Python画图基础操作之全注释画雪人

一步步教你怎么用Python画雪人，进一步熟悉Python的基础画图操作，废话不多说，上代码。

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      class Shape:     # 基类(雪人各部件（形状）共有的属性)
         def __init__(self, cvns, points, fill):     # 构造方法 画布 位置坐标 颜色
               self.cvns = cvns                 # 画布
               self.points = points             # 坐标（x1, y1, x2, y2）
               self.fill = fill
               self.pid = None                  # 当前图形的id
         def delete(self):         # 删除图形
              if self.pid:
                   self.cvns.delete(self.pid)
      class ShapeAngles(Shape):     # 继承基类(增加了角度）)
         def __init__(self, cvns, points, fill, angles=(10, 170)):        # angles:角度值,带默认参数
             super(ShapeAngles, self).__init__(cvns, points, fill)   # 调用基类构造: cvns,points,fill
              self.angles = {'start':angles[0], 'extent':angles[1]}  # 构造自己的属性：angles
      class HatTop(Shape):      # 帽子顶部
         def draw(self):
      # self.pid = self.cvns.create_oval(self.points, fill='white') # 椭圆形
              self.pid = self.cvns.create_oval(self.points, fill=self.fill)       # 椭圆形
      class HatBottom(Shape):    # 帽子底部
         def draw(self):
              self.pid = self.cvns.create_polygon(self.points)     # 绘多边形的方法
      class Hat:         # 帽子整体（组合顶部和底部）
         def __init__(self, cvns, start_point, fill, w, h):    # w,h是帽子的宽、高
              self.cvns = cvns                            # 初始化
              self.start_point = start_point
              self.w = w
              self.fill = fill
              self.h = h
              self.ht = HatTop(self.cvns, self.ht_cacu(), fill=self.fill)        # 实例化顶部
              self.hb = HatBottom(self.cvns, self.hb_cacu(), self.fill)         # 实例化底部
         def draw(self):                # 绘制
              self.ht.draw()              # 调用顶部方法绘制
              self.hb.draw()              # 调用底部方法绘制
         def delete(self):
             self.ht.delete()
            # self.hb.delete()
         def ht_cacu(self):             # 计算顶部坐标
              r = self.h / 3 / 2
              x1 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2 - r
              y1 = self.start_point[1] + 20 - r
              x2 = x1 + 2 * r
              y2 = y1 + 2 * r
             return x1, y1, x2, y2
         def hb_cacu(self):              # 计算底部坐标(三角形的三个点的坐标)
              x1 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2
              y1 = self.start_point[1] + self.h / 3
              x2 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 3
              y2 = self.start_point[1] + self.h + 13
              x3 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 3 * 2
              y3 = y2
             return x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3
      class Sense(ShapeAngles):                # 五官(眼、口扇形图形)
         def draw(self):
              self.pid = self.cvns.create_arc(*self.points, **self.angles, fill='red')    # 绘制弧线
      class Face(HatTop):   # 脸
         pass
      class Head:         # 头部
         def __init__(self, cvns, start_point, fill, w, h):    # 此处的w,h是头的
              self.cvns = cvns
              self.start_point = start_point
              self.fill = fill
              self.w = w
              self.h = h
              eye0_points = self.eye0_cacu()     # 眼睛1坐标
              dx = self.h / 3 + self.h / 9
              eye1_points = (eye0_points[0] + dx, eye0_points[1],    # 眼睛2坐标
                             eye0_points[2] + dx, eye0_points[3])
              self.face = Face(self.cvns, self.face_cacu(), self.fill)          # 脸：带参数的实例
              self.eye0 = Sense(self.cvns, eye0_points, fill='blue')              # 眼1：带参数的实例
              self.eye1 = Sense(self.cvns, eye1_points, self.fill)              # 眼2：带参数的实例
              self.mouth = Sense(self.cvns, self.mouth_cacu(), (-10, -170))  # 口：带参数的实例
         def draw(self):
             # 绘制脸部各部位
              self.face.draw()
              self.eye0.draw()
              self.eye1.draw()
              self.mouth.draw()
         def face_cacu(self):             # 脸坐标计算
              x1 = self.start_point[0] + (self.w - self.h) / 2
              y1 = self.start_point[1]
              x2 = x1 + self.h
              y2 = y1 + self.h
             return x1, y1, x2, y2
         def eye0_cacu(self):              # 眼0坐标计算
              left_point = (self.start_point[0] + (self.w - self.h) / 2 - 5, self.start_point[1])
              x1 = left_point[0] + self.h / 6
              y1 = left_point[1] + self.h / 3
              x2 = x1 + self.h / 3
              y2 = left_point[1] + self.h / 2
             return x1, y1, x2, y2
         def mouth_cacu(self):            # 口坐标计算
              left_point = (self.start_point[0] + (self.w - self.h) / 2, self.start_point[1])
              x1 = left_point[0] + self.h / 3
              y1 = left_point[1] + 2 * self.h / 3 + 25      # +25后口的位置靠下，并且图形更大了
              x2 = x1 + self.h / 3
              y2 = left_point[1] + self.h / 2
             return x1, y1, x2, y2
      class hand(HatTop):            # 手
         pass
      class BodyOutline(HatTop):      # 身体轮廓，因没有特别的形状，继承了基类，类体为空
         pass
      class Button(HatTop):            # 钮扣
         pass
      class Body:                      # 身体
         def __init__(self, cvns, start_point, fill, w, h):
              self.cvns = cvns
              self.start_point = start_point
              self.w = w
              self.h = h
              self.fill = fill
              self._button_size = 10        # 钮扣的大小
              self.buttons = []
              self.bo = BodyOutline(self.cvns, self.body_cacu(), self.fill)      # 身体轮廓实例
      # self.hd = hand(self.cvns, (15, 500, 45, 240), self.fill) # 左手轮廓实例,坐标为矩形的两个对角顶点的坐标为准画的圆/椭圆
              self.hd = hand(self.cvns, self.bd_cacu(0), self.fill)           # 左手轮廓实例,坐标为矩形的两个对角顶点的坐标为准画的圆/椭圆
              self.hd2 = hand(self.cvns, self.bd_cacu(self.w), self.fill)  # 右手
             for pnts in self.all_button_points():
                  self.buttons.append(Button(self.cvns, pnts, self.fill))
         def bd_cacu(self, w):  # 计算手的坐标
              x1 = 15 + w
              y1 = self.start_point[1] + self.h / 2
              x2 = x1 + 30
              y2 = y1 - 26 * self._button_size
             return x1, y1, x2, y2
         def draw(self):
              self.bo.draw()                # 身体绘制
              self.hd.draw()                # 手1绘制
              self.hd2.draw()               # 手2绘制
             for bttn in self.buttons:    # 各钮扣绘制
                  bttn.draw()
         def body_cacu(self):           # 计算身体轮廓坐标
              x1, y1 = self.start_point
              x2 = x1 + self.w
              y2 = y1 + self.h
             return x1, y1, x2, y2
         def button0_cacu(self):        # 计算第0个钮扣的坐标
              x1 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2 - self._button_size
              y1 = self.start_point[1] + self.h / 5 - self._button_size
              x2 = x1 + 2 * self._button_size         # 2决定钮扣的园形形状
              y2 = y1 + 2 * self._button_size
             return x1, y1, x2, y2
         def move_dy(self, points, size):   # 钮扣移动的方法
              y1 = points[1] + size
              y2 = points[3] + size
             return points[0], y1, points[2], y2
         def all_button_points(self):          # 绘制每个钮扣的坐标
              b0_points = self.button0_cacu()
              size = self.h / 6                   # 身高/钮扣数+1
              points = []                         # 列表
             for i in range(5):                 # 钮扣的个数
                  points.append(self.move_dy(b0_points, i * size))   # 各钮扣的移动数据存入列表points
             return points                   # 返回列表值
         # def set_button_size(self, size):
         # self._button_size = size
      class Snow:           # 组装成雪人
         def __init__(self, cvns, points, fill, w=150, h=450):       # points为雪人的坐标其与帽子坐标一致（见雪人图）
              self.cvns = cvns
              self.points = points
              self.w = w
              self.h = h
              self.fill = fill
              self.head = Head(self.cvns, (self.points[0], self.points[1] + self.h / 6), self.fill, self.w, self.h / 3)   # 实例化头部
              self.body = Body(self.cvns, (self.points[0], self.points[1] + self.h / 2), self.fill, self.w, self.h / 2)   # 实例化身体
              self.fill = 'red'                                                            # 帽子顶部颜色
              self.hat = Hat(self.cvns, self.points, self.fill, self.w, self.h / 6)        # 绘帽子 # 实例化帽子
         def draw(self):
              self.hat.draw()         # 绘制帽子
              self.head.draw()        # 绘制头
              self.body.draw()        # 绘制身体
      if __name__ == '__main__':
         import tkinter
          root = tkinter.Tk()         # 建立根窗口
          cvns = tkinter.Canvas(root, width=400, height=700, bg='white')   # 调用画布
          cvns.pack()                 # 将画布添加到窗口
          snow = Snow(cvns, (30, 15), 'white', 320, 660)   # 雪人的实例化（传入画布对象、起始坐标、宽、高）
          snow = snow.draw()          # 绘制
          root.mainloop()
  
 

文章来源: zhulin1028.blog.csdn.net，作者：zhulin1028，版权归原作者所有，如需转载，请联系作者。

原文链接：zhulin1028.blog.csdn.net/article/details/120536554