参考自：Data Guard Physical Standby Setup in Oracle Database 11g Release 2

MOS文档：Step by Step Guide on Creating Physical Standby Using RMAN DUPLICATE…FROM ACTIVE DATABASE (Doc ID 1075908.1) 

官方文档：Duplicating Databases

一、Active Database Duplicate步骤（Using Image Copies）

1.配置主库DG参数，备库根据主库的PFILE,设置参数值,生成备库SPFILE.
2.配置hosts文件，配置TNS，配置静态监听，添加standby log文件.
3.拷贝主库的密码文件至备库，备库创建PFILE中不存在的目录.
4.把备库启动到nomount状态.
5.RMAN同时连接主库与备库，执行duplicate命令.

注：由于Active Database Duplicate无需提前备份，而是通过网络在线copy数据库文件，对主库的CPU等负载要求较高，因此最好在空闲时间进行操作，对于TB级别的数据库，使用Active Duplicate进行DG搭建效率较高，节省空间，但是对网络要求较高；源库必须使用SPFILE。

二、环境准备

Notes：

1、db_unique_name主备库不能相同。

2、db_name主备库需保持一致。

3、主备库DB版本需保持一致。

三、搭建过程

1、Oracle软件安装

主库一键安装：

./AllOracleSilent.sh -i 192.168.56.120 -d 11g -n orcl -o orcl -b /u01/app -s AL32UTF8

备库一键安装：（备库仅安装ORACLE软件，不建库）

./AllOracleSilent.sh -i 192.168.56.121 -d 11g -w Y -n orcl_stby -o orcl -b /u01/app -s AL32UTF8

一键安装脚本可参考：ORACLE一键安装单机11G/12C/18C/19C并建库脚本

2、环境配置

a.配置hosts文件

主库：

cat <<EOF >> /etc/hosts
##FOR DG BEGIN
192.168.56.121 orcl_stby
##FOR DG END
EOF

备库：

cat <<EOF >> /etc/hosts
##FOR DG BEGIN
192.168.56.120 orcl
##FOR DG END
EOF

b.配置静态监听和TNS

主库+备库：

Notes：注意这里的GLOBAL_DBNAME和service_name保持一致，即备库需要改为 orcl_stby。

##listener.ora
su - oracle -c "cat <<EOF >> /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/listener.ora
##FOR DG BEGIN
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db)
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )
##FOR DG END
EOF"

##重启监听
su - oracle -c "lsnrctl stop"
su - oracle -c "lsnrctl start"

##tnsnames.ora
su - oracle -c "cat <<EOF >> /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
##FOR DG BEGIN
ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = orcl)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

ORCL_STBY =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = orcl_stby)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl_stby)
    )
  )
##FOR DG BEGIN
EOF"

c.主库配置参数

select log_mode,force_logging from gv$database;

LOG_MODE     FOR
------------ ---
NOARCHIVELOG NO

--开启归档模式
shutdown immediate
startup mount
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;

--开启强制日志模式
alter database force logging;

--查看数据文件路径是否一致，OMF参数建议关闭
select name from v$datafile;
show parameter db_create_file_dest
alter system reset db_create_file_dest;
--NOTES:如果数据文件路径不一致，duplicate将失败。

--设置DG参数
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(ORCL,ORCL_STBY)';
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ORCL';
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=orcl_stby ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ORCL_STBY';
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=DEFER;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT='%t_%s_%r.arc' SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4;
ALTER SYSTEM SET REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_SERVER=ORCL_STBY;
ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_CLIENT=ORCL;
ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/oradata/orcl','/oradata/orcl' SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/oradata/orcl','/oradata/orcl'  SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO;

d.生成备库pfile文件并修改，复制参数文件和密码文件至备库

create pfile='/tmp/initorcl_stby.ora' from spfile;

--修改的部分：
*.db_unique_name=orcl_stby
*.fal_client='ORCL_STBY'
*.fal_server='ORCL'
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(ORCL_STBY,ORCL)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ORCL_STBY'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=orcl ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ORCL'

--复制参数文件至备库（备库执行）
scp oracle@orcl:/tmp/initorcl_stby.ora /tmp

--复制密码文件至备库（备库执行）,要在oracle用户下复制
su - oracle
scp oracle@orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/orapworcl /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs

e.主库添加stanby log文件

set line222
col member for a60
select t2.thread#,t1.group#,t1.member,t2.bytes/1024/1024 from gv$logfile t1,gv$log t2 where t1.group#=t2.group#;

   THREAD#     GROUP# MEMBER                                                       T2.BYTES/1024/1024
---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------
         1          3 /oradata/orcl/redo03.log                                                    120
         1          2 /oradata/orcl/redo02.log                                                    120
         1          1 /oradata/orcl/redo01.log                                                    120

--需要注意：
--1.stanby log日志大小与redo log日志保持一致
--2.stanby log数量： 
standby logfile=(1+logfile组数)*thread=(1+3)*1=4组,需要加4组standby logfile.
--3.thread要与redo log保持一致，如果是rac，需要增加多个thread对应的standby log

ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE thread 1 
group 4 ('/oradata/orcl/standby_redo04.log') SIZE 120M,
group 5 ('/oradata/orcl/standby_redo05.log') SIZE 120M,
group 6 ('/oradata/orcl/standby_redo06.log') SIZE 120M,
group 7 ('/oradata/orcl/standby_redo07.log') SIZE 120M;

f.备库创建db目录，开启到nomount状态

su - oracle -c "mkdir -p /oradata/orcl"
su - oracle -c "mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl"
su - oracle -c "mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump"

sqlplus / as sysdba
create spfile from pfile='/tmp/initorcl_stby.ora';
startup nomount

3、 RMAN DUPLICATE

rman target sys/oracle@orcl AUXILIARY sys/oracle@orcl_stby

run {
allocate channel prmy1 type disk;
allocate channel prmy2 type disk;
allocate auxiliary channel aux1 type disk;
allocate auxiliary channel aux2 type disk;
DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE FOR STANDBY FROM ACTIVE DATABASE DORECOVER NOFILENAMECHECK;
}

4、备库开启日志应用

alter database open read only;

ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

select database_role,open_mode from v$database;

DATABASE_ROLE    OPEN_MODE
---------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY WITH APPLY

SQL> SELECT protection_mode FROM v$database;

PROTECTION_MODE
--------------------
MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE

5、主库开启LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2

ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE;

6、测试同步情况

set line222
col member for a60

--查看是否存在RFS和MRP进程
select process,group#,thread#,sequence# from gv$managed_standby;

--查看standby日志status是否存在active
select t1.group#,t1.thread#,t1.bytes/1024/1024,t1.status,t2.member from gv$standby_log t1,gv$logfile t2 where t1.group#=t2.group#;

--主库建表空间，建用户，建表，增删改测试
create tablespace TEST datafile '/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf' size 100M autoextend off;
create user test identified by test;
grant dba to test;
conn test/test
create table test(id number);
insert into test values (1);
insert into test values (2);
commit;

--备库查看是否同步

SQL> select tablespace_name from dba_tablespaces where tablespace_name='TEST';

TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
TEST

SQL> select username,account_status,created from dba_users where username='TEST';

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   CREATED
------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------
TEST                           OPEN                             17-APR-21

SQL> select * from test.test;

        ID
----------
         1
         2