Python Module_pdb_DEBUG 方法
【摘要】 目录
目录pdb pdb 的 Debug 方式pdb 的调试指令 示例IPython 自带的 Debug 工具 ipdb
pdb
pdb 是 Python 自带的程序包，为 Python 程序提供了一种可交互的源码调试功能。主要特性包括：
设置断点单步调试进入函数调试查看当前代码查看栈片段动态修改变量值
pdb 的 Debug 方式
p...
目录
pdb
pdb 是 Python 自带的程序包，为 Python 程序提供了一种可交互的源码调试功能。主要特性包括：
- 设置断点
- 单步调试
- 进入函数调试
- 查看当前代码
- 查看栈片段
- 动态修改变量值
pdb 的 Debug 方式
- pdb 可以在源码内直接使用，相当于打断点，
import pdb后，在需要调试的代码处添加写入pdb.set_trace()语句即可。
def pushit(): import pdb pdb.set_trace() stack.append(raw_input('Enter New String: ').strip())
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- 通过命令行参数的形式来进行调试，EG.
python -m pdb stack_demo.py
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- 在 Python 交互环境中调试
>>> import pdb
>>> import mymodule
>>> pdb.run(‘mymodule.test()’)
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pdb 的调试指令
| 指令 | 解析 |
|---|---|
| break [codeline] 或 b [codeline] | 在 codeline 行处，设置断点 |
| condition codeline [condition] | 设置条件断点 |
| disable [codeline] | 使某一行断点失效 |
| enable [codeline] | 使某一行的断点生效 |
| clear [codeline] 或 cl [codeline] | 就是清除指定的断点,不带参数就是清除所有的断点 |
| continue 或 c | 继续执行程序 |
| list 或 l | 查看当前行上下文的代码段 |
| next 或 n | 执行下一行，但跳过函数 |
| step 或 s | 执行下一行，并进入被调用的函数 |
| j [codeline] | 跳转到前面的 codeline 行 |
| w | 打印当前执行点的位置 |
| return 或 r | 执行代码直到从当前函数返回 |
| p | 打印一个变量或参数的值 |
| a | 打印当前函数及参数的值 |
| ! | 感叹号后面跟着语句，可以直接改变某个变量值 |
| exit 或 q | 中止并退出 |
| help [command] 或 h [command] | commands 的帮助手册 |
示例
stack_demo.py : 一个 Python 实现的 栈 数据结构
stack = []
def pushit(): #import pdb #pdb.set_trace() stack.append(raw_input('Enter New String: ').strip())
def popit(): if len(stack) == 0: print "Cannot pop from an empty stack!" else: print 'Remove [', `stack.pop()`, ']'
def viewstack(): print stack
CMDs = {'u':pushit, 'o':popit, 'v':viewstack}
def showmenu(): pr = """ p(U)sh p(O)p (V)iew (Q)uit Enter choice: """ while True: while True: try: choice = raw_input(pr).strip()[0].lower() except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt, IndexError): choice = 'q' print '\nYou picked: [%s]' % choice if choice not in 'uovq': print 'Invalid option, try again' else: break if choice == 'q': break CMDs[choice]()
if __name__ == '__main__': showmenu()
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通过命令行参数的形式来进行调试
In [2]: !python -m pdb stack_demo.py > d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(1)<module>()
-> stack = [] # 这种方式会从第一条语句开始进入调试
(Pdb) b 7 # 空白行或注释不能打断点
*** Blank or comment
(Pdb) b 8 # 在 codeline == 8 处打上断点
Breakpoint 1 at d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py:8
(Pdb) n # 下一行
> d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(3)<module>() -> def pushit():
(Pdb) n # 下一行，并且跳过函数内的语句
> d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(10)<module>()
-> def popit(): (Pdb) l # 列出下面的代码
3 def pushit():
4
5 #import pdb
6 #pdb.set_trace()
7
8 B-> stack.append(raw_input('Enter New String: ').strip())
9
10 def popit():
11 if len(stack) == 0:
12 print "Cannot pop from an empty stack!"
13 else:
(Pdb) n
Enter New String: 'jmilkfan'
--Return--
> d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(8)pushit()->None
-> stack.append(raw_input('Enter New String: ').strip())
(Pdb) w # 打印当前位置
d:\development\python27\lib\bdb.py(400)run()
-> exec cmd in globals, locals
<string>(1)<module>()
d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(49)<module>()
-> showmenu()
d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(46)showmenu()
-> CMDs[choice]()
> d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(8)pushit()->None
-> stack.append(raw_input('Enter New String: ').strip())
(Pdb) p stack # 输出一个变量的值
["'jmilkfan'"]
(Pdb) !stack = ["fanguiju"] # 改变一个变量的值
(Pdb) p stack
['fanguiju']
(Pdb) c # 继续往下执行 p(U)sh p(O)p (V)iew (Q)uit Enter choice: q
You picked: [q]
The program finished and will be restarted
> d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(1)<module>()
-> stack = []
(Pdb) q # 退出调试
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- 在源码内直接使用
In [8]: run stack_demo.py p(U)sh p(O)p (V)iew (Q)uit Enter choice: u
You picked: [u]
> d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(8)pushit()
-> stack.append(raw_input('Enter New String: ').strip()) # 开始进入调试，该语句的前一条语句为 pdb.set_trace()
(Pdb) l
3 def pushit():
4
5 import pdb
6 pdb.set_trace()
7
8 -> stack.append(raw_input('Enter New String: ').strip())
9
10 def popit():
11 if len(stack) == 0:
12 print "Cannot pop from an empty stack!"
13 else:
(Pdb) j 16 # 不能跳转到还没有执行过的代码行
*** Jump failed: line 16 comes after the current code block
(Pdb) j 3
> d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(3)pushit()
-> def pushit():
(Pdb) s # 进入一个函数内部
> d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(6)pushit()
-> pdb.set_trace() (Pdb) s # 还可以进入到调用函数的内部
--Call--
> d:\development\python27\lib\pdb.py(1250)set_trace()
-> def set_trace():
(Pdb) c # 继续执行代码
> d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(8)pushit()
-> stack.append(raw_input('Enter New String: ').strip())
(Pdb) r # 执行代码直到从当前函数返回
Enter New String: 'jmilkfan'
--Return--
> d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(8)pushit()->None
-> stack.append(raw_input('Enter New String: ').strip())
(Pdb) l
25 (V)iew
26 (Q)uit
27
28 Enter choice: """
29
30 -> while True:
31 while True:
32 try:
33 choice = raw_input(pr).strip()[0].lower()
34 except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt, IndexError):
35 choice = 'q'
(Pdb) c p(U)sh p(O)p (V)iew (Q)uit Enter choice: u
You picked: [u]
> d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(8)pushit()
-> stack.append(raw_input('Enter New String: ').strip())
(Pdb) s
--Call--
> d:\development\python27\lib\site-packages\win_unicode_console\raw_input.py(71)raw_input()
-> def raw_input(prompt=""):
(Pdb) p pr
'\n\tp(U)sh\n\tp(O)p\n\t(V)iew\n\t(Q)uit\n\t\n\tEnter choice: '
(Pdb) n p(U)sh p(O)p (V)iew (Q)uit Enter choice: v
> d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(37)showmenu()
-> print '\nYou picked: [%s]' % choice
(Pdb) n
You picked: [v]
> d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(38)showmenu()
-> if choice not in 'uovq':
(Pdb) n
> d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(41)showmenu()
-> break
(Pdb) n
> d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(44)showmenu()
-> if choice == 'q':
(Pdb) n
> d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(46)showmenu()
-> CMDs[choice]()
(Pdb) n
[u"'jmilkfan'", u"'fanguiju'", u"'fanguiju'"]
> d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(30)showmenu()
-> while True:
(Pdb) n
> d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(31)showmenu()
-> while True:
(Pdb) n
> d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(32)showmenu()
-> try:
(Pdb) n
> d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(33)showmenu()
-> choice = raw_input(pr).strip()[0].lower()
(Pdb) n p(U)sh p(O)p (V)iew (Q)uit Enter choice: v
> d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(37)showmenu()
-> print '\nYou picked: [%s]' % choice
(Pdb) c
You picked: [v]
[u"'jmilkfan'", u"'fanguiju'", u"'fanguiju'"] p(U)sh p(O)p (V)iew (Q)uit Enter choice: 0
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IPython 自带的 Debug 工具 ipdb
基本用法跟 pdb 一样，优点在于很 IPython 结合使用能更方便的完成一个功能，也更加清晰。
In [1]: run -d stack_demo.py
Breakpoint 1 at d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py:1
NOTE: Enter 'c' at the ipdb> prompt to continue execution.
> d:\development\python27\workspace\stack_demo.py(1)<module>()
1---> 1 stack = [] 2 3 def pushit(): 4 5 stack.append(raw_input('Enter New String: ').strip())
ipdb> h
Documented commands (type help <topic>):
========================================
EOF bt cont enable jump pdef psource run unt
a c continue exit l pdoc q s until
alias cl d h list pfile quit step up
args clear debug help n pinfo r tbreak w
b commands disable ignore next pinfo2 restart u whatis
break condition down j p pp return unalias where
Miscellaneous help topics:
==========================
exec pdb
Undocumented commands:
======================
ll longlist retval rv
ipdb>
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文章来源: is-cloud.blog.csdn.net，作者：范桂飓，版权归原作者所有，如需转载，请联系作者。
原文链接：is-cloud.blog.csdn.net/article/details/52357601
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