【DB宝42】MySQL高可用架构MHA+ProxySQL实现读写分离和负载均衡（2）
【摘要】 三、配置ProxySQL环境 3.1 申请ProxySQL主机并安装ProxySQLdocker rm -f MHA-LHR-ProxySQL-ip136docker run -d --name MHA-LHR-ProxySQL-ip136 -h MHA-LHR-ProxySQL-ip136 \ -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup \ --network ...
三、配置ProxySQL环境
3.1 申请ProxySQL主机并安装ProxySQL
docker rm -f MHA-LHR-ProxySQL-ip136
docker run -d --name MHA-LHR-ProxySQL-ip136 -h MHA-LHR-ProxySQL-ip136 \
-v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup \
--network mhalhr --ip 192.168.68.136 \
-p 26032:6032 -p 26033:6033 -p 26080:6080 \
--privileged=true lhrbest/lhrcentos76:8.0 \
/usr/sbin/init
docker network connect bridge MHA-LHR-ProxySQL-ip136
docker restart MHA-LHR-ProxySQL-ip136
docker cp proxysql2-2.0.15-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm MHA-LHR-ProxySQL-ip136:/
docker exec -it MHA-LHR-ProxySQL-ip136 bash
rpm -ivh proxysql2-2.0.15-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
systemctl start proxysql
systemctl status proxysql
3.2 添加远程登录用户
-- 添加远程登录用户
mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032
select @@admin-admin_credentials;
set admin-admin_credentials='admin:admin;root:lhr';
select @@admin-admin_credentials;
load admin variables to runtime;
save admin variables to disk;
-- 远程登录
mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.66.35 -P26032
执行过程：
-- ProxySQL本地登录
[root@MHA-LHR-ProxySQL-ip136 /]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 162
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select @@admin-admin_credentials;
+---------------------------+
| @@admin-admin_credentials |
+---------------------------+
| admin:admin;lhr:lhr |
+---------------------------+
1 row in set (0.05 sec)
mysql> set admin-admin_credentials='admin:admin;root:lhr';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select @@admin-admin_credentials;
+---------------------------+
| @@admin-admin_credentials |
+---------------------------+
| admin:admin;root:lhr |
+---------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> load admin variables to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> save admin variables to disk;
Query OK, 35 rows affected (0.13 sec)
mysql>
-- 远程登录
C:\Users\lhrxxt>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.66.35 -P26032
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): ProxySQL Error: Access denied for user 'root'@'172.17.0.1' (using password: YES)
C:\Users\lhrxxt>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.66.35 -P26032
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 163
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
| seq | name | file |
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
| 0 | main | |
| 2 | disk | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql.db |
| 3 | stats | |
| 4 | monitor | |
| 5 | stats_history | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql_stats.db |
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.05 sec)
3.3 开启ProxySQL的web监控功能
-- 开启web监控功能
SET admin-web_enabled='true';
LOAD ADMIN VARIABLES TO RUNTIME;
SAVE ADMIN VARIABLES TO DISK;
select * from global_variables where variable_name LIKE 'admin-web_enabled';
select @@admin-web_enabled;
lsof -i:6080
-- 浏览器访问
https://192.168.66.35:26080
用户名和密码：stats:stats
3.4 配置被监控的数据库
3.4.1 向ProxySQL插入被监控数据库
-- 1、向ProxySQL插入被监控数据库
select * from mysql_servers;
insert into main.mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port) values(10,'192.168.68.131',3306);
insert into main.mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port) values(10,'192.168.68.132',3306);
insert into main.mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port) values(10,'192.168.68.133',3306);
load mysql servers to runtime;
save mysql servers to disk;
select * from mysql_servers;
MySQL [(none)]> select * from mysql_servers;
+--------------+----------------+------+-----------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+---------+
| hostgroup_id | hostname | port | gtid_port | status | weight | compression | max_connections | max_replication_lag | use_ssl | max_latency_ms | comment |
+--------------+----------------+------+-----------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+---------+
| 10 | 192.168.68.131 | 3306 | 0 | ONLINE | 1 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 10 | 192.168.68.132 | 3306 | 0 | ONLINE | 1 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 10 | 192.168.68.133 | 3306 | 0 | ONLINE | 1 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
+--------------+----------------+------+-----------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.07 sec)
3.4.2 在所有被监控MySQL服务器上创建监控帐户
-- 2、在所有被监控MySQL服务器上创建帐户，注意：新版本中，这里的密码必须为monitor，可参考配置文件/etc/proxysql.cnf
mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.66.35 -P33131
create user 'monitor'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'monitor';
GRANT all privileges ON *.* TO 'monitor'@'%' with grant option;
select user,host from mysql.user;
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+---------------+--------------+
| user | host |
+---------------+--------------+
| mha | % |
| monitor | % |
| repl | % |
| root | % |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+---------------+--------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.4.3 在所有被监控MySQL服务器上创建对外访问账户
-- 3、 在所有被监控MySQL服务器上创建对外访问账户：
create user 'wr'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'lhr';
GRANT all privileges ON *.* TO 'wr'@'%' with grant option;
-- 配置到ProxySQL中
insert into mysql_users(username,password,default_hostgroup) values('wr','lhr',10);
update mysql_users set transaction_persistent=1 where username='wr';
load mysql users to runtime;
save mysql users to disk;
select * from mysql_users;
MySQL [(none)]> select * from mysql_users;
+----------+----------+--------+---------+-------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------------+--------------+---------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| username | password | active | use_ssl | default_hostgroup | default_schema | schema_locked | transaction_persistent | fast_forward | backend | frontend | max_connections | comment |
+----------+----------+--------+---------+-------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------------+--------------+---------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| wr | lhr | 1 | 0 | 10 | NULL | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 10000 | |
+----------+----------+--------+---------+-------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------------+--------------+---------+----------+-----------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.05 sec)
3.4.4 配置监控
-- 4、在ProxySQL端执行下列SQL语句：
set mysql-monitor_username='monitor';
set mysql-monitor_password='monitor';
load mysql servers to runtime;
save mysql servers to disk;
select * from global_variables where variable_name in('mysql-monitor_username','mysql-monitor_password');
+------------------------+----------------+
| variable_name | variable_value |
+------------------------+----------------+
| mysql-monitor_password | monitor |
| mysql-monitor_username | monitor |
+------------------------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.05 sec)
-- 检查连接到MySQL的日志
select * from monitor.mysql_server_ping_log order by time_start_us desc limit 6;
select * from monitor.mysql_server_connect_log order by time_start_us desc limit 6;
MySQL [(none)]> select * from monitor.mysql_server_ping_log order by time_start_us desc limit 6;
+----------------+------+------------------+----------------------+------------+
| hostname | port | time_start_us | ping_success_time_us | ping_error |
+----------------+------+------------------+----------------------+------------+
| 192.168.68.132 | 3306 | 1614050308827202 | 252 | NULL |
| 192.168.68.133 | 3306 | 1614050308716530 | 370 | NULL |
| 192.168.68.131 | 3306 | 1614050308605853 | 542 | NULL |
| 192.168.68.131 | 3306 | 1614050298778908 | 334 | NULL |
| 192.168.68.133 | 3306 | 1614050298690947 | 297 | NULL |
| 192.168.68.132 | 3306 | 1614050298605725 | 344 | NULL |
+----------------+------+------------------+----------------------+------------+
6 rows in set (0.06 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> select * from monitor.mysql_server_connect_log order by time_start_us desc limit 6;
+----------------+------+------------------+-------------------------+---------------+
| hostname | port | time_start_us | connect_success_time_us | connect_error |
+----------------+------+------------------+-------------------------+---------------+
| 192.168.68.131 | 3306 | 1614050285481316 | 1173 | NULL |
| 192.168.68.133 | 3306 | 1614050284894846 | 1008 | NULL |
| 192.168.68.132 | 3306 | 1614050284309124 | 970 | NULL |
| 192.168.68.131 | 3306 | 1614050225194575 | 1108 | NULL |
| 192.168.68.133 | 3306 | 1614050224751771 | 987 | NULL |
| 192.168.68.132 | 3306 | 1614050224309026 | 1294 | NULL |
+----------------+------+------------------+-------------------------+---------------+
6 rows in set (0.05 sec)
3.4.5 配置MySQL主机组
-- 5、实验使用10作为写入组，20作为读取组。
show create table mysql_replication_hostgroups\G;
writer_hostgroup 写入组的编号
reader_hostgroup 读取组的编号
-- 注意：需要配置从库的read_only=1
show variables like 'read_only';
set global read_only=1;
insert into mysql_replication_hostgroups(writer_hostgroup,reader_hostgroup,comment) values(10,20,'proxy');
load mysql servers to runtime;
save mysql servers to disk;
select * from mysql_replication_hostgroups;
select * from mysql_server_read_only_log order by time_start_us desc limit 3;
select * from mysql_servers;
MySQL [(none)]> select * from mysql_replication_hostgroups;
+------------------+------------------+------------+---------+
| writer_hostgroup | reader_hostgroup | check_type | comment |
+------------------+------------------+------------+---------+
| 10 | 20 | read_only | proxy |
+------------------+------------------+------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.05 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> select * from mysql_server_read_only_log order by time_start_us desc limit 3;
+----------------+------+------------------+-----------------+-----------+-------+
| hostname | port | time_start_us | success_time_us | read_only | error |
+----------------+------+------------------+-----------------+-----------+-------+
| 192.168.68.133 | 3306 | 1614050367153351 | 611 | 1 | NULL |
| 192.168.68.131 | 3306 | 1614050367136396 | 490 | 0 | NULL |
| 192.168.68.132 | 3306 | 1614050367119511 | 531 | 1 | NULL |
+----------------+------+------------------+-----------------+-----------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.05 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> select * from mysql_servers;
+--------------+----------------+------+-----------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+---------+
| hostgroup_id | hostname | port | gtid_port | status | weight | compression | max_connections | max_replication_lag | use_ssl | max_latency_ms | comment |
+--------------+----------------+------+-----------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+---------+
| 10 | 192.168.68.131 | 3306 | 0 | ONLINE | 1 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 20 | 192.168.68.132 | 3306 | 0 | ONLINE | 1 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 20 | 192.168.68.133 | 3306 | 0 | ONLINE | 1 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
+--------------+----------------+------+-----------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.05 sec)
注意，此时mysql_servers表中的hostgroup_id值已发生变化。
3.4.6 配置读写分离策略
-- 6、配置读写分离策略
insert into mysql_query_rules(active,match_pattern,destination_hostgroup,apply) values(1,'^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$',10,1);
insert into mysql_query_rules(active,match_pattern,destination_hostgroup,apply) values(1,'^SELECT',20,1);
LOAD MYSQL QUERY RULES TO RUNTIME;
SAVE MYSQL QUERY RULES TO DISK;
-- 配置查询select的请求转发到hostgroup_id=2组上（读组）
-- 针对select * from table_name for update这样的修改语句，我们是需要将请求转到写组，也就是hostgroup_id=1
-- 对于其它没有被规则匹配的请求全部转发到默认的组（mysql_users表中default_hostgroup）
select * from mysql_query_rules;
select username,password,default_hostgroup from mysql_users;
MySQL [(none)]> select * from mysql_query_rules;
+---------+--------+----------+------------+--------+-------------+------------+------------+--------+--------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------------+-----------+--------------------+---------------+-----------+---------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-----------+--------+-------------+-----------+---------------------+-----+-------+---------+
| rule_id | active | username | schemaname | flagIN | client_addr | proxy_addr | proxy_port | digest | match_digest | match_pattern | negate_match_pattern | re_modifiers | flagOUT | replace_pattern | destination_hostgroup | cache_ttl | cache_empty_result | cache_timeout | reconnect | timeout | retries | delay | next_query_flagIN | mirror_flagOUT | mirror_hostgroup | error_msg | OK_msg | sticky_conn | multiplex | gtid_from_hostgroup | log | apply | comment |
+---------+--------+----------+------------+--------+-------------+------------+------------+--------+--------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------------+-----------+--------------------+---------------+-----------+---------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-----------+--------+-------------+-----------+---------------------+-----+-------+---------+
| 1 | 1 | NULL | NULL | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | ^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$ | 0 | CASELESS | NULL | NULL | 10 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1 | NULL |
| 2 | 1 | NULL | NULL | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | ^SELECT | 0 | CASELESS | NULL | NULL | 20 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1 | NULL |
+---------+--------+----------+------------+--------+-------------+------------+------------+--------+--------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------------+-----------+--------------------+---------------+-----------+---------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-----------+--------+-------------+-----------+---------------------+-----+-------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.05 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> select username,password,default_hostgroup from mysql_users;
+----------+----------+-------------------+
| username | password | default_hostgroup |
+----------+----------+-------------------+
| wr | lhr | 10 |
+----------+----------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.05 sec)
至此，ProxySQL读写分离和负载均衡已配置完成，接下来我们进行测试。
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