C/C++程序开发: cJSON的使用(创建与解析JSON数据)
一、cJSON介绍
cJSON 是一个超轻巧,携带方便,单文件,可以作为 ANSI-C 标准的 JSON 解析器,是一个用C语言编写的简单好用的JSON解析器;它只包含一个C文件和一个头文件,可以非常容易集成到自己工程项目中。
并且cJSON是用ANSI C(C89)编写的,可以兼容所有支持C语言的平台和编译器。
cJSON下载地址: cJSON download | SourceForge.nethttps://sourceforge.net/projects/cjson/
cJSON的GitHub仓库地址:
https://github.com/DaveGamble/cJSONhttps://github.com/DaveGamble/cJSON
二、JSON简介、语法介绍
2.1 JSON是什么?
JSON是JavaScript Object Notation(JavaScript对象表示法),是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。
JSON主要是用来存储和交换文本信息,类似XML格式;但是JSON比XML更小、更快,更易解析。
JSON是基于ECMAScript (欧洲计算机协会制定的js规范)的一个子集,采用完全独立于编程语言的文本格式来存储和表示数据。
简洁和清晰的层次结构使得 JSON 成为理想的数据交换语言。 易于人阅读和编写,同时也易于机器解析和生成,并有效地提升网络传输效率。 比如: Web服务器接口基本都是采用JSON反馈数据,采用JSON格式字符串来描述符信息。 JSON文件的后缀一般是.json,这个只是为了方便辨识。
简单的说,JSON就是按照指定格式序列化的字符串,就算不使用任何现成的解析库,自己也可以按照正常解析字符串的思路去解析;有现成的标准JSON解析库,那就大大减轻了我们的工作量。
JSON格式的数据示例: 这是表示当前时间的JSON字符串
-
{
-
"success": "1",
-
"result": {
-
"timestamp": "1631849514",
-
"datetime_1": "2021-09-17 20:31:54",
-
"datetime_2": "2021年09月17日 20时31分54秒",
-
"week_1": "5",
-
"week_2": "星期五",
-
"week_3": "周五",
-
"week_4": "Friday"
-
}
-
}
JSON格式的数据示例: 这是表示未来几天天气预报的json字符串
-
{
-
"success": "1",
-
"result": [
-
{
-
"weaid": "1",
-
"days": "2021-09-17",
-
"week": "星期五",
-
"cityno": "beijing",
-
"citynm": "北京",
-
"cityid": "101010100",
-
"temperature": "26℃/17℃",
-
"humidity": "0%/0%",
-
"weather": "晴",
-
"weather_icon": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/0.gif",
-
"weather_icon1": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/n/0.gif",
-
"wind": "北风转西南风",
-
"winp": "小于3级",
-
"temp_high": "26",
-
"temp_low": "17",
-
"humi_high": "0",
-
"humi_low": "0",
-
"weatid": "1",
-
"weatid1": "1",
-
"windid": "8",
-
"winpid": "0",
-
"weather_iconid": "0",
-
"weather_iconid1": "0"
-
},
-
{
-
"weaid": "1",
-
"days": "2021-09-18",
-
"week": "星期六",
-
"cityno": "beijing",
-
"citynm": "北京",
-
"cityid": "101010100",
-
"temperature": "25℃/17℃",
-
"humidity": "0%/0%",
-
"weather": "多云",
-
"weather_icon": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/1.gif",
-
"weather_icon1": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/n/1.gif",
-
"wind": "西南风",
-
"winp": "小于3级",
-
"temp_high": "25",
-
"temp_low": "17",
-
"humi_high": "0",
-
"humi_low": "0",
-
"weatid": "2",
-
"weatid1": "2",
-
"windid": "5",
-
"winpid": "0",
-
"weather_iconid": "1",
-
"weather_iconid1": "1"
-
},
-
{
-
"weaid": "1",
-
"days": "2021-09-19",
-
"week": "星期日",
-
"cityno": "beijing",
-
"citynm": "北京",
-
"cityid": "101010100",
-
"temperature": "19℃/15℃",
-
"humidity": "0%/0%",
-
"weather": "小雨转中雨",
-
"weather_icon": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/7.gif",
-
"weather_icon1": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/n/8.gif",
-
"wind": "西南风转北风",
-
"winp": "小于3级转小于3级",
-
"temp_high": "19",
-
"temp_low": "15",
-
"humi_high": "0",
-
"humi_low": "0",
-
"weatid": "8",
-
"weatid1": "9",
-
"windid": "5",
-
"winpid": "0",
-
"weather_iconid": "7",
-
"weather_iconid1": "8"
-
},
-
{
-
"weaid": "1",
-
"days": "2021-09-20",
-
"week": "星期一",
-
"cityno": "beijing",
-
"citynm": "北京",
-
"cityid": "101010100",
-
"temperature": "26℃/16℃",
-
"humidity": "0%/0%",
-
"weather": "多云转晴",
-
"weather_icon": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/1.gif",
-
"weather_icon1": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/n/0.gif",
-
"wind": "北风",
-
"winp": "3-4级转3-4级",
-
"temp_high": "26",
-
"temp_low": "16",
-
"humi_high": "0",
-
"humi_low": "0",
-
"weatid": "2",
-
"weatid1": "1",
-
"windid": "8",
-
"winpid": "1",
-
"weather_iconid": "1",
-
"weather_iconid1": "0"
-
},
-
{
-
"weaid": "1",
-
"days": "2021-09-21",
-
"week": "星期二",
-
"cityno": "beijing",
-
"citynm": "北京",
-
"cityid": "101010100",
-
"temperature": "27℃/16℃",
-
"humidity": "0%/0%",
-
"weather": "晴",
-
"weather_icon": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/0.gif",
-
"weather_icon1": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/n/0.gif",
-
"wind": "西北风转北风",
-
"winp": "小于3级",
-
"temp_high": "27",
-
"temp_low": "16",
-
"humi_high": "0",
-
"humi_low": "0",
-
"weatid": "1",
-
"weatid1": "1",
-
"windid": "7",
-
"winpid": "0",
-
"weather_iconid": "0",
-
"weather_iconid1": "0"
-
},
-
{
-
"weaid": "1",
-
"days": "2021-09-22",
-
"week": "星期三",
-
"cityno": "beijing",
-
"citynm": "北京",
-
"cityid": "101010100",
-
"temperature": "26℃/18℃",
-
"humidity": "0%/0%",
-
"weather": "多云",
-
"weather_icon": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/1.gif",
-
"weather_icon1": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/n/1.gif",
-
"wind": "北风转东北风",
-
"winp": "小于3级",
-
"temp_high": "26",
-
"temp_low": "18",
-
"humi_high": "0",
-
"humi_low": "0",
-
"weatid": "2",
-
"weatid1": "2",
-
"windid": "8",
-
"winpid": "0",
-
"weather_iconid": "1",
-
"weather_iconid1": "1"
-
},
-
{
-
"weaid": "1",
-
"days": "2021-09-23",
-
"week": "星期四",
-
"cityno": "beijing",
-
"citynm": "北京",
-
"cityid": "101010100",
-
"temperature": "24℃/16℃",
-
"humidity": "0%/0%",
-
"weather": "多云",
-
"weather_icon": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/1.gif",
-
"weather_icon1": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/n/1.gif",
-
"wind": "东北风",
-
"winp": "小于3级",
-
"temp_high": "24",
-
"temp_low": "16",
-
"humi_high": "0",
-
"humi_low": "0",
-
"weatid": "2",
-
"weatid1": "2",
-
"windid": "1",
-
"winpid": "0",
-
"weather_iconid": "1",
-
"weather_iconid1": "1"
-
}
-
]
-
}
2.2 JSON语法介绍
JSON里就分为两种结构: 对象和数组,通过这两种结构可以表示各种复杂的结构。
JSON语法规则
1. 大括号 { } 用来保存对象
2. 中括号 [ ] 用来保存数组,数组里也可以包含多个对象,对象里又可以包含数组,可以嵌套
3. JSON的值表示语法: key : value --> "width": 1280
4. 多个数据由逗号分隔: {"width": 1920,"height": 1080}
JSON值可以是以下几种类型:
1. 数字(整数或浮点数)
2. 字符串(在双引号中)
3. 逻辑值(true 或 false)
4. 数组(在中括号中)
5. 对象(在大括号中)
6. null (空值)
三、cJSON创建简单JSON数据并解析
3.1 新建工程
这是下载下来的cJSON源文件,将它加到自己工程中即可。
我这里使用VS2017建立工程,演示实例。
建好工程之后,将文件添加到工程里:
在VS2017里使用C语言的字符串处理函数会报错,提示不安全;
1>d:\linux-share-dir\vs2017\console_cjsontest\console_cjsontest\cjson.c(155): error C4996: 'strcpy': This function or variable may be unsafe. Consider using strcpy_s instead. To disable deprecation, use _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS. See online help for details.
解决办法是:找到【项目属性】,点击【C++】里的【预处理器】,对【预处理器】进行编辑,在里面加入一段代码:_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS。
3.2 创建JSON数据
接下来目标是使用cJSON创建出下面这样一个JSON格式数据:
-
{
-
"text": "我是一个字符串数据",
-
"number": 666,
-
"state1": false,
-
"state2": true,
-
"state3": null
-
}
示例代码如下:
-
#include <iostream>
-
-
//因为当前工程使用的是cpp后缀文件,引用C语言的文件需要使用下面的这种方式
-
extern "C" {
-
#include <string.h>
-
#include <stdio.h>
-
#include "cJSON.h"
-
}
-
-
int main()
-
{
-
//1. 创建cJSON对象
-
cJSON* root = cJSON_CreateObject();
-
-
//2. 创建数据
-
cJSON_AddStringToObject(root, "text","我是一个字符串数据");
-
cJSON_AddNumberToObject(root,"number",666);
-
cJSON_AddBoolToObject(root, "state1", cJSON_False);
-
cJSON_AddBoolToObject(root, "state2", cJSON_True);
-
cJSON_AddNullToObject(root, "state3");
-
-
//3. 打印生成的结果
-
char *json_data=cJSON_PrintUnformatted(root);
-
printf("%s\n",json_data);
-
-
//4. 释放空间
-
cJSON_Delete(root);
-
return 0;
-
}
-
3.3 解析JSON数据
-
#include <iostream>
-
-
//因为当前工程使用的是cpp后缀文件,引用C语言的文件需要使用下面的这种方式
-
extern "C" {
-
#include <string.h>
-
#include <stdio.h>
-
#include "cJSON.h"
-
}
-
-
//将要解析的JSON数据.
-
char data[] =
-
"{"
-
"\"text\": \"我是一个字符串数据\","
-
"\"number\" : 666,"
-
"\"state1\" : false,"
-
"\"state2\" : true,"
-
"\"state3\" : null"
-
"}";
-
-
-
int main()
-
{
-
//1. 载入JSON数据
-
cJSON* root = cJSON_Parse(data);
-
if (root == NULL)return 0;
-
-
//2. 解析字段
-
cJSON* item;
-
-
item=cJSON_GetObjectItem(root,"text");
-
if (item)
-
{
-
printf("text=%s\n",item->valuestring);
-
}
-
-
item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "number");
-
if (item)
-
{
-
printf("text=%d\n", item->valueint);
-
}
-
-
item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "state1");
-
if (item)
-
{
-
printf("state1=%d\n", item->valueint);
-
}
-
-
item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "state2");
-
if (item)
-
{
-
printf("state2=%d\n", item->valueint);
-
}
-
-
item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "state3");
-
if (item)
-
{
-
printf("state3=%d\n", item->valueint);
-
}
-
-
//3. 释放空间
-
cJSON_Delete(root);
-
return 0;
-
}
-
四、cJSON创建嵌套的对象数据
目标: 使用cJSON创建出下面这样一个JSON格式数据
-
{
-
"data1": {
-
"text": "我是一个字符串数据1",
-
"number": 666,
-
"state1": false,
-
"state2": true,
-
"state3": null
-
},
-
"data2": {
-
"text": "我是一个字符串数据2",
-
"number": 666,
-
"state1": false,
-
"state2": true,
-
"state3": null
-
}
-
}
4.1 创建json数据
-
#include <iostream>
-
-
//因为当前工程使用的是cpp后缀文件,引用C语言的文件需要使用下面的这种方式
-
extern "C" {
-
#include <string.h>
-
#include <stdio.h>
-
#include "cJSON.h"
-
}
-
-
int main()
-
{
-
//1. 创建cJSON对象
-
cJSON* root = cJSON_CreateObject();
-
-
//2. 创建对象数据1
-
cJSON* item1 = cJSON_CreateObject();
-
cJSON_AddStringToObject(item1, "text","我是一个字符串数据1");
-
cJSON_AddNumberToObject(item1,"number",666);
-
cJSON_AddBoolToObject(item1, "state1", cJSON_False);
-
cJSON_AddBoolToObject(item1, "state2", cJSON_True);
-
cJSON_AddNullToObject(item1, "state3");
-
cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "data1", item1);
-
-
//3. 创建对象数据2
-
cJSON* item2 = cJSON_CreateObject();
-
cJSON_AddStringToObject(item2, "text", "我是一个字符串数据2");
-
cJSON_AddNumberToObject(item2, "number", 666);
-
cJSON_AddBoolToObject(item2, "state1", cJSON_False);
-
cJSON_AddBoolToObject(item2, "state2", cJSON_True);
-
cJSON_AddNullToObject(item2, "state3");
-
cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "data2", item2);
-
-
//3. 打印生成的结果
-
char *json_data=cJSON_PrintUnformatted(root);
-
printf("%s\n",json_data);
-
-
//4. 释放空间
-
cJSON_Delete(root);
-
return 0;
-
}
-
4.2 解析JSON数据
-
#include <iostream>
-
-
//因为当前工程使用的是cpp后缀文件,引用C语言的文件需要使用下面的这种方式
-
extern "C" {
-
#include <string.h>
-
#include <stdio.h>
-
#include "cJSON.h"
-
}
-
-
//将要解析的JSON数据.
-
char data[] =
-
"{"
-
"\"data1\": {"
-
"\"text\": \"我是一个字符串数据1\","
-
"\"number\" : 666,"
-
"\"state1\" : false,"
-
"\"state2\" : true,"
-
"\"state3\" : null"
-
"},"
-
"\"data2\": {"
-
"\"text\":\"我是一个字符串数据2\","
-
"\"number\" : 666,"
-
"\"state1\" : false,"
-
"\"state2\" : true,"
-
"\"state3\" : null"
-
"}"
-
"}";
-
-
int main()
-
{
-
//1. 载入JSON数据
-
cJSON* root = cJSON_Parse(data);
-
if (root == NULL)return 0;
-
-
//2. 解析字段
-
cJSON* item;
-
-
item=cJSON_GetObjectItem(root,"data1");
-
if (item)
-
{
-
cJSON *obj;
-
obj=cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "text");
-
if (obj)
-
{
-
printf("text=%s\n", obj->valuestring);
-
}
-
-
obj=cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "number");
-
if (obj)
-
{
-
printf("number=%d\n", obj->valueint);
-
}
-
-
obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "state1");
-
if (obj)
-
{
-
printf("state1=%d\n", obj->valueint);
-
}
-
-
obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "state2");
-
if (obj)
-
{
-
printf("state2=%d\n", obj->valueint);
-
}
-
-
obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "state3");
-
if (obj)
-
{
-
printf("state3=%d\n", obj->valueint);
-
}
-
}
-
-
item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "data2");
-
if (item)
-
{
-
cJSON *obj;
-
obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "text");
-
if (obj)
-
{
-
printf("text=%s\n", obj->valuestring);
-
}
-
-
obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "number");
-
if (obj)
-
{
-
printf("number=%d\n", obj->valueint);
-
}
-
-
obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "state1");
-
if (obj)
-
{
-
printf("state1=%d\n", obj->valueint);
-
}
-
-
obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "state2");
-
if (obj)
-
{
-
printf("state2=%d\n", obj->valueint);
-
}
-
-
obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "state3");
-
if (obj)
-
{
-
printf("state3=%d\n", obj->valueint);
-
}
-
}
-
-
//3. 释放空间
-
cJSON_Delete(root);
-
return 0;
-
}
-
五、cJSON带数组的JSON数据
目标: 使用cJSON创建出下面这样一个JSON格式数据
-
{
-
"text": [
-
{
-
"width": 1280,
-
"height": 720
-
},
-
{
-
"width": 1920,
-
"height": 1080
-
},
-
{
-
"width": 3840,
-
"height": 2160
-
}
-
]
-
}
5.1 创建json数据
-
#include <iostream>
-
-
//因为当前工程使用的是cpp后缀文件,引用C语言的文件需要使用下面的这种方式
-
extern "C" {
-
#include <string.h>
-
#include <stdio.h>
-
#include "cJSON.h"
-
}
-
-
int main()
-
{
-
cJSON *width = NULL;
-
cJSON *height = NULL;
-
int i;
-
const unsigned int resolution_numbers[3][2] = {
-
{1280, 720},
-
{1920, 1080},
-
{3840, 2160}
-
};
-
-
//1. 创建cJSON对象
-
cJSON* root = cJSON_CreateObject();
-
-
//2. 创建数组对象
-
cJSON *array = cJSON_CreateArray();
-
cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "text", array);
-
-
for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(resolution_numbers) / (2 * sizeof(int))); ++i)
-
{
-
cJSON *obj = cJSON_CreateObject();
-
cJSON_AddItemToArray(array, obj);
-
-
width = cJSON_CreateNumber(resolution_numbers[i][0]);
-
cJSON_AddItemToObject(obj, "width", width);
-
-
height = cJSON_CreateNumber(resolution_numbers[i][1]);
-
cJSON_AddItemToObject(obj, "height", height);
-
}
-
-
//3. 打印生成的结果
-
char *json_data=cJSON_PrintUnformatted(root);
-
printf("%s\n",json_data);
-
-
//4. 释放空间
-
cJSON_Delete(root);
-
return 0;
-
}
-
5.2 解析JSON数据
-
#include <iostream>
-
-
//因为当前工程使用的是cpp后缀文件,引用C语言的文件需要使用下面的这种方式
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extern "C" {
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#include <string.h>
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include "cJSON.h"
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}
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//将要解析的JSON数据.
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char data[] =
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"{"
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"\"text\": ["
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"{"
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"\"width\": 1280,"
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"\"height\" : 720"
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"},"
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"{"
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"\"width\": 1920,"
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"\"height\" : 1080"
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"},"
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"{"
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"\"width\": 3840,"
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"\"height\" : 2160"
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"}"
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"]"
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"}";
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int main()
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{
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//1. 载入JSON数据
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cJSON* root = cJSON_Parse(data);
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if (root == NULL)return 0;
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//2. 解析字段
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cJSON* item;
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int i;
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item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "text");
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if (item)
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{
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//获取数组的大小
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int ArraySize = cJSON_GetArraySize(item);
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//解析数组的里的每个成员
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for (i = 0; i < ArraySize; i++)
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{
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//取出数组下标对象
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cJSON *array_item = cJSON_GetArrayItem(item, i);
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if (array_item == NULL)continue;
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//解析数据
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cJSON *obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(array_item, "width");
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if (obj)
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{
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printf("width=%d\n",obj->valueint);
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}
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obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(array_item, "height");
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if (obj)
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{
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printf("height=%d\n", obj->valueint);
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}
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}
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}
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//3. 释放空间
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cJSON_Delete(root);
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return 0;
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}
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文章来源: xiaolong.blog.csdn.net,作者:DS小龙哥,版权归原作者所有,如需转载,请联系作者。
原文链接:xiaolong.blog.csdn.net/article/details/120345217
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