    this.hitTestBehavior = PlatformViewHitTestBehavior.opaque,
    this.layoutDirection,
    this.gestureRecognizers,
    this.creationParams,
    this.creationParamsCodec,
})
  1. viewType ->Android 原生交互时唯一标识符,常见形式是包名+自定义名;
  2. onPlatformViewCreated -> 创建视图后的回调;
  3. hitTestBehavior -> 渗透点击事件,接收范围 opaque > translucent > transparent
  4. layoutDirection -> 嵌入视图文本方向;
  5. gestureRecognizers -> 可以传递到视图的手势集合;
  6. creationParams -> 向视图传递参数,常为 PlatformViewFactory
  7. creationParamsCodec -> 编解码器类型;

基本用法

1. viewType

a. Android 端
  1. 自定义 PlatformView,可根据需求实现 Channel 交互接口;
public class NLayout implements PlatformView {
    private LinearLayout mLinearLayout;
    private BinaryMessenger messenger;

    NLayout(Context context, BinaryMessenger messenger, int id, Map<String, Object> params) {
        this.messenger = messenger;
        LinearLayout mLinearLayout = new LinearLayout(context);
        mLinearLayout.setBackgroundColor(Color.rgb(100, 200, 100));
        LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(900, 900);
        mLinearLayout.setLayoutParams(lp);
        this.mLinearLayout = mLinearLayout;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView() { return mLinearLayout; }

    @Override
    public void dispose() {}
}
  1. 创建 PlatformViewFactory 用于生成 PlatformView
public class NLayoutFactory extends PlatformViewFactory {
    private final BinaryMessenger messenger;

    public NLayoutFactory(BinaryMessenger messenger) {
        super(StandardMessageCodec.INSTANCE);
        this.messenger = messenger;
    }

    @Override
    public PlatformView create(Context context, int i, Object o) {
        Map<String, Object> params = (Map<String, Object>) o;
        return new NLayout(context, messenger, i, params);
    }

    public static void registerWith(PluginRegistry registry) {
        final String key = "NLayout";
        if (registry.hasPlugin(key)) return;
        PluginRegistry.Registrar registrar = registry.registrarFor(key);
        registrar.platformViewRegistry().registerViewFactory("com.ace.ace_demo01/method_layout", new NLayoutFactory(registrar.messenger()));
    }
}
  1. MainActivity 中注册该组件;
NLayoutFactory.registerWith(this);
b. Flutter 端

      创建 AndroidView 并设置与原生相同的 viewType

return ListView(children: <Widget>[
  Container(child: AndroidView(viewType: "com.ace.ace_demo01/method_layout"),
      color: Colors.pinkAccent, height: 400.0),
  Container(child: AndroidView(viewType: "com.ace.ace_demo01/method_layout"),
      color: Colors.greenAccent, height: 200.0)
]);

c. 相关小结
  1. 小菜对比两个 Container 高度,Container 尺寸大于 AndroidView 对应的原生 View 尺寸时,完全展示;相反小于时则会裁剪 AndroidView 对应的原生 View
  2. 两个 Container 背景色均未展示,小菜理解是 AndroidView 是填充满 Container 的,只是 AndroidView 中展示效果跟原生 View 尺寸相关;
  3. AndroidView 中未填充满的部分会展示白色或黑色背景色,与 Android 主题版本设备 相关;

2. creationParams / creationParamsCodec

      creationParamscreationParamsCodec 一般成对使用,creationParams 为默认传递参数,creationParamsCodec 为编解码器类型;

// Flutter 端 默认传递不同尺寸参数
return ListView(children: <Widget>[
  Container(child: AndroidView(viewType: "com.ace.ace_demo01/method_layout0",
          creationParamsCodec: const StandardMessageCodec(),
          creationParams: {'method_layout_size': 150}),
      color: Colors.pinkAccent,height: 400.0),
  Container(child: AndroidView(viewType: "com.ace.ace_demo01/method_layout0",
          creationParamsCodec: const StandardMessageCodec(),
          creationParams: {'method_layout_size': 450}),
      color: Colors.greenAccent,height: 200.0)
]);

// Android NLayout
public class NLayout implements PlatformView {
    private LinearLayout mLinearLayout;
    private BinaryMessenger messenger;
    private int size = 0;

    NLayout(Context context, BinaryMessenger messenger, int id, Map<String, Object> params) {
        this.messenger = messenger;
        LinearLayout mLinearLayout = new LinearLayout(context);
        mLinearLayout.setBackgroundColor(Color.rgb(100, 200, 100));
        if (params != null && params.containsKey("method_layout_size")) {
            size = Integer.parseInt(params.get("method_layout_size").toString());
        } else {
            size = 900;
        }
        LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(size,size);
        mLinearLayout.setLayoutParams(lp);
        this.mLinearLayout = mLinearLayout;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView() { return mLinearLayout; }

    @Override
    public void dispose() {}
}

3. onPlatformViewCreated

      FlutterAndroid 交互一般借助 MethodChannel / BasicMessageChannel / EventChannel 三种方式进行桥接交互;小菜以自定义 TextView 进行尝试;PlatformViewFactory 基本一致,只是更换初始化和注册的 N…TextView 即可;自定义 N…TextView 需实现各自的 Channel 方式;

MethodChannel 方式
// Flutter 端
return Container(height: 80.0, child: AndroidView(
      onPlatformViewCreated: (id) async {
        MethodChannel _channel = const MethodChannel('ace_method_text_view');
        _channel..invokeMethod('method_set_text', 'Method_Channel')..setMethodCallHandler((call) {
            if (call.method == 'method_click') {
              _toast('Method Text FlutterToast!', context);
            }
          });
      },
      viewType: "com.ace.ace_demo01/method_text_view",
      creationParamsCodec: const StandardMessageCodec(),
      creationParams: {'method_text_str': 'Method Channel Params!!'}));

// Android NMethodTextView
public class NMethodTextView implements PlatformView, MethodChannel.MethodCallHandler {
    private TextView mTextView;
    private MethodChannel methodChannel;
    private BinaryMessenger messenger;

    NMethodTextView(Context context, BinaryMessenger messenger, int id, Map<String, Object> params) {
        this.messenger = messenger;
        TextView mTextView = new TextView(context);
        mTextView.setText("我是来自Android的原生TextView");
        mTextView.setBackgroundColor(Color.rgb(155, 205, 155));
        mTextView.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
        mTextView.setTextSize(16.0f);
        if (params != null && params.containsKey("method_text_str")) {
            mTextView.setText(params.get("method_text_str").toString());
        }
        this.mTextView = mTextView;

        methodChannel = new MethodChannel(messenger, "ace_method_text_view");
        methodChannel.setMethodCallHandler(this);

        mTextView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                methodChannel.invokeMethod("method_click", "点击!");
                Toast.makeText(context, "Method Click NativeToast!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void onMethodCall(MethodCall methodCall, MethodChannel.Result result) {
        if (methodCall != null && methodCall.method.toString().equals("method_set_text")) {
            mTextView.setText(methodCall.arguments.toString());
            result.success("method_set_text_success");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public View getView() { return mTextView; }

    @Override
    public void dispose() { methodChannel.setMethodCallHandler(null); }
}
BasicMessageChannel 方式
// Flutter 端
return Container(height: 80.0, child: AndroidView(
      hitTestBehavior: PlatformViewHitTestBehavior.translucent,
      onPlatformViewCreated: (id) async {
        BasicMessageChannel _channel = const BasicMessageChannel('ace_basic_text_view', StringCodec());
        _channel..send("Basic_Channel")..setMessageHandler((message) {
            if (message == 'basic_text_click') {
              _toast('Basic Text FlutterToast!', context);
            }
            print('===${message.toString()}==');
          });
      },
      viewType: "com.ace.ace_demo01/basic_text_view",
      creationParamsCodec: const StandardMessageCodec(),
      creationParams: {'basic_text_str': 'Basic Channel Params!!'}));

// Android NBasicTextView
public class NBasicTextView implements PlatformView, BasicMessageChannel.MessageHandler {
    private TextView mTextView;
    private BasicMessageChannel basicMessageChannel;
    private BinaryMessenger messenger;

    NBasicTextView(Context context, BinaryMessenger messenger, int id, Map<String, Object> params) {
        this.messenger = messenger;
        TextView mTextView = new TextView(context);
        mTextView.setTextColor(Color.rgb(155, 155, 205));
        mTextView.setBackgroundColor(Color.rgb(155, 105, 155));
        mTextView.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
        mTextView.setTextSize(18.0f);
        if (params != null && params.containsKey("basic_text_str")) {
            mTextView.setText(params.get("basic_text_str").toString());
        }
        this.mTextView = mTextView;

        basicMessageChannel = new BasicMessageChannel(messenger, "ace_basic_text_view", StringCodec.INSTANCE);
        basicMessageChannel.setMessageHandler(this);

        mTextView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                basicMessageChannel.send("basic_text_click");
                Toast.makeText(context, "Basic Click NativeToast!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public View getView() { return mTextView; }

    @Override
    public void dispose() { basicMessageChannel.setMessageHandler(null); }

    @Override
    public void onMessage(Object o, BasicMessageChannel.Reply reply) {
        if (o != null){
            mTextView.setText(o.toString());
            basicMessageChannel.send("basic_set_text_success");
        }
    }
}
EventChannel 方式
// Flutter 端
return Container(height: 80.0, child: AndroidView(
      hitTestBehavior: PlatformViewHitTestBehavior.opaque,
      onPlatformViewCreated: (id) async {
        EventChannel _channel = const EventChannel('ace_event_text_view');
        _channel.receiveBroadcastStream('Event_Channel').listen((message) {
          if (message == 'event_text_click') {
            _toast('Event Text FlutterToast!', context);
          }
        });
      },
      viewType: "com.ace.ace_demo01/event_text_view",
      creationParamsCodec: const StandardMessageCodec(),
      creationParams: {'event_text_str': 'Event Channel Params!!'}));

// Android EventChannel
public class NEventTextView implements PlatformView, EventChannel.StreamHandler {
    private TextView mTextView;
    private EventChannel eventChannel;
    private BinaryMessenger messenger;

    NEventTextView(Context context, BinaryMessenger messenger, int id, Map<String, Object> params) {
        this.messenger = messenger;
        TextView mTextView = new TextView(context);
        mTextView.setTextColor(Color.rgb(250, 105, 25));
        mTextView.setBackgroundColor(Color.rgb(15, 200, 155));
        mTextView.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
        mTextView.setPadding(10, 10, 10, 10);
        mTextView.setTextSize(20.0f);
        if (params != null && params.containsKey("event_text_str")) {
            mTextView.setText(params.get("event_text_str").toString());
        }
        this.mTextView = mTextView;

        eventChannel = new EventChannel(messenger, "ace_event_text_view");
        eventChannel.setStreamHandler(this);

        mTextView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(context, "Event Click NativeToast!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public View getView() { return mTextView; }

    @Override
    public void dispose() { eventChannel.setStreamHandler(null); }

    @Override
    public void onListen(Object o, EventChannel.EventSink eventSink) {
        if (o != null) {
            mTextView.setText(o.toString());
            eventSink.success("event_set_text_success");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onCancel(Object o) {}
}

4. gestureRecognizers

      针对不同的 View 需要的手势有所不同,上述 TextView 没有设置手势集合,默认支持点击,但对于 ListView 之类的需要滑动手势或长按点击的话则需要添加 gestureRecognizers 手势集合;

// Flutter 端
return Container(height: 480.0,
    child: GestureDetector(
      child: AndroidView(
          gestureRecognizers: Set()..add(Factory<VerticalDragGestureRecognizer>(() => VerticalDragGestureRecognizer()))
            ..add(Factory<LongPressGestureRecognizer>(() => LongPressGestureRecognizer())),
          hitTestBehavior: PlatformViewHitTestBehavior.opaque,
          onPlatformViewCreated: (id) async {
            MethodChannel _channel = const MethodChannel('ace_method_list_view');
            _channel..invokeMethod('method_set_list', 15)..setMethodCallHandler((call) {
                if (call.method == 'method_item_click') {
                  _toast('List FlutterToast! position -> ${call.arguments}', context);
                } else if (call.method == 'method_item_long_click') {
                  _toast('List FlutterToast! -> ${call.arguments}', context);
                }
              });
          },
          viewType: "com.ace.ace_demo01/method_list_view",
          creationParamsCodec: const StandardMessageCodec(),
          creationParams: {'method_list_size': 10})));

// Android NMethodListView
public class NMethodListView implements PlatformView, MethodChannel.MethodCallHandler, ListView.OnItemClickListener, ListView.OnItemLongClickListener {

    private Context context;
    private ListView mListView;
    private MethodChannel methodChannel;
    private List<Map<String, String>> list = new ArrayList<>();
    private SimpleAdapter simpleAdapter = null;
    private int listSize = 0;

    NMethodListView(Context context, BinaryMessenger messenger, int id, Map<String, Object> params) {
        this.context = context;
        ListView mListView = new ListView(context);
        if (params != null && params.containsKey("method_list_size")) {
            listSize = Integer.parseInt(params.get("method_list_size").toString());
        }
        if (list != null) { list.clear(); }
        for (int i = 0; i < listSize; i++) {
            Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
            map.put("id", "current item = " + (i + 1));
            list.add(map);
        }
        simpleAdapter = new SimpleAdapter(context, list, R.layout.list_item, new String[] { "id" }, new int[] { R.id.item_tv });
        mListView.setAdapter(simpleAdapter);
        mListView.setOnItemClickListener(this);
        mListView.setOnItemLongClickListener(this);
        this.mListView = mListView;

        methodChannel = new MethodChannel(messenger, "ace_method_list_view");
        methodChannel.setMethodCallHandler(this);
    }

    @Override
    public View getView() { return mListView; }

    @Override
    public void dispose() { methodChannel.setMethodCallHandler(null); }

    @Override
    public void onMethodCall(MethodCall methodCall, MethodChannel.Result result) {
        if (methodCall != null && methodCall.method.toString().equals("method_set_list")) {
            if (list != null) { list.clear(); }
            for (int i = 0; i < Integer.parseInt(methodCall.arguments.toString()); i++) {
                Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
                map.put("id", "current item = " + (i + 1));
                list.add(map);
            }
            simpleAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
            result.success("method_set_list_success");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
        methodChannel.invokeMethod("method_item_click", position);
        Toast.makeText(context, "ListView.onItemClick NativeToast! position -> " + position, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onItemLongClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
        methodChannel.invokeMethod("method_item_long_click", list.get(position).get("id"));
        Toast.makeText(context, "ListView.onItemLongClick NativeToast! " + list.get(position).get("id"), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        return true;
    }
}

5. hitTestBehavior

      小菜尝试了数据绑定和手势操作,但重要的一点是数据透传,小菜在 Flutter / Android 两端添加了 Toast 进行测试;

a. opaque

      使用 PlatformViewHitTestBehavior.opaque 方式,两端均可监听处理,小菜理解,若有叠加 AndroidView 则不会透传到下一层;注意 PlatformView 只可在 AndroidView 范围内展示;

b. translucent

      使用 PlatformViewHitTestBehavior.translucent 方式,两端均可监听处理,小菜理解,若有叠加 AndroidView 则可以透传到下一层;

c. transparent

      使用 PlatformViewHitTestBehavior.transparent 方式,两端均不会透传展示;

      小菜在测试时,NMethodListView 设置高度超过剩余空间高度,例 Container 高度设置 500.0 可实际屏幕剩余高度只有 300.0,因 transparent 不会透传,所以 Flutter 外层 ListView 可以滑动,NMethodListView 不会滑动;使用 opaque / translucent 方式,NMethodListView 可以滑动,Flutter 外层 ListView 不能滑动,故有 200.0 高度展示不出来;

小结

  1. 使用 AndroidView 时,Android API > 20
  2. 使用 AndroidView 时均需要有界父类;
  3. 官网明确提醒,AndroidView 方式代价较大,由于是 GPU -> CPU -> GPU 有明显的性能缺陷,尽量避免使用;
  4. 测试过程中热重载无效,每次均需重新编译;

      小菜对两端的交互理解还不够深入,尤其是专有名词的理解还不到位,如有问题请多多指导!

来源:阿策小和尚

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