135_Java_SpringMVCHttpMessageConverter
HttpMessageConverter,报文信息转换器,将请求报文转换为Java对象,或将Java对象转换为响应报文
HttpMessageConverter 提供了两个注解和两个类型:@RequestBody,@ResponseBody ; RequestEntity ResponseEntity
1 @RequestBody
@RequestBody可以获取请求体,需要在控制器方法设置一个形参,使用@RequestBody进行标识,当前请求的请求体就会为当前注解所标识的形参赋值
<form th:action="@{/testRequestBody}" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
@RequestMapping("/testRequestBody")
public String testRequestBody(@RequestBody String requestBody){
System.out.println("requestBody:"+requestBody); //requestBody:username=admin&password=123456
return "success";
}
2 RequestEntity
RequestEntity封装请求报文的一种类型,需要在控制器方法的形参中设置该类型的形参,当前请求的请求报文就会赋值给该形参
可以通过getHeaders()获取请求头信息,通过getBody()获取请求体信息
@RequestMapping("/testRequestEntity")
public String testRequestEntity(RequestEntity<String> requestEntity){ //RequestEntity<String> string类型
System.out.println("requestHeader:"+requestEntity.getHeaders());
System.out.println("requestBody:"+requestEntity.getBody());
return "success";
}
输出结果: requestHeader:[host:"localhost:8080", connection:"keep-alive", content-length:"27",
cache-control:"max-age=0", sec-ch-ua:"" Not A;Brand";v="99", "Chromium";v="90", "Google
Chrome";v="90"", sec-ch-ua-mobile:"?0", upgrade-insecure-requests:"1", origin:"http://localhost:8
080", user-agent:"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)
Chrome/90.0.4430.93 Safari/537.36"] requestBody:username=admin&password=123
3 @ResponseBody
用于标识一个控制器方法,可以将该方法的返回值直接作为响应报文的响应体响应到浏览器
1原始
@RequestMapping("/testResponse")
public void testResponse(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
response.getWriter().print("hello,response");
}
2@ResponseBody 方式
@RequestMapping(value = "/testResponseBody", produces = "text/html;charset=UTF-8")
@ResponseBody
public String testResponseBody(){
return "成功";
}
4 SpringMVC处理json, @ResponseBody处理json的步骤:
a>导入jackson的依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.12.1</version>
</dependency>
b>在SpringMVC的核心配置文件中开启mvc的注解驱动,
此时在HandlerAdaptor中会自动装配一个消息转换器:MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter
可以将响应到浏览器的Java对象转换为Json格式的字符串
<mvc:annotation-driven />
c>在处理器方法上使用@ResponseBody注解进行标识
d>将Java对象直接作为控制器方法的返回值返回,就会自动转换为Json格式的字符串
@RequestMapping("/testResponseUser")
@ResponseBody
public User testResponseUser(){
return new User(1001, "admin", "123456", 23, "男");
}
// 浏览器的页面中展示的结果:
// {"id":1001,"username":"admin","password":"123456","age":23,"sex":"男"}
5 @RestController注解
@RestController注解是springMVC提供的一个复合注解,标识在控制器的类上,就相当于为类添加了
@Controller注解,并且为其中的每个方法添加了@ResponseBody注解
6 ResponseEntity
ResponseEntity用于控制器方法的返回值类型,该控制器方法的返回值就是响应到浏览器的响应报文
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>测试文件上传和下载</title>
</head>
<body>
<a th:href="@{/testDown}">下载1.jpg</a><br>
<form th:action="@{/testUp}" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
头像:<input type="file" name="photo"><br>
<input type="submit" value="上传">
</form>
</body>
</html>
@RequestMapping("/testDown")
public ResponseEntity<byte[]> testResponseEntity(HttpSession session) throws IOException {
//获取ServletContext对象
ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
//获取服务器中文件的真实路径
String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/static/img/1.jpg");
System.out.println(realPath);
//创建输入流
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(realPath);
//创建字节数组
byte[] bytes = new byte[is.available()];
//将流读到字节数组中
is.read(bytes);
//创建HttpHeaders对象设置响应头信息
MultiValueMap<String, String> headers = new HttpHeaders();
//设置要下载方式以及下载文件的名字
headers.add("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=1.jpg");
//设置响应状态码
HttpStatus statusCode = HttpStatus.OK;
//创建ResponseEntity对象
ResponseEntity<byte[]> responseEntity = new ResponseEntity<>(bytes, headers, statusCode);
//关闭输入流
is.close();
return responseEntity;
}
2 文件上传
文件上传要求form表单的请求方式必须为post,并且添加属性enctype="multipart/form-data"
SpringMVC中将上传的文件封装到MultipartFile对象中,通过此对象可以获取文件相关信息
a>添加依赖:
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-fileupload/commons-fileupload -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
b>在SpringMVC的配置文件中添加配置
<!--必须通过文件解析器的解析才能将文件转换为MultipartFile对象-->
<bean id="multipartResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
</bean>
c>控制器方法
@RequestMapping("/testUp")
public String testUp(MultipartFile photo, HttpSession session) throws IOException {
//获取上传的文件的文件名
String fileName = photo.getOriginalFilename();
//获取上传的文件的后缀名
String suffixName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."));
//将UUID作为文件名
String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replaceAll("-","");
//将uuid和后缀名拼接后的结果作为最终的文件名
fileName = uuid + suffixName;
//通过ServletContext获取服务器中photo目录的路径
ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
String photoPath = servletContext.getRealPath("photo");
File file = new File(photoPath);
//判断photoPath所对应路径是否存在
if(!file.exists()){
//若不存在,则创建目录
file.mkdir();
}
String finalPath = photoPath + File.separator + fileName;
//上传文件
photo.transferTo(new File(finalPath));
return "success";
}
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