C++案例：C++版生命游戏
【摘要】
目录
一、生命游戏
1、生命游戏概述
2、生命演化规则：B3/S23
二、生命游戏C++实现
1、编写头文件life.h
2、编写C++程序life.cpp
3、编写头文件utility.h
4、编写程序文件utility.cpp
5、编写主程序文件main.cpp
6、运行程序，查看结果
三、尝试生命游戏其它初始...
目录
一、生命游戏
1、生命游戏概述
在研究元胞自动机理论过程中，Conway发明生命游戏(Game of Life、GoL)，在上个世纪七十年代风靡一时。
这是0人游戏，即按照初始的设置，游戏自动演化。在类似围棋的棋盘中，每一个格子可以是空格或者存在一个生命/细胞/Cell；每一个格子有8个相邻的格子(正上方、正下方、右侧、左侧、左上方、右上方、左下方以及右下方)，相邻的格子中存活的生命数量称为其邻居(neighbor)数。在世代交替时，所有的格子根据其邻居数，诞生新生命、Cell保持存活或者Cell死亡。
2、生命演化规则：B3/S23
- 一个生命如果恰好有2个或3个邻居，它会存活到下一个世代；否则，会因为孤独或拥挤而死亡。
- 一个空格，如果恰好有3个邻居，则诞生一个新生命。
二、生命游戏C++实现
在Dev C++里创建项目TheGameOfLife，创建头文件与C++源文件，如下图所示：
1、编写头文件life.h
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const int maxrow = 20, maxcol = 60; // grid dimensions
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class Life {
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public:
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void initialize();
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void print();
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void update();
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private:
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int grid[maxrow + 2][maxcol + 2]; // allows for two extra rows and columns
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int neighbor_count(int row, int col);
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};
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#define DONE
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#include "life.cpp"
2、编写C++程序life.cpp
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#ifdef DONE
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void Life::initialize()
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/*Pre: None
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Post: The Life object contains a configuration specified by the user.*/
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{
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int row, col;
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for (row = 0; row <= maxrow + 1; row++)
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for (col = 0; col <= maxcol + 1; col++)
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grid[row][col] = 0;
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cout << "List the coordinates for living cells." << endl;
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cout << "Terminate the list with the special pair -1 -1" << endl;
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cin >> row >> col;
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while (row != -1 || col != -1) {
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if (row >=1 && row <= maxrow)
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if (col >=1 && col <= maxcol)
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grid[row][col] = 1;
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else
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cout << "Column " << col << " is out of range." << endl;
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else
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cout << "Row " << row << " is out of range." << endl;
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cin >> row >> col;
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}
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}
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void Life::print()
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/*Pre: The Life object contains a configuration.
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Post: The configuration is written for the user.*/
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{
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int row, col;
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cout << "\nThe current Life configuration is:" << endl;
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for (row = 1; row <= maxrow; row++) {
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for (col = 1; col <= maxcol; col++)
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if (grid[row][col] == 1) cout << '*';
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else cout << ' ';
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cout << endl;
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}
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cout << endl;
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}
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void Life::update()
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/*Pre: The Life object contains a configuration
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Post: The Life object contains the next generation of configuration.*/
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{
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int row, col;
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int new_grid[maxrow + 2][maxcol + 2];
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for (row = 1; row <= maxrow; row++)
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for (col = 1; col <= maxcol; col++)
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switch(neighbor_count(row, col)) {
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case 2:
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new_grid[row][col] = grid[row][col]; // Status stays the same.
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break;
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case 3:
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new_grid[row][col] = 1; // Cell is alive.
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break;
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default:
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new_grid[row][col] = 0; // Cell is dead.
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}
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for (row = 1; row <= maxrow; row++)
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for (col = 1; col <= maxcol; col++)
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grid[row][col] = new_grid[row][col];
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}
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int Life::neighbor_count(int row, int col)
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/*Pre: The Life object contains a configuration, and the coordinates row and col
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define a cell inside its hedge.
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Post: The number of living neighbors of the specified cell is returned.*/
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{
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int i, j;
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int count = 0;
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for (i = row - 1; i <= row + 1; i++)
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for (j = col - 1; j <= col + 1; j++)
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count += grid[i][j]; // Increase the count if neighbor is alive.
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count -= grid[row][col]; // Reduce count, since cell is not its own neighbor.
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return count;
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}
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#endif
3、编写头文件utility.h
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#include <iostream>
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#include <istream>
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using namespace std;
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#include "life.h"
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void instructions();
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bool user_says_yes();
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#define DONE
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#include "utility.cpp"
4、编写程序文件utility.cpp
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#ifdef DONE
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void instructions()
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/*Pre: None.
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Post: Instructions for using the Life program have been printed.*/
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{
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cout << "Welcome to Conway's game of Life." << endl;
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cout << "This game uses a grid of size " << maxrow << " by " << maxcol << " in which " << endl;
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cout << "each cell can either be occupied by an organism or not." << endl;
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cout << "The occupied cells change from generation to generation" << endl;
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cout << "according to the number of neighboring cells which are alive." << endl;
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}
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bool user_says_yes()
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{
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int c;
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bool initial_response = true;
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do { // Loop until an appropriate input is received.
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if (initial_response)
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cout << " (y,n)? " << flush;
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else
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cout << "Respond with either y or n: " << flush;
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do { // Ignore white space.
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c = cin.get();
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} while (c == '\n' || c == ' ' || c == '\t');
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initial_response = false;
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} while (c != 'y' && c != 'Y' && c != 'n' && c != 'N');
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return(c == 'y' || c == 'Y');
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}
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#endif
5、编写主程序文件main.cpp
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#include "utility.h"
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int main() // Program to play Conway's game of Life
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/*Pre: The user supplies an initial configuration of living cells.
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Post: The program prints a sequence of pictures showing the changes in the
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configuration of living cells according to the rules for the game of Life.
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Uses: The class Life and its methods initialize(), print(), and update().
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The functions instructions(); user_says_yes().*/
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{
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Life configuration;
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instructions();
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configuration.initialize();
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cout << "count = " << configuration.neighbor_count(2, 3) << endl;
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configuration.print();
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cout << "Continue viewing new generations? " << endl;
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while (user_says_yes()) {
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configuration.update();
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configuration.print();
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cout << "Continue viewing new generations? " << endl;
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}
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return 0;
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}
6、运行程序，查看结果
三、尝试生命游戏其它初始布局
文章来源: howard2005.blog.csdn.net，作者：howard2005，版权归原作者所有，如需转载，请联系作者。
原文链接：howard2005.blog.csdn.net/article/details/79294248
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