安装openGauss数据库单机版

在CentOS下安装openGauss

软件包下载地址：https://opengauss.org/zh/download.html

docker rm -f lhropengauss
docker run -d --name lhropengauss -h lhropengauss \
  -p 25432-25435:5432-5435 \
  -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup \
  --privileged=true lhrbest/lhrcentos76:8.5 \
  /usr/sbin/init
  
docker exec -it lhropengauss bash
cd /soft



#close selinux
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0

#close firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld

cat >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local <<"EOF"
if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled; then
 echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
fi

if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag; then
 echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
fi

EOF

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
  
-- 创建用户和组
groupadd dbgrp
useradd -g dbgrp -d /home/omm -m -s /bin/bash omm
echo "lhr" | passwd --stdin omm

## 创建相关目录
mkdir /opengauss
chgrp dbgrp -R /opengauss
chmod 775 -R /opengauss


export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/soft/script/gspylib/clib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH


## 解压数据库安装包（96MB）
wget https://opengauss.obs.cn-south-1.myhuaweicloud.com/2.1.0/x86/openGauss-2.1.0-CentOS-64bit-all.tar.gz
tar -zxvf openGauss-2.1.0-CentOS-64bit-all.tar.gz
tar -zxvf openGauss-2.1.0-CentOS-64bit-om.tar.gz


[root@lhropengauss soft]# ll -h
total 193M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  96M Sep 30 15:39 openGauss-2.1.0-CentOS-64bit-all.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   65 Sep 30 14:40 openGauss-2.1.0-CentOS-64bit-om.sha256
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  14M Sep 30 14:40 openGauss-2.1.0-CentOS-64bit-om.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   65 Sep 30 14:41 openGauss-2.1.0-CentOS-64bit.sha256
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  84M Sep 30 14:41 openGauss-2.1.0-CentOS-64bit.tar.bz2
-rw------- 1 root root   65 Sep 30 14:39 upgrade_sql.sha256
-rw------- 1 root root 220K Sep 30 14:39 upgrade_sql.tar.gz




cat > /soft/clusterconfig.xml <<"EOF"
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ROOT>
    <!-- openGauss整体信息 -->
    <CLUSTER>
        <!-- 数据库名称 -->
        <PARAM name="clusterName" value="gsCluster" />
        <!-- 数据库节点名称(hostname) -->
        <PARAM name="nodeNames" value="lhropengauss" />
        <!-- 节点后端通讯IP，与nodeNames对应 -->
        <PARAM name="backIp1s" value="127.0.0.1"/>
        <!-- 数据库安装目录 与其他路径相互独立-->
        <PARAM name="gaussdbAppPath" value="/opengauss/app" />
        <!-- 日志目录,与其他路径相互独立,默认路径"$GAUSSLOG/安装用户名"-->
        <PARAM name="gaussdbLogPath" value="/opengauss/log/omm" />
        <!-- 临时文件目录,默认位置在/opt/huawei/wisequery/perfadm_db-->
        <PARAM name="tmpMppdbPath" value="/opengauss/tmp" />
        <!--数据库工具目录,与其他路径相互独立,默认路径在"/opt/huawei/wisequery"-->
        <PARAM name="gaussdbToolPath" value="/opengauss/om" />
        <!--数据库core文件目录-->
        <PARAM name="corePath" value="/opengauss/corefile" />
        <!-- openGauss类型，此处示例为单机类型，“single-inst”表示单机或单击主备部署形态-->
        <PARAM name="clusterType" value="single-inst"/>
    </CLUSTER>
    <!-- 每台服务器上的节点部署信息 -->
    <DEVICELIST>
        <!-- node1上的节点部署信息 -->
        <DEVICE sn="1000001">
            <PARAM name="name" value="lhropengauss"/>
            <!-- 节点所在的AZ及AZ优先级 -->
            <PARAM name="azName" value="AZ1"/>
            <PARAM name="azPriority" value="1"/>
            <!-- 如果服务器只有一个网卡可用，将backIP1和sshIP1配置成同一个IP -->
            <PARAM name="backIp1" value="127.0.0.1"/>
            <PARAM name="sshIp1" value="127.0.0.1"/>

        <!--dbnode-->
        <!--当前主机上需要部署的数据库节点个数-->
        <PARAM name="dataNum" value="1"/>
        <!--DBnode端口号-->
        <PARAM name="dataPortBase" value="5432"/>
        <!--DBnode节点数据存储目录-->
        <PARAM name="dataNode1" value="/opengauss/data/db1"/>
        </DEVICE>
    </DEVICELIST>
</ROOT>

EOF


-- 执行交互式初始化（预安装）
cd /soft/script
python3 gs_preinstall -U omm -G dbgrp -X /soft/clusterconfig.xml

-- 如果在预安装失败 就执行 gs_checkos -i A -h lhropengauss --detail 命令 查看失败原因


-- 安装opengauss
su - omm
gs_install -X /soft/clusterconfig.xml
-- 设置密码lhr@123456


echo "export PGDATA=/opengauss/data/db1" >> /home/omm/.bashrc
source  /home/omm/.bashrc


-- 查询状态
gs_om -t status
gs_om -t status --detail
gs_ctl status -D /opengauss/data/db1


-- 启动
gs_ctl start -D /opengauss/data/db1


-- 重启
gs_om -t stop && gs_om -t start



-- 环境变量，会自动配置到 /home/omm/.bashrc
export GPHOME=/opengauss/om
export PATH=$GPHOME/script/gspylib/pssh/bin:$GPHOME/script:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$GPHOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PYTHONPATH=$GPHOME/lib
export GAUSSHOME=/opengauss/app
export PATH=$GAUSSHOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$GAUSSHOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export S3_CLIENT_CRT_FILE=$GAUSSHOME/lib/client.crt
export GAUSS_VERSION=2.1.0
export PGHOST=/opengauss/tmp
export GAUSSLOG=/opengauss/log/omm/omm
umask 077
export GAUSS_ENV=2
export GS_CLUSTER_NAME=gsCluster


# openGauss是源于PostgreSQL的数据库，默认初始化postgres数据库不变，如果当前用户不是postgres就要指定数据库名登录
gsql -d postgres
create database omm;

-- 去掉密码复杂度验证策略
alter system set password_policy=0;

-- 使用md5和sha256，否则不能登录
alter system set password_encryption_type=1;



-- 修改初始化用户的密码（若需要），openGauss 加强安全，如果需要修改初始化数据库用户的密码，需要用REPLACE哦！
postgres=#  ALTER ROLE gauss IDENTIFIED BY 'lhr@123456' REPLACE 'lhr@123456';



-- 配置远程登录
cat >> /opengauss/data/db1/postgresql.conf <<"EOF"
listen_addresses = '*' 
local_bind_address = '0.0.0.0'
cstore_buffers=16MB
bulk_write_ring_size=128MB
shared_buffers=128MB
max_process_memory=2GB
EOF


echo "host  all  all  0.0.0.0/0  sha256" >> /opengauss/data/db1/pg_hba.conf


-- 重启
gs_ctl restart



-- 新建用户
-- 初始化数据库的用户，是不能通过IP远程连接的，所以需要创建另外一个用户才能远程连接


# 创建用户(初始化数据库的用户不能进行远程连接，需要重新创建用户)
create user lhr with password 'lhr' sysadmin ;
grant all PRIVILEGES to lhr; 

-- 验证远程登录数据库
gsql -dpostgres -h172.17.0.6 -Ulhr -r -W'lhr'

-- 远程连接
gsql -d postgres -U lhr  -W'lhr' -h 192.168.66.35 -p25432 -r

psql -d postgres -U lhr  -h 192.168.66.35 -p25432


-- 解锁用户
alter user lhr account unlock;

安装过程：

[root@lhropengauss script]# python3 gs_preinstall -U omm -G dbgrp -X /soft/clusterconfig.xml
Parsing the configuration file.
Successfully parsed the configuration file.
Installing the tools on the local node.
Successfully installed the tools on the local node.
Setting pssh path
Successfully set core path.
Are you sure you want to create the user[omm] and create trust for it (yes/no)? yes
Preparing SSH service.
Successfully prepared SSH service.
Checking OS software.
Successfully check os software.
Checking OS version.
Successfully checked OS version.
Creating cluster's path.
Successfully created cluster's path.
Set and check OS parameter.
Setting OS parameters.
Successfully set OS parameters.
Warning: Installation environment contains some warning messages.
Please get more details by "/soft/script/gs_checkos -i A -h lhropengauss --detail".
Set and check OS parameter completed.
Preparing CRON service.
Successfully prepared CRON service.
Setting user environmental variables.
Successfully set user environmental variables.
Setting the dynamic link library.
Successfully set the dynamic link library.
Setting Core file
Successfully set core path.
Setting pssh path
Successfully set pssh path.
Setting Cgroup.
Successfully set Cgroup.
Set ARM Optimization.
No need to set ARM Optimization.
Fixing server package owner.
Setting finish flag.
Successfully set finish flag.
Preinstallation succeeded.
[root@lhropengauss script]# /soft/script/gs_checkos -i A -h lhropengauss --detail
Checking items:
    A1. [ OS version status ]                                   : Normal     
        [lhropengauss]
        centos_7.6.1810_64bit
      
    A2. [ Kernel version status ]                               : Normal     
        The names about all kernel versions are same. The value is "3.10.0-1127.10.1.el7.x86_64".
    A3. [ Unicode status ]                                      : Normal     
        The values of all unicode are same. The value is "LANG=en_US.UTF-8".
    A4. [ Time zone status ]                                    : Normal     
        The informations about all timezones are same. The value is "+0800".
    A5. [ Swap memory status ]                                  : Normal     
        The value about swap memory is correct.            
    A6. [ System control parameters status ]                    : Normal     
        All values about system control  parameters are correct.
    A7. [ File system configuration status ]                    : Normal     
        Both soft nofile and hard nofile are correct.      
    A8. [ Disk configuration status ]                           : Normal     
        The value about XFS mount parameters is correct.   
    A9. [ Pre-read block size status ]                          : Normal     
        The value about Logical block size is correct.     
    A10.[ IO scheduler status ]                                 : Normal     
        The value of IO scheduler is correct.              
BondMode Null
    A11.[ Network card configuration status ]                   : Warning    
        [lhropengauss]
BondMode Null
        Warning reason: Failed to obtain the network card TXRX value in docker container. Commands for obtain the network card TXRX: /sbin/ethtool -g eth0 | grep 'RX:' | tail -n 2. Error: 
Cannot get device ring settings: Operation not supported
        Warning reason: Failed to obtain the network card TXRX value in docker container. Commands for obtain the network card TXRX: /sbin/ethtool -g eth0 | grep 'TX:' | tail -n 2. Error: 
Cannot get device ring settings: Operation not supported
        Warning reason: network 'eth0' 'mtu' RealValue '1500' ExpectedValue '8192'

    A12.[ Time consistency status ]                             : Normal     
        The ntpd service is started, local time is "2022-01-06 15:52:40".
    A13.[ Firewall service status ]                             : Normal     
        The firewall service is stopped.                   
    A14.[ THP service status ]                                  : Normal     
        The THP service is stopped.                        
Total numbers:14. Abnormal numbers:0. Warning numbers:1.

[root@lhropengauss script]# su - omm
Last login: Thu Jan  6 15:51:34 CST 2022 on pts/0
[omm@lhropengauss data]$ gs_install -X /soft/clusterconfig.xml
Parsing the configuration file.
Check preinstall on every node.
Successfully checked preinstall on every node.
Creating the backup directory.
Successfully created the backup directory.
begin deploy..
Installing the cluster.
begin prepare Install Cluster..
Checking the installation environment on all nodes.
begin install Cluster..
Installing applications on all nodes.
Successfully installed APP.
begin init Instance..
encrypt cipher and rand files for database.
Please enter password for database:
Please repeat for database:
begin to create CA cert files
The sslcert will be generated in /opengauss/app/share/sslcert/om
Cluster installation is completed.
Configuring.
Deleting instances from all nodes.
Successfully deleted instances from all nodes.
Checking node configuration on all nodes.
Initializing instances on all nodes.
Updating instance configuration on all nodes.
Check consistence of memCheck and coresCheck on database nodes.
Configuring pg_hba on all nodes.
Configuration is completed.
Successfully started cluster.
Successfully installed application.
end deploy..
[omm@lhropengauss data]$ gs_ctl status
[2022-01-06 16:26:56.451][12455][][gs_ctl]: gs_ctl status,datadir is /opengauss/data/db1 
gs_ctl: server is running (PID: 11524)
/opengauss/app/bin/gaussdb "-D" "/opengauss/data/db1"

[omm@lhropengauss ~]$ gs_om -t status
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

cluster_name    : gsCluster
cluster_state   : Normal
redistributing  : No

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
[omm@lhropengauss ~]$ gs_ctl status  
[2022-01-06 16:55:27.824][21116][][gs_ctl]: gs_ctl status,datadir is /opengauss/data/db1 
gs_ctl: server is running (PID: 20111)
/opengauss/app/bin/gaussdb "-D" "/opengauss/data/db1"

[omm@lhropengauss db1]$ gs_om -t status --detail
[   Cluster State   ]

cluster_state   : Normal
redistributing  : No
current_az      : AZ_ALL

[  Datanode State   ]

    node        node_ip         port      instance                    state
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1  lhropengauss 127.0.0.1       5432       6001 /opengauss/data/db1   P Primary Normal

[omm@lhropengauss ~]$ gsql -d postgres
gsql ((openGauss 2.1.0 build 590b0f8e) compiled at 2021-09-30 14:29:04 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

openGauss=# \l
                          List of databases
   Name    | Owner | Encoding  | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges 
-----------+-------+-----------+---------+-------+-------------------
 postgres  | omm   | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | 
 template0 | omm   | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |       |           |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
 template1 | omm   | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |       |           |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
(3 rows)

openGauss=# create database omm;
CREATE DATABASE
openGauss=# \l
                          List of databases
   Name    | Owner | Encoding  | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges 
-----------+-------+-----------+---------+-------+-------------------
 omm       | omm   | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | 
 postgres  | omm   | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | 
 template0 | omm   | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |       |           |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
 template1 | omm   | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |       |           |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
(4 rows)

C:\Users\lhrxxt>psql -d postgres -U lhr  -h 192.168.66.35 -p25432
Password for user lhr:
psql (14.0, server 9.2.4)
SSL connection (protocol: TLSv1.3, cipher: TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, bits: 256, compression: off)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=> \l
                          List of databases
   Name    | Owner | Encoding  | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+-------+-----------+---------+-------+-------------------
 omm       | omm   | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     |
 postgres  | omm   | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     |
 template0 | omm   | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |       |           |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
 template1 | omm   | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |       |           |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
(4 rows)

gsql客户端安装

mkdir /usr/local/gsql_client
cd /usr/local/gsql_client

wget https://obs.myhuaweicloud.com/dws/download/dws_client_8.1.x_redhat_x64.zip --no-check-certificate
unzip dws_client_8.1.x_redhat_x64.zip

source gsql_env.sh


cat >>  ~/.bashrc <<"EOF"
export PATH=/usr/local/gsql_client/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/gsql_client/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
EOF

source  ~/.bashrc


gsql -d postgres -U gaussdb  -W'lhr@123XXT' -h 192.168.66.35 -p15432 -r

-- 用psql也可以登陆
psql -d postgres -U gaussdb  -h 192.168.66.35 -p15432

注意：psql和gsql的lib库不兼容，参考：https://www.xmmup.com/guzhangchulipsqlkehuduanlianjiepgbaocuopsql-error-expected-authentication-request-from-serv.html

若只是客户端，则建议如下配置：

cat >  ~/.gsql_env <<"EOF"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/gsql_client/lib
export PATH=/usr/local/gsql_client/bin:$PATH
EOF

source ~/.gsql_env 

使用：

[root@docker35 ~]# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/gsql_client/lib
[root@docker35 ~]# export PATH=/usr/local/gsql_client/bin:$PATH
[root@docker35 ~]# gsql -d postgres -U gaussdb  -W'lhr@123XXT' -h 192.168.66.35 -p15432 -r
gsql ((GaussDB 8.1.0 build be03b9a0) compiled at 2021-03-12 14:18:02 commit 1237 last mr 2001 release)
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=> \l
                              List of databases
   Name    | Owner | Encoding |   Collate   |    Ctype    | Access privileges 
-----------+-------+----------+-------------+-------------+-------------------
 omm       | omm   | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | 
 postgres  | omm   | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | 
 template0 | omm   | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/omm           +
           |       |          |             |             | omm=CTc/omm
 template1 | omm   | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/omm           +
           |       |          |             |             | omm=CTc/omm
(4 rows)

postgres=> 

html巡检

巡检可以参考：https://www.xmmup.com/opengaussshujukuxunjianjiaoben.html

卸载openGauss工具之gs_uninstall

openGauss提供了gs_uninstall工具来帮助完成openGauss的卸载。

语法

• 卸载openGauss

  gs_uninstall [--delete-data] [-L] [-l LOGFILE]
  

• 显示帮助信息

  gs_uninstall -? | --help
  

• 显示版本号信息

  gs_uninstall -V | --version
  

参数说明

• –delete-data

  删除数据文件。

• -L

只卸载本地主机。如果openGauss内某主机做单点卸载后，openGauss不能再做全量卸载。

说明：

由于在执行gs_uninstall时，系统自动会删除openGauss相关目录。因此建议用户通过该参数指定日志文件到非openGauss相关路径。

• -l

指定日志文件名及路径。在内部会自动给日志名添加一个时间戳。

当既不明确指定-l，又不在XML文件中配置gaussdbLogPath时，默认值为：“/var/log/gaussdb/om/gs_local-YYYY-MMDD_hhmmss.log”。

说明： 由于在执行gs_uninstall后，系统会自动删除openGauss相关目录（包含$GAUSSLOG目录）。因此建议用户通过该参数指定日志文件到非openGauss相关路径。

• -?, –help

  显示帮助信息。

• -V, –version

  显示版本号信息。

示例

使用数据库用户执行gs_uninstall脚本进行卸载openGauss。

[root@docker35 ~]# gs_uninstall --delete-data
Checking uninstallation.
Successfully checked uninstallation.
Stopping the cluster.
Successfully stopped the cluster.
Successfully deleted instances.
Uninstalling application.
Successfully uninstalled application.
Uninstallation succeeded.