在Oracle 中我们知道有一个 Hierarchical Queries 通过CONNECT BY 我们可以方便的查了所有当前节点下的所有子节点。但很遗憾,在MySQL的目前版本中还没有对应的功能。 在MySQL中如果是有限的层次,比如我们事先如果可以确定这个树的最大深度是4, 那么所有节点为根的树的深度均不会超过4,则我们可以直接通过left join 来实现。 但很多时候我们无法控制树的深度。这时就需要在MySQL中用存储过程来实现或在你的程序中来实现这个递归。本文讨论一下几种实现的方法。 样例数据: mysql> create table treeNodes -> ( -> id int primary key, -> nodename varchar(20), -> pid int -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec) mysql> select * from treenodes; +----+----------+------+ | id | nodename | pid | +----+----------+------+ | 1 | A | 0 | | 2 | B | 1 | | 3 | C | 1 | | 4 | D | 2 | | 5 | E | 2 | | 6 | F | 3 | | 7 | G | 6 | | 8 | H | 0 | | 9 | I | 8 | | 10 | J | 8 | | 11 | K | 8 | | 12 | L | 9 | | 13 | M | 9 | | 14 | N | 12 | | 15 | O | 12 | | 16 | P | 15 | | 17 | Q | 15 | +----+----------+------+ 17 rows in set (0.00 sec) 树形图如下 1:A +-- 2:B | +-- 4:D | +-- 5:E +-- 3:C +-- 6:F +-- 7:G 8:H +-- 9:I | +-- 12:L | | +--14:N | | +--15:O | | +--16:P | | +--17:Q | +-- 13:M +-- 10:J +-- 11:K 方法一:利用函数来得到所有子节点号。 创建一个function getChildLst, 得到一个由所有子节点号组成的字符串. mysql> delimiter // mysql> mysql> CREATE FUNCTION `getChildLst`(rootId INT) -> RETURNS varchar(1000) -> BEGIN -> DECLARE sTemp VARCHAR(1000); -> DECLARE sTempChd VARCHAR(1000); -> -> SET sTemp = '$'; -> SET sTempChd =cast(rootId as CHAR); -> -> WHILE sTempChd is not null DO -> SET sTemp = concat(sTemp,',',sTempChd); -> SELECT group_concat(id) INTO sTempChd FROM treeNodes where FIND_IN_SET(pid,sTempChd)>0; -> END WHILE; -> RETURN sTemp; -> END -> // Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> mysql> delimiter ; 使用我们直接利用find_in_set函数配合这个getChildlst来查找 mysql> select getChildLst(1); +-----------------+ | getChildLst(1) | +-----------------+ | $,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 | +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from treeNodes -> where FIND_IN_SET(id, getChildLst(1)); +----+----------+------+ | id | nodename | pid | +----+----------+------+ | 1 | A | 0 | | 2 | B | 1 | | 3 | C | 1 | | 4 | D | 2 | | 5 | E | 2 | | 6 | F | 3 | | 7 | G | 6 | +----+----------+------+ 7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from treeNodes -> where FIND_IN_SET(id, getChildLst(3)); +----+----------+------+ | id | nodename | pid | +----+----------+------+ | 3 | C | 1 | | 6 | F | 3 | | 7 | G | 6 | +----+----------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.01 sec) 优点: 简单,方便,没有递归调用层次深度的限制 (max_sp_recursion_depth,最大255) ; 缺点:长度受限,虽然可以扩大 RETURNS varchar(1000),但总是有最大限制的。 MySQL目前版本( 5.1.33-community)中还不支持function 的递归调用。 方法二:利用临时表和过程递归 创建存储过程如下。createChildLst 为递归过程,showChildLst为调用入口过程,准备临时表及初始化。 mysql> delimiter // mysql> mysql> # 入口过程 mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE showChildLst (IN rootId INT) -> BEGIN -> CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tmpLst -> (sno int primary key auto_increment,id int,depth int); -> DELETE FROM tmpLst; -> -> CALL createChildLst(rootId,0); -> -> select tmpLst.*,treeNodes.* from tmpLst,treeNodes where tmpLst.id=treeNodes.id order by tmpLst.sno; -> END; -> // Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> mysql> # 递归过程 mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE createChildLst (IN rootId INT,IN nDepth INT) -> BEGIN -> DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0; -> DECLARE b INT; -> DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT id FROM treeNodes where pid=rootId; -> DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = 1; -> -> insert into tmpLst values (null,rootId,nDepth); -> -> OPEN cur1; -> -> FETCH cur1 INTO b; -> WHILE done=0 DO -> CALL createChildLst(b,nDepth+1); -> FETCH cur1 INTO b; -> END WHILE; -> -> CLOSE cur1; -> END; -> // Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> delimiter ; 调用时传入结点 mysql> call showChildLst(1); +-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+ | sno | id | depth | id | nodename | pid | +-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+ | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | A | 0 | | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | B | 1 | | 6 | 4 | 2 | 4 | D | 2 | | 7 | 5 | 2 | 5 | E | 2 | | 8 | 3 | 1 | 3 | C | 1 | | 9 | 6 | 2 | 6 | F | 3 | | 10 | 7 | 3 | 7 | G | 6 | +-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+ 7 rows in set (0.13 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.14 sec)
mysql> mysql> call showChildLst(3); +-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+ | sno | id | depth | id | nodename | pid | +-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+ | 1 | 3 | 0 | 3 | C | 1 | | 2 | 6 | 1 | 6 | F | 3 | | 3 | 7 | 2 | 7 | G | 6 | +-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.11 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.11 sec) depth 为深度,这样可以在程序进行一些显示上的格式化处理。类似于oracle中的 level 伪列。sno 仅供排序控制。这样你还可以通过临时表tmpLst与数据库中其它表进行联接查询。 MySQL中你可以利用系统参数 max_sp_recursion_depth 来控制递归调用的层数上限。如下例设为12. mysql> set max_sp_recursion_depth=12; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 优点 : 可以更灵活处理,及层数的显示。并且可以按照树的遍历顺序得到结果。 缺点 : 递归有255的限制。 |
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