IntelliJ IDEA 自带的 HTTP Client 接口调用插件，吊打 Postman

2.1 创建 HTTP Client 文件

可以创建2种文件类型的 HTTP Client 文件，一种是临时文件（scratch files，不跟项目工程挂钩），一种是非临时文件（physical files，跟项目工程挂钩）。

如果你想创建的 HTTP Client 文件是为了临时调用接口测试用的，不需要保留记录供以后使用，则可以使用临时文件；如果想存档记录请求参数，请求结果等，后续再继续使用，或者随项目提交到远程git仓库，则建议使用非临时文件。

创建 HTTP Client 临时文件

打开后，显示界面和Postman差不多，不过这种风格的界面被弃用了，官方不推荐我们使用，在最新版本的 IDEA 中已经没有这个界面了。

官方推荐我们使用编码式的风格界面，点击上个界面顶部的 Convert request to the new format ，即可打开新的 HTTP Client 界面。

创建 HTTP Client 非临时文件

可以在项目根目录下创建一个存储请求文件的文件夹，然后在里面创建 HTTP Client 请求文件，如下：

2.2 HTTP Client 特性

HTTP 请求存储在以.http或.rest为后缀的文件中，并且带有 API 小图标。

请求文件可以包含多个请求，多个请求中间用3个井号 ### 隔开；如果是临时文件，每次执行请求后，会在请求下方生成对应请求结果的文件链接，按住 Ctrl + 鼠标左键可以打开。

所有的请求结果，请求历史记录，cookies等信息会存放在 .idea 文件夹下，如下：

2.3 如何创建请求

使用右上角的快捷按钮创建请求，可以选择不同方式的请求，如下：

使用快捷键进行创建请求，例如输入 gtr 可以快速创建一个简单的 GET 请求，如下：

使用 Ctrl + J 快捷键可以查看创建 HTTP 请求的所有快捷键，如下：

通过 cURL 创建请求，点击右上角的 Convert form cURL 按钮，然后输入 cURL 地址即可自动转换，如下：

2.4 请求方式

GET

### GET request with a header
GET https://httpbin.org/ip
Accept: application/json

### GET request with parameter
GET https://httpbin.org/get?show_env=1
Accept: application/json

### GET request with environment variables
GET {{host}}/get?show_env={{show_env}}
Accept: application/json

### GET request with disabled redirects
# @no-redirect
GET http://httpbin.org/status/301

### GET request with dynamic variables
GET http://httpbin.org/anything?id={{$uuid}}&ts={{$timestamp}}

###

POST

### Send POST request with json body
POST https://httpbin.org/post
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "id": 999,
  "value": "content"
}

### Send POST request with body as parameters
POST https://httpbin.org/post
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

id=999&value=content

### Send a form with the text and file fields
POST https://httpbin.org/post
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=WebAppBoundary

--WebAppBoundary
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="element-name"
Content-Type: text/plain

Name
--WebAppBoundary
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="data"; filename="data.json"
Content-Type: application/json

< ./request-form-data.json
--WebAppBoundary--

### Send request with dynamic variables in request's body
POST https://httpbin.org/post
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "id": {{$uuid}},
  "price": {{$randomInt}},
  "ts": {{$timestamp}},
  "value": "content"
}

###

PUT

PUT http://localhost:8080/person/put
Content-Type: application/json

{"name": "陈皮","age": 17}

PATCH

###
PATCH http://localhost:8080/person/put
Content-Type: application/json

{"name": "陈皮","age": 17}

鉴权方式

### Basic authorization.
GET https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd
Authorization: Basic user passwd

### Basic authorization with variables.
GET https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd
Authorization: Basic {{username}} {{password}}

### Digest authorization.
GET https://httpbin.org/digest-auth/realm/user/passwd
Authorization: Digest user passwd

### Digest authorization with variables.
GET https://httpbin.org/digest-auth/realm/user/passwd
Authorization: Digest {{username}} {{password}}

### Authorization by token, part 1. Retrieve and save token.
POST https://httpbin.org/post
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "token": "my-secret-token"
}

> {% client.global.set("auth_token", response.body.json.token); %}

### Authorization by token, part 2. Use token to authorize.
GET https://httpbin.org/headers
Authorization: Bearer {{auth_token}}

###

断言方式

### Successful test: check response status is 200
GET https://httpbin.org/status/200

> {%
client.test("Request executed successfully", function() {
  client.assert(response.status === 200, "Response status is not 200");
});
%}

### Failed test: check response status is 200
GET https://httpbin.org/status/404

> {%
client.test("Request executed successfully", function() {
  client.assert(response.status === 200, "Response status is not 200");
});
%}

### Check response status and content-type
GET https://httpbin.org/get

> {%
client.test("Request executed successfully", function() {
  client.assert(response.status === 200, "Response status is not 200");
});

client.test("Response content-type is json", function() {
  var type = response.contentType.mimeType;
  client.assert(type === "application/json", "Expected 'application/json' but received '" + type + "'");
});
%}

### Check response body
GET https://httpbin.org/get

> {%
client.test("Headers option exists", function() {
  client.assert(response.body.hasOwnProperty("headers"), "Cannot find 'headers' option in response");
});
%}

###